1,720,996 research outputs found
Cosmic space as a Key for creative design. How industrial design in cosmic space is useful to exemplify an innovative methodology for design process in education
No full textThis paper take advantage to the experience of the author in design for space (with the meaning of cosmic space) working for astronauts with the aim to improve the comfort and the wellbeing of the crew onboard the International Space Station. The cosmic space has two specific peculiarities that determines the nature of the design approach: the confined environment and the microgravity conditions. Industrial design is fundamental for human space programs because is dedicated to understand environment requirements and users and their needs, to find innovative solutions for product, equipments and tools to make easier human performance onboard and to increase living and working in space in comfortable and efficiently way. This reason is a extraordinary opportunity to involve the students to participate in a design process that consider a context completely new as the cosmic space which foresees the possibility to explore the reality with others point of views and with different relations between the environment and the human being. The task of industrial design in cosmic space is to facilitate human movement and activities foreseeing new ways of using tools and new gestures in relation to the extraordinary conditions of the environment. The “design of use and gesture” proposed from the author is one of the greatest difference between designing for earth projects and for space projects lies in a great attention that must be paid to human movement, to design in compliance with use and gestures, together with the design of object itself, which must be based on forecast use and on the simulation of the results. This study intends to demonstrate that some strategies which belong to the industrial design for cosmic space can be transferred into a new design methodology for education sharing with students the principles that produce a “good design” considering parameters which are so far to the normal context that we are living on earth
Rethinking the design of care looking at outer space. How art and design role can improve the living condition of hypersensitive people and the whole society
No full textSpaces and their views are changing. The perception of physical and mental well-being is also shifting, especially because of the pandemic. We are experiencing a transitional time where new needs and requirements emerge, affecting human behaviour and the space definition at the macro and micro levels. New dynamics and perceptions are recognized, leading architects and designers to focus on studying and applying innovative methods. The book explores the radical transformation of living and working spaces, in which the hybridization of interior and exterior requires a new vision able to interpret renewed people’s behaviours and needs, a challenging issue for the design discipline that has a multidisciplinary nature as well as a multiscale approach for both research and practice. Many examples today demonstrate the importance of the therapeutic contribution of architecture and design, to redevelop places of hospitality and care, and create environments in which there is a deep harmony of space, light, and beauty. The interest in research concerning the quality of life has also increased a lot of studies on the complex question of the environmental perception and the importance of natural stimuli for health in interiors, in which the physiological effects of light and colour are fundamental to balance the of human beings’ equilibrium. In the book, we present testimonies of international researchers and designers who propose disruptive scenarios and methodologies to improve wellbeing and mental health conditions overall life quality at the urban and personal living level through several examples: the city and the relations with the environment, commercial and hospitality areas, personal spaces, as well as outer space, in microgravity and confined environment, where the astronauts’ experience living in confined environments can be compared to the domestic space and office interiors. Our ambition is to re-launch an aesthetic, sustainable, design-based approach to improve dwelling conditions, trying to implement care into different well-being dimensions – mental, physical, social, and global – looking at the new people’s behaviours, or even, generating new behaviours, through design
Space design learning. An innovative approach of space education through design
Full text linkThe reason why the contribution of Space Design becomes important today is due to the interest of space agencies to attract the private sector in space exploration, build multidisciplinary relationships and generate new business. In this context the design approach can be a powerful engine for the space economy able to translate space inspiration into new products involving both Space and non-Space industries. In this paper is presented a new program in space education and outreach focussed on the emerging area of Space Design - led by the authors at the Design School of Politecnico di Milano and supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) - with the aim to bring the young generations closer to the Space, educate professionals with a multidisciplinary attitude capable to deal with emerging technologies and future scenarios, create new cultural and business models crossing knowhow and research, explore and expand alternative design solutions, both in Space and on Earth. The idea of creating a Space Design discipline was born of conviction that Space innovation will have a strong influence on how people behave and perform. Considering that the principal task of a designer is to anticipate future scenarios, the opportunity to look at Space can really inspire students and help them to understand better how to become more conscious of the transformation technology brings. Moreover Space Design courses are an unique opportunity to develop a powerful capacity of visioning moving into one of the most innovative areas of knowledge and technology that could help people to increase the quality of life. The program includes different Space Design courses developed during 2016, 2017 and 2018 that will be described as innovative didactics & research case studies in which teaching and practice are strongly interconnected. The unusual and extraordinary environment offers the designers the chance to increase their creativity thinking outof- the-box (like astronauts experience looking at the Earth from another point of view) and the ability to imagine and design new objects, tools and environments starting from a perspective completely unknown. Describing the case studies, the emphasis will be placed on evaluating the learning outcomes of the Space Design program considering both expected goals and design methodologies applied to the design process
Designing behaviours for well-being spaces. How disruptive approaches can improve living conditions
Full text linkSpaces and their views are changing. The perception of physical and mental well-being is also shifting, especially because of the pandemic. We are experiencing a transitional time where new needs and requirements emerge, affecting human behaviour and the space definition at the macro and micro levels. New dynamics and perceptions are recognized, leading architects and designers to focus on studying and applying innovative methods.
The book explores the radical transformation of living and working spaces, in which the hybridization of interior and exterior requires a new vision able to interpret renewed people’s behaviours and needs, a challenging issue for the design discipline that has a multidisciplinary nature as well as a multiscale approach for both research and practice.
Many examples today demonstrate the importance of the therapeutic contribution of architecture and design, to redevelop places of hospitality and care, and create environments in which there is a deep harmony of space, light, and beauty. The interest in research concerning the quality of life has also increased a lot of studies on the complex question of the environmental perception and the importance of natural stimuli for health in interiors, in which the physiological effects of light and colour are fundamental to balance the of human beings’ equilibrium.
In the book, we present testimonies of international researchers and designers who propose disruptive scenarios and methodologies to improve wellbeing and mental health conditions overall life quality at the urban and personal living level through several examples: the city and the relations with the environment, commercial and hospitality areas, personal spaces, as well as outer space, in microgravity and confined environment, where the astronauts’ experience living in confined environments can be compared to the domestic space and office interiors.
Our ambition is to re-launch an aesthetic, sustainable, design-based approach to improve dwelling conditions, trying to implement care into different well-being dimensions – mental, physical, social, and global – looking at the new people’s behaviours, or even, generating new behaviours, through desig
DISTANCE LEARNING DURING A PANDEMIA. HOW TO MAINTAIN AN ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACH: THE CASE STUDY OF SPACE4INSPIRACTION COURSE
No full textIn this paper we describe our new teaching experience with the immediate conversion of the traditional frontal to distance learning system due to COVID–19 pandemia, the world event which is changing lives. For us, starting the curricular course “Space4InspirAction” at the second semester with this new distance learning modalities it has been a surprising occasion to experiment new technologies, new ways of teaching, and also, to reflect on new behaviors and needs which are arising both from the students and from our side.
The Space4InspirAction (S4I) course – created and led by us in 2017 inside the Master of Science in Integrated Product Design, School of Design, Politecnico di Milano – is the 1st and unique course of “Space Design” in the world recognized and supported by the European Space Agency (ESA), through experts and scientists who suggest and then deepen the project themes in line with the objectives of the Space agencies’ strategic programs. The collaboration with ESA is focused on a “teaching - research – design” mix to generate disruptive ideas and visions for habitability in Space, with particular attention to human factors and interactions between operator, tools and environment.
Space allows students to develop creativity through intense visioning activities to face a confined and microgravity environment, that is not part of our common experience. We believe Space innovations will have a strong influence on how people behave and perform, and the role of design is to humanize technology to meet the needs of a sustainable society. We also believe Space can really inspire students and help them to understand better how they can be more conscious of the transformation technology brings.
There are some specificities of Space Design that makes this discipline an interesting testing ground for the development of distance learning during a pandemic: astronauts live in a confined environment that brings lack of privacy, deprivation of natural stimuli and sometimes depression or nervousness for the impossibility of getting out that is close to the situation of us and our students living in their houses, maybe without a personal space in which to work or relax. In this condition, students are able to
understand better their “users” to design new products which satisfy all physiological and psychological requirements.
From the methodology point of view, applying Active Learning approach that usually is created for teaching in presence requires the integration of new applications, tutorials, virtual tools in which we have to balance positive and negative aspects, technological failures, as incompatibility of hardware and software, with personal requirements and conditions as students coming from many countries with different time zones.
Many questions emerge.
- How to plan classwork using virtual spaces, technology, and teaching approaches coherently?
- Which activities can we translate in virtual modality?
- What is the impact of a pandemic on the pedagogical objectives?
The aim is to stimulate a reflection and a change of perspective to mean the Course S4I is like a living organism, as the International Space Station is, a learning experience developed by a network of people in which all the actors collaborate to design the experience
Color and lighting in the new healthy domestic landscape
No full textIn the last 200 years, a radical transformation of society has taken place, the Industrial Revolution. People’s activities have been transformed with mass migration from the countryside to urban centers and the development of industrialized societies. In a few generations, humans shifted from a life spent working in the countryside open air to one mainly in closed environments, with little natural light and subjected to artificial light. Observing this radical change in living environments that took place over a few generations, in this chapter, we address the complex question of the physiological effects of light and color in interiors on the health of human beings, which have been scientifically proven in the last twenty years. Besides, the risks and benefits to health arising from non-image- forming (NIF) effects of light are highlighted, and the limitations of light and color design in indoor environments compared to outdoor environments. Even though extensive neurophysiological research has demonstrated the importance of proper NIF management for human health, this is virtually absent in the design practice. Concerning these physiological effects, we also introduce the application implications that this scientific innovation is starting to have on the design methodology of residential interior design, in the delicate balance between natural light, artificial lighting, and colors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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