1,722,428 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identità e architettura
Full text linkAnche per l’architettura la cultura contemporanea riconosce nella questione identitaria uno dei fattori fondanti del dibattito tra posizioni. Riconoscere nell’architettura una capacità identitaria equivale ad attribuirle un valore rappresentativo del soggetto che la realizza e istintivamente siamo portati a considerarla come un valore da salvaguardare e tutelare. Tuttavia, fatti salvi i casi monumentali o iconici che impongono la conservazione filologica, il resto delle architetture, paesaggi, spazi, insiemi urbani eccetera, può considerarsi oggetto di una valorizzazione processuale che guardi all’identità come concetto dinamico, in grado di muoversi col tempo, dunque all’identità di un luogo o di un’architettura come ricerca costante e alla sua configurazione formale come concetto in divenire. La casa Malaparte sull’isola di Capri è un caso emblematico di vero e proprio transfer identitario tra il proprietario/coautore e la casa stessa. Ma la questione identitaria, nelle stesse parole di Curzio Malaparte, sembra avvalorarsi nella diluizione dell’autorialità individuale in quella collettiva. Malaparte è cosciente di quanto la sua casa sia autenticamente legata ai caratteri identitari dell’architettura locale. In seguito, in ambito critico nazionale e internazionale, il suo tratto identitario si estende dal soggetto individuale ai nostri caratteri nazionali. Molti infatti l'hanno identificata come un prodotto eminente dell’architettura moderna italiana in grado di ricondurre il modo di progettare e di costruire nell’alveo di un rapporto tra un’architettura e il luogo geografico e storico. Esempio di come sia possibile declinare la modernità in chiave locale e specifica, distaccandosi dalla tensione universalistica della stessa modernità. La ricerca e il dibattito del secondo dopoguerra riconoscono nel continuismo storico e nel radicamento geografico, il senso profondo di una correzione di ottica dell’architettura. Assumono un valore di riferimento le forme ormai acquisite e indiscutibili della tradizione ovvero dell’inerzia culturale dell’uomo, che condiziona il persistere delle forme oltre le stesse ragioni che le hanno determinate. Si susseguono iniziative di ricerca che approfondiscono la conoscenza dei caratteri tipologici e formali delle architetture storiche delle diverse circostanze geografiche. A testimonianza di un sentire diffuso e prolungato, si possono citare la mostra ideata e curata da Pagano e Daniel per la VI Triennale di Milano del 1936, l’Inquérito sull’architettura popolare portoghese negli anni 1955-61, la mostra sull’architettura anonima di Bernard Rudofsky al MoMa di New York del 1964 e la stessa ricerca portata avanti e pubblicata nel 1979 da Aldo Rossi con Max Bosshard e Eraldo Consolascio sull’architettura tradizionale del Canton Ticino. Nel secondo dopoguerra si determina dunque una condizione culturale di generale immedesimazione della questione dell’identità collettiva con la tradizione e con le tracce della storia, che sfocia nelle posizioni del postmodernismo internazionale in cui la critica al modernismo viene condotta principalmente in nome di una rivendicazione di identità della forma architettonica, di un linguaggio caratterizzato, in opposizione all’universalismo dello stile internazionale. Tuttavia in contemporanea con il fenomeno del postmodern, che invade la scena del mondo occidentale negli anni ’80 producendo stilemi e atteggiamenti storicistici universalmente spendibili, uno dei filoni teorici alla ricerca di una via di uscita alla crisi della modernità in architettura, rintraccia nei caratteri del contesto geografico e culturale delle diverse regioni del mondo occidentale, il principale spunto di riscatto della nuova architettura di fine secolo, interpretando in forma progressiva l’ancoraggio al luogo e alla tradizione. In questo filone si inserisce senz’altro il progetto di Álvaro Siza per la ricostruzione del quartiere di Chiado a Lisbona riconosce nel rispetto del ritmo lento dell’evoluzione della città, le ragioni di un progetto di recupero che disdegna i gesti eclatanti e individualistici in favore dell’accettazione e valorizzazione di una storia del luogo radicata e collettivamente condivisa.For architecture too, contemporary culture recognises the question of identity as one of the founding factors in the debate between positions.
Recognising in architecture an identitarian capacity is equivalent to attributing to it a representative value of the subject that realises it, and instinctively we are led to consider it as a value to be safeguarded and protected. However, with the exception of monumental or iconic cases that impose philological conservation, the rest of architecture, landscapes, spaces, urban ensembles, etc., can be considered the object of a processual valorisation that looks at identity as a dynamic concept, capable of moving with time, thus at the identity of a place or an architecture as a constant quest and its formal configuration as a concept in the making.
The Malaparte house on the island of Capri is an emblematic case of a real transfer of identity between the owner/co-author and the house itself. But the question of identity, in Curzio Malaparte's own words, seems to be corroborated in the dilution of individual authorship into collective authorship. Malaparte is aware of how much his house is authentically linked to the identity characteristics of local architecture. Later, in national and international critical circles, its identity trait is extended from the individual subject to our national characters. In fact, many have identified it as an eminent product of modern Italian architecture capable of bringing the way of designing and building back into the framework of a relationship between an architecture and its geographical and historical place. An example of how modernity can be declined in a local and specific key, detaching itself from the universalistic tension of modernity itself.
Post-World War II research and debate recognise in historical continuism and geographical rootedness, the profound sense of a correction of architecture's perspective. The now acquired and unquestionable forms of tradition or man's cultural inertia, which conditions the persistence of forms beyond the very reasons that determined them, take on a reference value.
There is a succession of research initiatives that deepen our knowledge of the typological and formal characteristics of historical architecture in different geographical circumstances. As evidence of a widespread and prolonged feeling, we can cite the exhibition conceived and curated by Pagano and Daniel for the VI Milan Triennale in 1936, the Inquérito on popular Portuguese architecture in the years 1955-61, Bernard Rudofsky's exhibition on anonymous architecture at the MoMa in New York in 1964 and the same research carried out and published in 1979 by Aldo Rossi with Max Bosshard and Eraldo Consolascio on the traditional architecture of Canton Ticino.
In the post-World War II period, a cultural condition of general identification of the question of collective identity with tradition and the traces of history was thus determined, resulting in the positions of international postmodernism in which the criticism of modernism was conducted mainly in the name of a claim to the identity of architectural form, of a characterised language, in opposition to the universalism of the international style. However, at the same time as the phenomenon of post-modernism, which invaded the scene of the western world in the 1980s, producing universally expendable stylistic and historicist attitudes, one of the theoretical strands in search of a way out of the crisis of modernity in architecture, traced the characteristics of the geographical and cultural context of the various regions of the western world as the main point of redemption of the new architecture of the end of the century, interpreting the anchorage to place and tradition in a progressive form.
Álvaro Siza's project for the reconstruction of the Chiado district in Lisbon undoubtedly fits into this vein, recognising in the respect of the slow rhythm of the city's evolution, the reasons for a recovery project that disdains striking and individualistic gestures in favour of the acceptance and valorisation of a rooted and collectively shared history of the place
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Grid Technology for Computational Electromagnetics: a Beginner's Guide with Applications
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