1,721,038 research outputs found
Redox status alterations and metabolic disorders
No full textReactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) are known to exert either
harmful or beneficial effects on biological systems.
Beneficial effects of ROS include the defense against
infectious agents and in the function of a number of
cellular signaling pathways, such as apoptosis.
Generally, physiological levels of ROS and RNS are
eliminated by an efficient scavenging system, however
an imbalance between their production and destruction
can induce oxidative stress and/or nitrosative stress. The inability of cell to counteract oxidative damage, and the oxidative stressrelated
damage to DNA, to proteins and to lipids has been proposed to play a
key role in the pathological processes leading to cancer, aging, heart
disease, and especially a group of metabolic disorders which are associated
to the metabolic syndrome (MS). The MS consists of a cluster of metabolic
alterations, between them dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. When these
conditions combine with genetic susceptibility and obesity, became risk
factors for type 2 diabetes, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease.
Several evidences indicate that a large part of disorders associated to
MS are strongly associated by an increase of oxidative stress and consequent
oxidative damage of cellular components.
Here, we discuss the available evidence for the involvement of cellular
oxidants in the maintenance of redox regulation during normal physiological
functions, as well as an overview of the actual knowledge on the role of
oxidative stress in MS and its associated disorders
Low birth weight and catch-up-growth associated with metabolic syndrome: a ten-year systematic review
No full textObjective: We conducted a systematic review in order to: i. summarize the relationship between low birth weight, catch-up-growth and the metabolic syndrome, from publications during the past 10 years; and ii. study the potential role of an alternative nurtritional approach to side effects of catch-up-growth. Methods: We reviewed all papers published in the past ten years assessing the possible association between low birth weight, cathch-up-growth and the occurrence of some components of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results: We found 57 studies which described the relationship between metabolic syndrome associated features and low birth weight and catch-up-growth. The majority of the studies in children, adolescents and adults born small for gestational age (SGA) suggested that insulin resistance could represent the prelude to other metabolic disorders. Conclusions: Both low birth weight and catch-up-growth seem to correlate with some aspects of a later metabolic syndrome
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
