1,720,961 research outputs found
Transport characteristics of a beta sheet breaker peptide across excised bovine nasal mucosa
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the permeation characteristics of the beta sheet breaker peptide AS 602704 (BSB) on excised bovine nasal mucosa using an Ussing chamber model. The influence of various absorption enhancers such as sodium cholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetrimidum, sodium caprate, Na2EDTA, polycarbophil (PCP), the thiomer conjugate polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys), and poly-l-arginine (poly-l-arg; 100 kDa) was evaluated. Additionally, the influence of temperature and pH on the transport rate as well as the stability of the peptide drug against enzymatic degradation were investigated in vitro.The effective permeability coefficient (Peff) of BSB in Krebs-Ringer-buffer (KRB) pH 7.4 was (1.89 ± 0.44)*10-5, while in the presence of sodium caprate (0.5%) a Peff of (9.58 ± 1.82)*10-5 was achieved. Rank order of enhancement ratio was sodium caprate > SDS > sodium cholate > Na2EDTA > poly-l-arg = PCP-Cys. In case of cetrimidum and PCP even a decrease in the absorption of BSB was determined. Na2EDTA reduced the enzymatic degradation of BSB when exposed to a nasal tissue homogenate by more than the half. An increased lipophilicity of BSB because of a more acidic milieu (pH 5.5) did not lead to an increased transcellular transport. Permeation studies carried out at 4°C compared to 37°C demonstrated a temperature dependent permeation behaviour suggesting an additional active carrier mediated transport.The results obtained within these studies should facilitate the development of a nasal delivery system for AS 602704 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Copyrigh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
In vitro evaluation of thiomer microparticles for nasal drug delivery
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to compare two preparation methods concerning the development of a thiomer (polycarbophil-cysteine; PCP-Cys)-based microparticulate delivery system for nasal drug administration. Microparticles were prepared either by emulsification solvent evaporation technique or via mechanical micronization. Resulting microparticles were characterized and compared concerning their inherent properties and the permeation enhancing effect of PCP-Cys in combination with the permeation mediator glutathione (GSH) was investigated on freshly excised bovine nasal mucosa. Additionally, the effect of PCP-Cys on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal epithelial cells was evaluated in vitro. Results demonstrated that microparticles of both preparation types were mainly of spherical structure displaying particle diameter up to 100 μm. Particles prepared by mechanical micronization showed a comparatively higher drug load compared to those produced via the emulsification solvent evaporation technique. In addition, controlled drug release of the incorporated model compounds sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) and FITC-dextran (FD 4) was achieved from these particles. The mucosal transport of NaFlu and FD 4 was increased 1.70-fold and 2.64-fold, respectively, in the presence of the PCP-Cys/GSH system. Furthermore, no ciliotoxic effect could be observed for thiolated polycarbophil. Due to these results polycarbophil- cysteine-based microparticles prepared either way seem to be a safe and promising tool in the field of nasal drug delivery
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
