198 research outputs found
C. M. Giessler: Die Gemüthsbewegungen und ihre Beherrschung. Leipzig, J. A. Barth. 1900. 68 S.
No full textC. M. GIESSLER: DIE GEMÜTHSBEWEGUNGEN UND IHRE BEHERRSCHUNG. LEIPZIG, J. A. BARTH. 1900. 68 S.
Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane (-)
Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane (28) (a0001)
C. M. Giessler: Die Gemüthsbewegungen und ihre Beherrschung. Leipzig, J. A. Barth. 1900. 68 S. (28) (p0139
C. M. Giessler: Über die Vorgänge bei der Erinnerung an Absichten. Halle, Kämmerer & Co. 1895. 32 S.
No full textC. M. GIESSLER: ÜBER DIE VORGÄNGE BEI DER ERINNERUNG AN ABSICHTEN. HALLE, KÄMMERER & CO. 1895. 32 S.
Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane (-)
Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane (11) (a0001)
C. M. Giessler: Über die Vorgänge bei der Erinnerung an Absichten. Halle, Kämmerer & Co. 1895. 32 S. (11) (p0167
A comparison of SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores in a study of patients with schizophrenia
No full textEconomic evaluations of healthcare interventions increasingly measure outcomes using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The SF-6D and the EQ-5D are alternative ways of generating utility scores for use in QALY estimations, but it is unclear which is most sensitive to change in psychiatric symptom severity. There are also limited data on the sensitivity of these measures to changes in existing clinical indicators in long-term mental health conditions like schizophrenia. To: (i) assess the relationship between SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores for patients with schizophrenia at two points in time, (ii) assess the relationship in the change scores of these two measures, (iii) measure the sensitivity of these measures to changes in an established measure of symptomatology. Patients with schizophrenia were recruited and the SF-36 and EQ-5D were administered at baseline and one-year follow-up and utility scores were computed and compared. Standardized response mean (SMR) scores were calculated for the SF-6D and EQ-5D and compared for patients who improved or deteriorated by at least 25% on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. EQ-5D ratings were available for 394 patients at baseline, 368 at follow-up and 358 at both time points. The respective figures for the SF-6D were 383, 367 and 345. Mean utility scores were very similar at baseline (EQ-5D 0.68, SF-6D 0.67) and follow-up (EQ-5D 0.71, SF-6D 0.68). Median scores were markedly higher for the EQ-5D (0.76 v 0.66 at baseline, 0.80 v 0.68 at follow-up). The SF-6D scores followed a normal distribution whilst the EQ-5D scores were negatively skewed with a clustering at 1.00. There were few differences in sensitivity to change between the EQ-5D and SF-6D. From an analytical perspective the SF-6D has advantages over the EQ-5D due to its normal distribution and lack of ceiling effect. However, both measures produce similar mean utility scores. Overall the SF-6D appears more suitable as a measure of utility in this patient group. Decisions made on the basis of cost-effectiveness results need to consider the method by which QALYs have been calculated. Further comparisons of the EQ-5D and SF-6D are require
Assessment of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The Achilles heal of adherence research
No full textPopulation structure of a microparasite infecting Daphnia: spatio-temporal dynamics
No full textBACKGROUND: Detailed knowledge of spatial and temporal variation in the genetic population structure of hosts and parasites is required for understanding of host − parasite coevolution. As hot-spots of contemporary coevolution in natural systems are difficult to detect and long-term studies are restricted to few systems, additional population genetic data from various host − parasite systems may provide important insights into the topic. This is particularly true for parasites, as these players have been under-investigated so far due to the lower availability of suitable molecular markers. Here, we traced genetic variation (based on sequence variants in the internal transcribed spacer region, ITS) among seven geographically isolated populations of the ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili, a common microparasite of the cladoceran Daphnia (here, the D. longispina hybrid complex). At three sites, we also studied parasite genetic variation over time (three to four sampling points) and tested for associations between parasite genotypes and host species. RESULTS: Parasite (and host) populations were significantly structured across space, indicating limited dispersal. Moreover, the frequency of parasite genotypes varied significantly over time, suggesting rapid evolutionary change in Caullerya. However, the distribution of parasite genotypes was similar across different host species, which might in turn have important consequences for parasite epidemiology. CONCLUSIONS: The approach proposed here can be applied to track spatial and temporal changes in the population structure of other microparasite species for which sequence variation in the ITS or other highly variable genome regions has been documented but other types of polymorphic markers are lacking. Screening of parasite sequence variants allows for reliable detection of cross-species infections and, using advanced sequencing techniques in the near future, for detailed studies of parasite evolution in natural host − parasite systems
Transmission mode affects the population genetic structure of Daphnia parasites
No full textParasite life cycle variation can shape parasite evolution, by predisposing them towards different population genetic structures. We compared the population genetic structure of two co-occurring parasite species of Daphnia, to collect evidence for their expected transmission modes. The ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili has a direct life cycle, whereas the microsporidian Berwaldia schaefernai is hypothesized to require passage through a secondary host. The parasites were collected from three geographically isolated Daphnia populations. The nucleotide variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was assessed at the within-individual, within-population and among-population levels, using amova. We detected significant partitioning at all levels, except for a lack of among-population variation in Berwaldia. This was confirmed by neighbour-joining and principal component analyses; Caullerya populations were distinct from each other, while there was much overlap among parasite isolates representing different populations of Berwaldia. This all implies a higher amount of gene flow for Berwaldia, consistent with the hypothesized transmission mode
Formal Methods in Conformance Testing: A probabilistic refinement
No full textThis paper refines the framework of ‘Formal Methods in Conformance Testing’ by introducing probabilities for concepts which have a stochastic nature. Test execution is refined into test runs, where each test run is considered as a stochastic process that returns a possible observa- tion with a certain probability. This implies that not every possible observation that could be made, will actually be made. The development process of an implementation from a specifica- tion is also viewed as a stochastic process that may result in a specific implementation with a certain probability. Together with a weight assignment on implementations this introduces a valuation measure on implementations. The test run probabilities and the valuation measures are integrated in generalized definitions of soundness and exhaustiveness, which can be used to compare test suites with respect to their ability to accept correct, and to reject erroneous implementations
Report on the standardization project “Formal methods in conformance testing”
No full textThis paper presents the latest developments in the “Formal Methods in Conformance Testing” (FMCT) project of ISO and ITU-T. The project has been initiated to study the role of formal description techniques in the conformance testing process. The goal is to develop a standard that defines the meaning of conformance in the context of formal description techniques. We give an account of the current status of FMCT in the standardization process as well as an overview of the technical status of the proposed standard. Moreover, we indicate some of its strong and weak points, and we give some directions for future work on FMCT
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