175 research outputs found
Evaluation of 3-hydroxy fatty acids as a pH and temperature proxy in soils from temperate and tropical altitudinal gradients
No full textThree hydroxy (3-OH) fatty acids (FAs), containing 10 to 18 C and a hydroxyl group in third position are characteristic components of Gram-negative bacteria. These compounds were used previously to detect and quantify Gram-negative bacterial communities in various types of samples, from terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments. The relative abundance of 3-OH FAs in soils was recently shown to vary with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and pH in soils from Mt. Shennongjia (China). In the current study, the concentrations and abundances of 3-OH FAs were determined in soils from altitudinal transects under tropical and temperate climates: Mt. Rungwe (SW Tanzania) and Mt. Majella (Central Italy), respectively. The aim was to (i) examine and compare the distributions of 3-OH FAs in soils from different climatic zones and (ii) to investigate the potential of 3-OH FAs as temperature and pH proxies. When combined with previously published data, a moderate correlation (R 2 0.62) between the summed iso and anteiso to the total amount of normal 3-OH FAs (RIAN index) and pH was obtained. We show that Gram-negative bacteria respond in the same way to temperature variations in soils from different latitudes, with a relative increase of the anteiso to normal 3-OH FA ratios of the C 15 and C 17 compounds (RAN 15 and RAN 17 indices, respectively) with decreasing temperature. Nevertheless, the intercepts of the relationships between RAN 15 and MAAT are mountain-dependent, suggesting that regional calibrations may be required to use RAN 15 as a temperature proxy. In contrast with RAN 15 , the statistical similarity of the local relationships between RAN 17 and MAAT leads to a combined calibration (R 2 0.60, residual mean error 5.1 °C) covering a wide range of temperature (ca. 0–25 °C). As 3-OH FAs seem well-preserved in sedimentary archives, this strengthens the potential of these compounds as a temperature and pH proxy for paleoreconstructions in terrestrial settings
Stress testing French banks' income subcomponents
No full textUsing a broad dataset of individual consolidated data of French banks over the period 1993-2007, we seek to evaluate the sensitivity to adverse macroeconomic scenarios of the three main sources of banking income, namely interest margins, fees and commissions, and trading income. First, we show that the determinants of banking income subcomponents are highly specific: whereas interest rates spread plays a significant role in determining net interest income, stock market measures are significant determinants of trading income. GDP growth impacts significantly on fees and commissions. Second, our macroeconomic stress testing exercises tend to show that fees and commission and to a lesser extent trading incomes are much more sensitive to some adverse macroeconomic shocks than interest income. This could support the view that income diversification is associated with higher banking revenue resilience.Banking income , Interest margins , Fees and commissions , Trading income , Dynamic panel estimation.
Implementation of a consumer-centric digital strategy for Bioderma Ireland
No full textThis Master’s thesis consists of an in-company project in cooperation with Bioderma and more specifically with Bioderma Ireland, where the author is currently working as a Digital Project Manager.
Recommended by dermatologists, known by customers all over the world, Bioderma is one of the leaders in the dermo-cosmetics market and the creator of the first Micellar Water: Sensibio H2O. This year of 2020 is the 25th anniversary of Sensibio H2O, the best seller of Bioderma in many countries, including Ireland. This product has an opportunity to become the leader of its category but the emotional dimension is still missing to create links and attachment with customers.
The 25th anniversary of Sensibio H2O is an occasion to develop a new digital campaign that will help the brand to create this emotional link and product attachment. This campaign will be developed and implemented in different countries were Bioderma is presented but this study will focus on the adaptation and implementation of the campaign in Ireland. A literature review was made to understand the key concepts such as storytelling, content marketing and social media marketing and justify their importance in the new strategy. The external analysis of Bioderma competitors in Ireland, of the Irish market and consumers behavior, allowed the identification of the brand’s main opportunities and threats in Ireland. The internal analysis of Bioderma Ireland permitted to better understand the brand, its current marketing strategy and highlight the brand’s strengths and weaknesses.
Today, the proportion of people with sensitive skin is increasing in the world and in Ireland. Bioderma has a product that can help these people: the Sensibio H2O. In a very competitive market, the brand has to stand out from the competitors and work on developing the emotional dimension that is missing. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new emotional consumer-centric strategy that will help taking advantage of the increase of sensitive skin in Ireland.Esta tese de mestrado consiste num projeto real, em cooperação com a Bioderma e, mais especificamente, com a Bioderma Irlanda, onde a autora trabalha atualmente como Digital Project Manager.
Recomendado por dermatologistas, conhecidos por clientes em todo o mundo, a Bioderma é uma das marcas líderes no mercado da dermocosmética e criou a primeira Água Micelar: Sensibio H2O. No presente ano de 2020 comemora-se o 25º aniversário do Sensibio H2O, o bestseller da Bioderma em muitos países, incluindo a Irlanda. Este produto tem a oportunidade de solidificar a liderança na categoria, mas ainda lhe falta a dimensão emocional para criar vínculos e ligação aos clientes.
O 25º aniversário do Sensibio H2O é o momento escolhido para desenvolver uma campanha que ajudará a marca a criar esse vínculo emocional e ligação ao produto. Esta campanha será desenvolvida e implementada em diferentes países onde a Bioderma atua, mas este estudo irá concentrar-se na implementação da campanha na Irlanda. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de entender os principais conceitos, como storytelling, marketing de conteúdos e marketing nas redes sociais e aferir a sua relevância na estratégia pretendida. A análise externa dos concorrentes da Bioderma na Irlanda, do mercado irlandês e do comportamento dos consumidores, permitiu identificar as principais oportunidades e ameaças da marca na Irlanda. A análise interna da Bioderma Irlanda permitiu conhecer melhor a marca, a sua estratégia de marketing atual e destacar os seus pontos fortes e fracos.
Hoje, o número de pessoas com pele sensível está a aumentar no mundo e na Irlanda. A Bioderma, uma marca conhecida e recomendada por dermatologistas em todo o mundo, possui um produto que pode ajudar essas pessoas: o Sensibio H2O. Num mercado muito competitivo, a marca precisa de se destacar dos concorrentes, através do desenvolvimento de uma dimensão emocional que lhe falta. O objetivo desta tese é propor uma nova estratégia emocional, centrada no consumidor, que ajudará a marca a tirar proveito do aumento da pele sensível na Irlanda
Implementation of a consumer-centric digital strategy for Bioderma Ireland
No full textThis Master’s thesis consists of an in-company project in cooperation with Bioderma and more specifically with Bioderma Ireland, where the author is currently working as a Digital Project Manager.
Recommended by dermatologists, known by customers all over the world, Bioderma is one of the leaders in the dermo-cosmetics market and the creator of the first Micellar Water: Sensibio H2O. This year of 2020 is the 25th anniversary of Sensibio H2O, the best seller of Bioderma in many countries, including Ireland. This product has an opportunity to become the leader of its category but the emotional dimension is still missing to create links and attachment with customers.
The 25th anniversary of Sensibio H2O is an occasion to develop a new digital campaign that will help the brand to create this emotional link and product attachment. This campaign will be developed and implemented in different countries were Bioderma is presented but this study will focus on the adaptation and implementation of the campaign in Ireland. A literature review was made to understand the key concepts such as storytelling, content marketing and social media marketing and justify their importance in the new strategy. The external analysis of Bioderma competitors in Ireland, of the Irish market and consumers behavior, allowed the identification of the brand’s main opportunities and threats in Ireland. The internal analysis of Bioderma Ireland permitted to better understand the brand, its current marketing strategy and highlight the brand’s strengths and weaknesses.
Today, the proportion of people with sensitive skin is increasing in the world and in Ireland. Bioderma has a product that can help these people: the Sensibio H2O. In a very competitive market, the brand has to stand out from the competitors and work on developing the emotional dimension that is missing. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new emotional consumer-centric strategy that will help taking advantage of the increase of sensitive skin in Ireland.Esta tese de mestrado consiste num projeto real, em cooperação com a Bioderma e, mais especificamente, com a Bioderma Irlanda, onde a autora trabalha atualmente como Digital Project Manager.
Recomendado por dermatologistas, conhecidos por clientes em todo o mundo, a Bioderma é uma das marcas líderes no mercado da dermocosmética e criou a primeira Água Micelar: Sensibio H2O. No presente ano de 2020 comemora-se o 25º aniversário do Sensibio H2O, o bestseller da Bioderma em muitos países, incluindo a Irlanda. Este produto tem a oportunidade de solidificar a liderança na categoria, mas ainda lhe falta a dimensão emocional para criar vínculos e ligação aos clientes.
O 25º aniversário do Sensibio H2O é o momento escolhido para desenvolver uma campanha que ajudará a marca a criar esse vínculo emocional e ligação ao produto. Esta campanha será desenvolvida e implementada em diferentes países onde a Bioderma atua, mas este estudo irá concentrar-se na implementação da campanha na Irlanda. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de entender os principais conceitos, como storytelling, marketing de conteúdos e marketing nas redes sociais e aferir a sua relevância na estratégia pretendida. A análise externa dos concorrentes da Bioderma na Irlanda, do mercado irlandês e do comportamento dos consumidores, permitiu identificar as principais oportunidades e ameaças da marca na Irlanda. A análise interna da Bioderma Irlanda permitiu conhecer melhor a marca, a sua estratégia de marketing atual e destacar os seus pontos fortes e fracos.
Hoje, o número de pessoas com pele sensível está a aumentar no mundo e na Irlanda. A Bioderma, uma marca conhecida e recomendada por dermatologistas em todo o mundo, possui um produto que pode ajudar essas pessoas: o Sensibio H2O. Num mercado muito competitivo, a marca precisa de se destacar dos concorrentes, através do desenvolvimento de uma dimensão emocional que lhe falta. O objetivo desta tese é propor uma nova estratégia emocional, centrada no consumidor, que ajudará a marca a tirar proveito do aumento da pele sensível na Irlanda
Euro area market reactions to the monetary developments press release
No full textUsing intra-day data, we assess the impact of the press release on euro area monetary data on the different segments of the euro area yield curve. For this purpose, we estimate a relation between the “news” or “surprise” in the released data for annual M3 growth and the move in the interest rates for a time-window surrounding the press release. We find that the publication of monetary data has a statistically significant impact on interest rates with maturities ranging from 1 to 10 years, with the largest effect on the 1-2 year segment. Turning to the short end of the yield curve, since mid-2001 rates with maturities up to 6 months do not react much to the monetary developments press release. Our results suggest that market participants may look through short-term movements of annual M3 growth and focus instead on the trend rate of monetary expansion over the medium term when gauging the policy relevant signals
Reflet, un miroir sur la formation
No full textLes actes peuvent être commandés sur le site Tice 2004 (70€).In this paper we present a tool, we called Reflet, intended for visualization of learner progress state in open and distant learning. This generic tool is interoperable and can easily be integrated in distant learning environment. In order to represent learner progress state we propose the MAT model on which Reflet is based. This model confers to Reflet its generic aspect. Reflet has been deployed in two distant learning curriculums.Nous présentons dans cet article l'outil Reflet destiné à visualiser l'état d'avancement d'un étudiant ou d'une promotion d'étudiants en Formation Ouverte et A Distance. Cet outil générique et interopérable peut s'intégrer aisément aux plates-formes de FOAD existantes. Afin de représenter l'état d'avancement d'un étudiant nous proposons le modèle MAT sur lequel s'appuie Reflet et qui lui confère son aspect générique. Reflet a été mis en œuvre dans deux FOAD, l'une à l'université du Maine et l'autre au CNAM
Validation et application de biomarqueurs lipidiques pour la reconstruction des changements environnementaux en Afrique de l’Est
No full textThe Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) in East Africa offers a wide diversity of continental archives (loess-paleosols sequences, peatlands, lakes), allowing the investigation of past environmental changes in tropical continents. This work focused on the validation of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether- (GDGT) and n-alkane-derived proxies. Analyses of these two biomarkers along altitudinal transects allowed assessing their ability to record temperature changes in the region. GDGTs were found to be robust temperature proxies in East Africa, and a regional calibration was established to improve temperature reconstructions from soil archives. In contrast, investigation of n-alkane hydrogen isotopic composition (δ²Hwax) in surface soils revealed that its variations seemed to be impacted by additional biological and physical parameters than temperature, preventing its generalization at a regional scale. Application of GDGT and n-alkane proxies to continental archives revealed past environmental changes over the Late Holocene in the RVP. A late Holocene synchronous temperature maximum was especially observed in a peat core and sediment core from two sites of the RVP. A multi-proxy approach was applied to the peat core, revealing that an ecosystem change from a lake to a peatland occurred ca. 2000 yrs BP ago. The present work showed that GDGTs and n-alkanes are promising biomarkers because of their sensitivity to slight climate variations, but that they need to be combined with other proxies to accurately reconstruct environmental changes.La Province Volcanique du Rungwe (PVR) en Afrique de l’Est abrite diverses archives continentales (séquence de loess-paléosols, tourbières, lacs) permettant d’étudier les changements environnementaux passés des zones tropicales continentales. Ce travail s’est intéressé à l’applicabilité des alkyl tetraéthers de glycérol (tetraéthers) et des n-alcanes comme biomarqueurs de ces changements passés. Leur analyse le long de transects altitudinaux a permis de rendre compte de la capacité des tetraéthers à enregistrer de faibles changements de température de l’air dans la région. En conséquence, une calibration régionale a été établie afin d’améliorer les reconstructions de température de l’air en Afrique de l’Est. Au contraire, il est apparu que la composition isotopique de l’hydrogène des n-alcanes (δ²Hwax) était impactée par des paramètres physiques et biologiques supplémentaires ce qui complique son utilisation pour suivre les changements de température à l’échelle régionale. L’étude des variations de ces deux biomarqueurs le long d’une carotte de tourbe et d’une carotte de sédiment lacustre prélevées dans la PVR a révélé l’existence synchrone d’une période climatique plus chaude au cours de l’Holocène tardif. Par ailleurs, il a été observé dans la carotte de tourbe une transition d’un lac à une tourbière il y a ca. 2000 ans BP. Le présent travail démontre donc que les tetraéthers et les n-alcanes sont des biomarqueurs prometteurs, notamment parce qu’ils sont sensibles à de faibles variation climatiques ; cependant, afin de les interpréter correctement, il est nécessaire d’adopter une approche multi-marqueurs
Validation et application de biomarqueurs lipidiques pour la reconstruction des changements environnementaux en Afrique de l’Est
No full textThe Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) in East Africa offers a wide diversity of continental archives (loess-paleosols sequences, peatlands, lakes), allowing the investigation of past environmental changes in tropical continents. This work focused on the validation of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether- (GDGT) and n-alkane-derived proxies. Analyses of these two biomarkers along altitudinal transects allowed assessing their ability to record temperature changes in the region. GDGTs were found to be robust temperature proxies in East Africa, and a regional calibration was established to improve temperature reconstructions from soil archives. In contrast, investigation of n-alkane hydrogen isotopic composition (δ²Hwax) in surface soils revealed that its variations seemed to be impacted by additional biological and physical parameters than temperature, preventing its generalization at a regional scale. Application of GDGT and n-alkane proxies to continental archives revealed past environmental changes over the Late Holocene in the RVP. A late Holocene synchronous temperature maximum was especially observed in a peat core and sediment core from two sites of the RVP. A multi-proxy approach was applied to the peat core, revealing that an ecosystem change from a lake to a peatland occurred ca. 2000 yrs BP ago. The present work showed that GDGTs and n-alkanes are promising biomarkers because of their sensitivity to slight climate variations, but that they need to be combined with other proxies to accurately reconstruct environmental changes.La Province Volcanique du Rungwe (PVR) en Afrique de l’Est abrite diverses archives continentales (séquence de loess-paléosols, tourbières, lacs) permettant d’étudier les changements environnementaux passés des zones tropicales continentales. Ce travail s’est intéressé à l’applicabilité des alkyl tetraéthers de glycérol (tetraéthers) et des n-alcanes comme biomarqueurs de ces changements passés. Leur analyse le long de transects altitudinaux a permis de rendre compte de la capacité des tetraéthers à enregistrer de faibles changements de température de l’air dans la région. En conséquence, une calibration régionale a été établie afin d’améliorer les reconstructions de température de l’air en Afrique de l’Est. Au contraire, il est apparu que la composition isotopique de l’hydrogène des n-alcanes (δ²Hwax) était impactée par des paramètres physiques et biologiques supplémentaires ce qui complique son utilisation pour suivre les changements de température à l’échelle régionale. L’étude des variations de ces deux biomarqueurs le long d’une carotte de tourbe et d’une carotte de sédiment lacustre prélevées dans la PVR a révélé l’existence synchrone d’une période climatique plus chaude au cours de l’Holocène tardif. Par ailleurs, il a été observé dans la carotte de tourbe une transition d’un lac à une tourbière il y a ca. 2000 ans BP. Le présent travail démontre donc que les tetraéthers et les n-alcanes sont des biomarqueurs prometteurs, notamment parce qu’ils sont sensibles à de faibles variation climatiques ; cependant, afin de les interpréter correctement, il est nécessaire d’adopter une approche multi-marqueurs
Nouvelles paires de Lewis frustrées à partir de complexes du groupe 6 et de boranes pour l'activation du diazote et sa fonctionnalisation
No full textMolecular nitrogen activation and functionalization are among the most important challenge in modern chemistry, motivated by the need to freeing us from the use of the Haber-Bosch process. Indeed, this process used for the industrial synthesis of ammonia of which current agriculture depend and is strongly energy demanding. The goal of this Ph.D. work was the synthesis of new frustrated Lewis pair form different group 6 dinitrogen complexes and boranes to enable dinitrogen activation and its functionalization in mild conditions. The first part of this manuscript presents the synthesis of frustrated Lewis pairs between molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes and tris(pentafluorophenyl). Attempts of functionalization of dinitrogen inspired from the frustrated Lewis pair chemistry and leading to formation of N-B and N-Si bonds are described in this part. The oxidative addition of dihydrogen onto metallic centres, leading to heptacoordinated complexes, was substantially demonstrated for those original Lewis pairs. In the second chapter, the reaction of the same molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes with the Piers' borane enabled us to uncover the first 1,3-addition of the B-H bond on a M-N≡N unit. This result could be extended to other hydroboranes by the rational use of a catalytic amount of Piers' borane. Dihydrogen was also activated by a specific complex in this chapter. Finally, a molybdenum nitride complex was prepared in order to use it as a Lewis Base in a frustrated Lewis pair system. These experiments, discussed in the third chapter, led to the formation of two adducts that could be involved into reactions enabling the formation of N-B and N-Si bonds.L'activation et la fonctionnalisation du diazote atmosphérique sont parmi les challenges les plus importants de la chimie moderne, motivés par le besoin de s'affranchir de l'utilisation du procédé Haber-Bosch. En effet, celui-ci est utilisé pour la synthèse industrielle d'ammoniac dont l'agriculture actuelle dépend et est très couteux en énergie. Le but de ce travail de doctorat a été la synthèse de nouvelles paires de Lewis frustrées à partir de différents complexes de diazote du groupe 6 et de boranes pour permettre l'activation du diazote et sa fonctionnalisation en conditions douces. La première partie de ce manuscrit présente la synthèse de paires de Lewis frustrées entre des complexes de diazote au molybdène et au tungstène et le tris(pentafluorophényl)borane. Des essais de fonctionnalisation du diazote s'inspirant de la chimie des paires de Lewis frustrées et ayant conduit à la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si sont décrits dans cette partie. L'addition oxydante du dihydrogène sur les centres métalliques, conduisant à des complexes heptacoordinés, a notamment été démontrée pour ces paires de Lewis originales. Dans le second chapitre, la réaction des mêmes complexes de diazote au molybdène et tungstène avec le borane de Piers nous a permis de mettre à jour la première addition 1,3 d'une liaison B-H sur un motif M-N≡N. Ce résultat a pu être étendu à d'autres hydroboranes par l'utilisation rationnelle d'une quantité catalytique de borane de Piers. Le dihydrogène a également pu être activé par un complexe spécifique dans ce chapitre. Enfin, un complexe nitrure de molybdène a été préparé afin de l'utiliser comme base de Lewis dans un système paire de Lewis frustrée. Ces expérience, abordées dans le troisième chapitre, ont conduit à la formation de deux adduits qui ont pu être impliqué dans des réactions permettant la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si
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