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    Subsistence patterns as regulators of vital events. The case study: Seasonality of marriages and conceptions in historical times in Central-Southern Apennines (Abruzzo region)

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    The study of biological microdifferentiation of human populations is usefully integrated by the analysis of the biodemographic parameters that provide information on the ecological context in which a population developed specific subsistence models. Seasonality of marriages and births are good parameters of the different “traditional' lifestyles, since they both are influenced by cultural traditions, demographic characteristics, socio-economic conditions, environmental factors, working activities and loads, the latter possibly resulting in a limiting factor of the fertility's physiological functions. An indirect way to estimate such limiting factor in historical societies is by relating seasonality of both vital events to natality rates. The present research investigated seasonality of 19,867 records of Marriages and 59,360 records of Baptisms as well as natality rates in several communities of the Provinces of Teramo and L'Aquila (Abruzzo, Italy) in the 19th century. Results show stable patterns of seasonality of both marriages and baptisms. Marriages display one model of seasonality typical of agricultural societies, with several sub-models, and a second developed by pastoral groups. The correlation between seasonality of marriages and that of conceptions is high in pastoral communities, and negative in agricultural groups. Gross natality rates average35×1000 in agricultural societies and27×1000 in pastoral groups thus suggesting that pastoralism acted as a regulator of reproduction

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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