1,721,747 research outputs found
Architettura e salute. Abitare i luoghi della cura.
No full textL’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità definisce la salute come “uno stato di completo benessere fisico, mentale e sociale e non la semplice assenza di malattia o infermità”. La definizione porta con sé l’idea che la salute non sia uno stato immutabile, bensì una condizione dinamica di equilibrio fondata sulla capacità del soggetto di interagire in modo positivo con l’ambiente che lo circonda. Questa definizione può sembrare, con gli occhi dell’uomo contemporaneo, la più ovvia. Tuttavia, bisogna dare atto che il riconoscimento del concetto di salute, espresso in queste poche righe, sia il frutto di un processo di assimilazione molto più ampio di quello che sembra.
Nel corso della storia le dottrine mediche hanno elaborato differenti soluzioni a questioni riguardanti la salute. Tra queste, alcune hanno interessato il mondo dello spazio costruito con risultati non sempre totalmente efficaci. Le contingenze dettate dalla assenza di caratteri scientifici nella disciplina medica hanno così portato le società alla risoluzione di problemi sanitari attraverso una dimensione costruttiva.
Obiettivo principale di questa ricerca è quello di dimostrare l’esistenza di un nesso tra la forma costruita dello spazio ed il benessere fisico dell’individuo e di definirne la natura. Questo studio si propone inoltre di indagare l’evoluzione del rapporto tra lo spazio costruito ed il concetto di salute, al fine di cercare di descrivere ciò che questo rapporto è diventato nella contemporaneità. In particolare, l’interesse di questa ricerca è rivolto alla interpretazione del fenomeno dell’edilizia per la salute ed alla definizione di una chiave di lettura per questi spazi che possa costituirsi come un utile strumento al progetto dei nuovi luoghi della cura.
Per far questo, nel testo si presenteranno alcune definizioni paradigmatiche all’interno dell’ambito della sanità: ossia il concetto di cura, di benessere e quello di salute.
Successivamente, si passerà ad esaminare il rapporto tra lo spazio costruito e la cura, analizzando tre casi emblematici che hanno comportato la nascita di altrettanti paradigmi architettonici: la peste ed il lazzaretto, la tubercolosi e il sanatorio, la follia e il manicomio.
Nella seconda parte dell’elaborato si esaminerà l’orizzonte odierno, individuando, attraverso la ricognizione di fattori demografici, normativi e clinici, quali sono le nuove emergenze sanitarie: ossia l’invecchiamento della popolazione, le demenze senili e la malattia di Alzheimer.
Infine, nell’ultima parte, si procederà con la descrizione del fenomeno edilizio relativo alle residenze ed ai centri di assistenza per l’Alzheimer.
La metodologia di studio, si basa sulla ricognizione della realtà costruita e sulla selezione di casi studio che possano descrivere in maniera esaustiva i fenomeni. Il principale strumento che si utilizzerà sarà quello del ridisegno, effettuato principalmente attraverso la consultazione di fonti bibliografiche e archivistiche, che si dimostra una tappa necessaria allo studio comparativo degli edifici riportati.
La costruzione di quadri sinottici consentirà infatti di effettuare una comparazione omogenea tra le realtà costruite, e permetterà una chiara leggibilità delle parti costitutive individuate degli organismi edilizi.
L’analisi effettuata verrà condotta considerando lo stretto rapporto tra le componenti percettive e protesiche dello spazio in relazione alle differenti scale di rappresentazione: quella dell’inserimento territoriale, quella dell’organismo edilizio, quella degli elementi costitutivi. Il metodo di analisi che sarà applicato si basa sul ridisegno critico dei casi selezionati e sulla comparazione degli stessi riportati alla medesima scala di rappresentazione. In questo modo si cercherà di tradurre dalle forme alcune delle leggi morfologico-compositive del fenomeno edilizio al fine di costituire uno strumento utile alla lettura degli spazi ed alle successive applicazioni progettuali.The World Health Organization describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not the mere absence of disease or infirmity”. From this point of view, the health is defined as a dynamic condition of equilibrium based on the person’s ability to interact positively with the environment around him rather than an immutable state. Despite this may seem the most obvious definition of health, through a contemporary view, this idea is the result of a much broader assimilation process.
Throughout history, medical doctrines have developed different solutions to health issues. Among these, some have affected the built space with results not always totally effective. The contingencies dictated by the absence of scientific approach to medical disciplines have led societies to resolve health problems through constructions.
The main aim of this research is to demonstrate the existence of a connection between the built form of space and the physical well-being of persons, and to define this nature. The study also aims to investigate the evolution of the relationship between built space and the concept of health, in order to try to describe what this relationship has become in the contemporary world.
In particular, the interest of this research is aimed at the interpretation of the phenomenon of construction for health and the codification of a reading key for these spaces that could constitute a useful tool for the design of new places of care.
In order to do this, the text will present some paradigmatic definitions within the field of healthcare: care, well-being and health.
Subsequently, it will examine the relationship between built space and care, analyzing three cases which led to the birth of architectural paradigms: the plague and the hospital, tuberculosis and the sanatorium, madness and the mental hospital.
In the second part of the text, today's horizon will be examined identifing new health emergencies, through the recognition of demographic, normative and clinical factors: aging of the population, senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
In the last part, the research will continue with the description of the building phenomenon relating to residences and care centers for Alzheimer's.
The study methodology is based on the recognition of the constructed reality and the selection of case studies that can comprehensively describe the phenomena.
To do this the main tool used will be that of redesign, carried out mainly through the consultation of bibliographic and archival sources, which proves to be a necessary step in the comparative study of the reported buildings.
The construction of synoptic tables will allow an homogeneous comparison between the built realities, and a clear readability of the identified constituent parts of the building organisms.
The analysis will be carried out considering the close relationship between the perceptive and prosthetic components of the space in relation to the different scales of representation: territorial insertion, building organism, constituent elements. The analysis method that will be applied is based on the critical redesign of the selected cases and on the comparison at the same scale of representation. In this way, the text will try to translate from the building shapes some of the morphological-compositional laws of the building phenomenon in order to constitute a useful tool for reading spaces and subsequent design applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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