1,721,223 research outputs found
Cesarean section trend: A 10-year review of incidence, indications and risk in a university hospital
No full textObjective: To evaluate the existence of a trend in incidence and indications for cesarean section (CS) and changes in maternal and feto- neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: Between 1981 and 1990, 1,395 of 8,695 pregnant women underwent a CS in our department. For each woman the following data were recorded: gestational age at delivery, indications for CS, maternal infectious morbidity, perinatal mortality, neonatal neurologic morbidity. Results: The CS rate increased steadily from 13.7% in 1981 to 20.8% in 1990, showing a significant trend. Among indications a significant contribution to the increasing rate was shown for previous scar. No maternal death occurred during the period examined. Maternal infectious morbidity was recorded in 3.9% of the patients. No correlation was shown between the CS rate and that of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusions: Although CS in our institution proved to be a safe intervention, concern is growing about the increasing rate of CS. While the advantages of this increase for both mother and fetus remain to be proved, programs to lower the CS rate need to be implemented with special reference to repeated CS which most contributed, in our experience, to the increasing CS rate
Epidemiology of gastric cancer and screening programs
No full textDespite a major decline in incidence and mortality, gastric cancer is still detected in around one million people every year and accounts for over 700,000 deaths, representing 8% of all cancer cases and 9.7% of all cancer deaths. The incidence is about twice as high in men as in women. In 2008, 60% of new cases occurred in Eastern Asia: 464,439 in China, 102,040 in Japan, and 27098 in South Korea. By comparison, new cases recorded in the European Union as a whole and throughout the United States were 83,120 and 21,499, respectively. High-incidence areas are East Asia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Pacific coast of South and Central America, while low-incidence areas are Western Europe, North America, Africa, and Australia. Likewise age-adjusted mortality is the highest in South Korea (30.7 and 11.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, in men and women in 2004) and the lowest in the USA (3.2 and 1.6 respectively). In Western countries, the decrease in the incidence of non-cardia gastric cancers parallels a concomitant increase in the incidence of gastric cardia cancer. Screening programs for gastric cancer are currently ongoing in Japan and South Korea. Two-thirds of Japanese patients survive beyond 5 years, while in Europe 5-year survival does not exceed 25%
Management of triple negative breast cancer
No full textTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases. TNBC is an immunohistochemically defined subtype, with significant diversity within the subtype. Generally TNBC occurs in younger women and is marked by high rates of relapse, visceral and CNS metastases, and early death. Current therapy fails to curtail the innate aggressive behaviour of TNBC in the majority of patients. The poor prognosis coupled with a lack of targeted use of therapies is reflected in the high mortality. In a minority of patients with highly chemosensitive disease, no robust clinical evidence exists to guide use of current cytotoxics. Critical to optimal future management are accurate identification of truly triple negative disease and adequately powered prospective TNBC trials to establish treatment efficacy and define predictive biomarkers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Masonry Walls under Shear Test: a CM Modeling
No full textIn this study, the Cell Method (CM) is applied in order to investigate the failure mechanisms of masonry walls under shear force. The direction of propagation is computed step-wise by the code, and the domain is updated by means of a propagation technique of intra-element nodal relaxation with re-meshing. The crack extension condition is studied in the Mohr/Coulomb plane, using the criterion of Leon. The main advantage of using the CM for numerical analyses of masonry is that the mortar, the bricks and the interfaces between mortar and bricks can be modeled without any need to use homogenization techniques, simply providing each of them with their own constitutive properties. The capability of the CM to handle domains with more than one material is exploited to capture how the propagation direction changes when the crack over-come the joints or passes from the brick to the interface and to the mortar. Also, the principal stresses and principal directions of stress are mapped for the bricks, the interfaces and the mortar. In comparison with those presented in Ferretti (2003) and Ferretti (2004a), the computational capabilities of the CM code have been improved considerably. Actually, a new version of the CM code has been implemented, which is able to self-compute the position of crack initiation and manage several cracks propagating at the same time. This al-lows us not to impose the number and the position of crack initiations a-priori, letting the code estimate them as the imposed displacement is increased. Interactions between propagating cracks are simply taken into account by the code, leading to modification of the failure direction or to crack arrest as soon as a new crack acti-vates. The code is also able to self-estimate whether or not one or more cracks bifurcate and to follow the propagation of each branch of bifurcation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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