1,721,062 research outputs found
Smart, Resilient, and Transition Cities: Commonalities, Peculiarities and Hints for Future Approaches
No full textThe chapter discusses commonalities and peculiarities of the three Urban Metaphors presented in the previous chapters of this book: Smart City, Resilient City and Transition Towns, exploring meanwhile the potential for strengthening their synergies to promote integrated approaches to climate issues.
In the last decade, these Metaphors have gained, indeed, a growing attention by planners and decision-makers since all of them, although by different perspectives, aim at empowering cities in the face of the more and more interconnected challenges currently threatening them as well of the growing uncertainties arising from the ways that natural and human systems will develop and interact in the next future. In detail, in this chapter after a brief overview of the three Metaphors, we will focus on their commonalities and peculiarities, with the aim to better understand their respective roles in supporting climate strategies as well their potential synergies and conflicting aspects
Future Perspectives: Key Principles for a Climate Sensitive Urban Development
No full textThe chapter, based on the lessons learnt from both the theoretical debate and the numerous initiatives that all over the world have been undertaken policies and measures to counterbalance climate change, lists some principles which are crucial to reframe current approaches to climate issues as well as to overcome barriers and criticalities arising from policies and actions so far carried out both at large and local scale. These key principles should better guide planners and decision-makers in: promoting cross-sectoral strategies and measures to counterbalance climate change; enhancing the capacity to take into account synergies and trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures; sustaining a long-term perspective in the face of climate issues; favoring the mutual capacitation and contamination among different actors and stakeholders as well as among institutional and community-led climate strategies/initiatives; in one, in building up effective climate sensitive urban development processes
Drawing Lessons From Experience
No full textIn this chapter, strengths and weaknesses of institutional and ‘transition’ initiatives/practices examined in previous sections of this book will be discussed, shedding light on what we can learn from current experiences. In detail, the first paragraph will focus on large scale climate strategies presented in section 2, outlining the different approaches to climate issues, the weights assigned to mitigation and adaptation policies and, above, all the main barriers hindering their effectiveness. The second and third paragraphs will focus on the case studies presented respectively in section 3 and 4. In detail, strengths and weaknesses of the examined case studies will be presented according to different research issues: the role of the three considered urban metaphors (Smart City, Resilient City, Transition Towns) in framing/supporting current practices; the present level of integration among mitigation and adaptation practices; the capacity to mainstream mitigation and adaptation practices into urban planning processes; the emerging governance models and, above all, the factors currently hindering the cities’ paths towards effective climate policies
The American Approach to Climate Change: a general overview and a focus on the Northern and Artic Regions
No full textWith the beginning of the Donald Trump presidency in the United States (January 2017), the framework of international climate change policy has had a complete reversal of its path, with great controversy within the United States itself. The consequences of this orientation will have a global reverberation—from a political point of view, on maintaining commitments from other states; and from a climatic point of view, with the rise of global temperatures, the change of many ecosystems, and the difficulty in accessing food and water for many populations. That situation affects in particular the indigenous communities of Alaska, which have inhabited the Arctic forests for millennia. Here heating is faster, the Arctic ice is retreating rapidly, and the coastal communities are in serious and growing danger. This chapter deals with an overview of the American policy on climate change and in particular its consequences on the Arctic region, with references to current and potential response strategies
A. Dibenedetto, A. Angelini, A. Colucci, L. di Bitonto, C. Pastore, B. M. Aresta, C. Giannini, R. Comparelli
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
[ECO]systems of Resilience Practices: Contributions for Sustainability and Climate Change Adaptation
No full textEcosystems of Resilience Practices: Contributions for Sustainability and Climate Change Adaptation focuses on resilience in action by exploring and providing approaches, perspectives, toolboxes, and theoretical discourses for the improvement and enhancement of territorial and community resilience practices towards sustainability and climate change mitigation/adaptation. The book develops a set of tools and design criteria to support the dissemination of resilience practices. This new toolset will support the expansion and reinforcement of resilience practices and the building of solutions related to climate change. The book is divided into three sections: Section one investigates the contribution this kind of resilience approach could have on sustainable development goals as related to climate change. It also includes other environmental challenges such as ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change. Chapters dedicated to exploring the issues for a renovated governance of territorial transformation processes are included. Section two focuses on the eco-systems of resilience practices characterization, including discourses on international networking of transitions initiatives. Section three presents operative guidelines, instruments, and proposals for the resilience practices "stabilization," "blooming," and "up scaling," aiming at a more effective and consistent contribution of resilience practices in reaching sustainability, adaptation goals, and scenarios at local and global scales. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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