13 research outputs found
Central pontine myelinolysis complicating treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS
No full textA randomised controlled study of mouth swab testing versus same day blood tests for HIV infection in young people attending a community drug service.
No full textAuthor(s) Pre Print Version OnlyINTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study was designed to determine whether providing an oral swab test in the community for blood borne virus testing leads to an increase in subsequent attendance for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening at the STI clinic compared with making appointments for young people to attend the clinic for same day HIV testing and STI screening. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were randomised into either the oral swab test group or the blood test group of the trial if eligible. RESULTS: All the 27 participants in the oral swab test group were tested for HIV and hepatitis C compared with five for HIV and two for hepatitis C in the blood test group (P < 0.001). Only two of the 27 participants in the blood test group were tested for hepatitis B compared with 25 in the oral swab test group (P < 0.001). Nine participants in the oral swab test group attended the STI clinic for STI screening compared with three in the blood test group (P = 0.09). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: An oral swab test in the community for blood borne virus testing leads to an increase in the number of young high-risk people tested for blood borne infections and is associated with a trend towards higher rates of subsequent attendance for STI screening
Letter To Editor - Prevalence of, and awareness about, sexually transmitted infections among males in Delhi
No full textLetter To Editor - Prevalence of, and awareness about, sexually transmitted infections among males in Delhi
No full textA randomised controlled study of mouth swab testing versus same day blood tests for HIV infection in young people attending a community drug service
No full textA randomised controlled trial to assess pain with urethral swabs
No full textInternational audienceBackground Urethral swabs are uncomfortable due to the nature of the mucosa and may be a reason for non-attendance of men at sexually transmitted infection clinics. This randomised controlled trial was designed to describe the extent of discomfort associated with direct urethral sampling, and to determine whether this varies by the type of swab used. Methods Male patients over the age of 16 having swab tests were invited to participate. and were randomised to receive either a gonorrhoea Dacron tipped swab, a chlamydia Rayon tipped swab or a plastic 10 µL urethral loop first for urethral sampling followed by the others sequentially. Discomfort was measured using the 0-100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Findings 129 men having urethral swabs carried out as part of their screening tests for STI's were invited to participate in the study and 121 were recruited. The median pain scores (IQR) regardless of sampling method, before and after the first urethral sampling were 0 mm (0-0) and 50 mm (22-71) (p<0.001), before and after the second urethral sampling were 9mm (0-28) and 59.5mm (38.3-78) (p<0.001) and before and after the third urethral sampling were 10 mm (0-31) and 58 mm (29.3-80) (p<0.001). Direct urethral sampling was associated with a pain score on a 100mm visual analogue scale of 60.5mm using a Rayon Chlamydia swab, 52mm using a Dacron gonorrhoea swab and 25.5mm using a plastic loop. Interpretation Direct urethral sampling is associated with discomfort and/or pain in men which was significantly greater with a swab compared to a plastic loop. Urine should therefore be the specimen type of choice. When direct urethral sampling is indicated a loop is to be preferred to a urethral swab
Central pontine myelinolysis complicating treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS.
No full textAn HIV positive black African woman presented with widespread lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia that had been ascribed to tuberculosis. Lymph node biopsy showed both Kaposi's sarcoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. Despite antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy the patient deteriorated, developing confusion and dysphasia. A cranial magnetic resonance scan showed central pontine myelinolysis. Despite supportive therapy the patient died
Patient preferences for partner notification of sexually transmitted infections
No full textSexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are a major public health problem. If STI’s are
not treated they can cause infertility, long term disability and death. Partner
notification and partner treatment have been identified as important aspects of
management to curb the chain of transmission, reinfection and complications of STI’s.
The high prevalence of STI’s and low partner treatment rate is cause for concern. The
ability to communicate with sexual partners about going to the clinic for treatment is
the cornerstone in breaking the chain of reinfection and preventing complications.
The aim of the study was:
• To determine the percentage of patients presenting as a result of partner
notification.
• To describe the demography of patients attending the STI clinic.
• To determine the preferred methods of partner notification from the
perspective of being a patient and from the perspective of being a sexual
contact/partner.
The study is a replication of the study entitled ‘Patient Preferences for Partner
Notification of Sexually Transmitted Infections by (Apoola, Radcliffe, Das, et
al.,2006:327). ’ The study is a quantitative, descriptive, survey design, and a
replicated self-administered questionnaire of the study was used. The sample of 162 patients was taken from a population of about 800 STI clinic attendees over a period
of one month at a local public sector clinic in Johannesburg.
Data was captured using an excel spread sheet and then were exported to the Stata
Release 11 program for analysis. Data was summarized using frequencies, means, and
percentages.
Reliability, validity and ethical issues were taken into consideration.
From the results of the study it became apparent that the majority of STI patients
156(96%) attending the STI clinic under study preferred to inform their partners
themselves that the partner may be at risk of an STI and should receive treatment.
Furthermore, the participants in this particular study would also prefer to be informed
by their partner if they were potentially at risk of contracting a sexually transmitted
infection. With respect to the demographics of the clinic attendees, the majority of the
patients attended the clinic because they presented with signs and symptoms of what
they believed to be a sexually transmitted infection (92%), and only 8% of the
participants attended the clinic because they were informed by a partner that they have
been potentially exposed to an STI. It was identified that 92% of participants did have
cellular telephones, and this is potentially a good means of partner notification given
that the majority of the research sample had access to cellular telephones. In
conclusion the participants in this particular study would prefer to notify their partner
themselves of the potential exposure to a STI as opposed to other means of partner
notification
Continuation of emtricitabine/lamivudine within combination antiretroviral therapy following detection of the M184V/I HIV-1 resistance mutation
No full textObjectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) use following detection of M184V/I is associated with better virological outcomes. Methods: We identified people with viruses harbouring the M184V/I mutation in UK multicentre data sets who had treatment change/initiation within 1 year. We analysed outcomes of viral suppression (< 200 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and appearance of new major drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using Cox and Poisson models, with stratification by new drug regimen (excluding 3TC/FTC) and Bayesian implementation, and estimated the effect of 3TC/FTC adjusted for individual and viral characteristics. Results: We included 2597 people with the M184V/I resistance mutation, of whom 665 (25.6%) were on 3TC and 458 (17.6%) on FTC. We found a negative adjusted association between 3TC/FTC use and viral suppression [hazard ratio (HR) 0.84; 95% credibility interval (CrI) 0.71–0.98]. On subgroup analysis of individual drugs, there was no evidence of an association with viral suppression for 3TC (n = 184; HR 0.94; 95% CrI 0.73–1.15) or FTC (n = 454; HR 0.99; 95% CrI 0.80–1.19) amongst those on tenofovir-containing regimens, but we estimated a reduced rate of viral suppression for people on 3TC amongst those without tenofovir use (n = 481; HR 0.71; 95% CrI 0.54–0.90). We found no association between 3TC/FTC and detection of any new DRM (overall HR 0.92; 95% CrI 0.64–1.18), but found inconclusive evidence of a lower incidence rate of new DRMs (overall incidence rate ratio 0.69; 95% CrI 0.34–1.11). Conclusions: We did not find evidence that 3TC or FTC use is associated with an increase in viral suppression, but it may reduce the appearance of additional DRMs in people with M184V/I. 3TC was associated with reduced viral suppression amongst people on regimens without tenofovir
Morbidity and risk factors of COVID-19 in people with HIV-1 in Europe: A combined observational cohort and nested case–control study
No full text
