7 research outputs found
Regional Aspects of Humanitarian Ecology
No full textThe article provides a brief overview of publications on human ecology. The analysis of regional aspect of this direction on example of the Republic of Kalmykia is given. The basis factors in infl uencing in arid conditions are considered
Soil and Vegetation Habitat Conditions of Saiga Antelope Population (Saiga Tatarica) in the «Chernye Zemli» Reserve
Get PDFThe article provides characteristics of soil and vegetation conditions of the state nature reserve «Chernye Zemli» as a modern habitat of the saiga population in Kalmykia. The author reveals the main reasons for the fall in saiga antelope populations over the last decade which are connected with a complex of factors: reduced protection, a high level of the wolf population, increased fire risk. One of the fundamental conditions is the change in the composition of grassland vegetation as the core platform for the existence of the saiga population in the «Chernye Zemli» reserve
The Soil of the Federal Reserves of the Republic of Kalmykia in the New Classification
Get PDFOne of the main criteria for assessing the environmental well-being of landscapes is the degree of preservation of a useful gene pool in natural soils, controlling the necessary diversity of ecosystems. In order to preserve biodiversity and restore the natural balance it is necessary to expand and improve the network of specially protected natural territories (SPNT). A soil-ecological monitoring is of major importance in the system of measures for the protection and restoration of soils and ecosystems. Natural soils of such Federal reserves such as «Sarpinskiy», «Harbin» and «Mekletinsky» were taken into account when creating a new classification of Russia’s soils. Among the principles underlying the creation of a new classification of Russian soils and determining its theoretical essence, is the so called genetic principle, involving the division of soils, in connection with the assessment of their genetic profile which allows to consider in a unified classification structure all natural and anthropogenically transformed soils. One of the main problems in nature management and in ecology is the preservation of biodiversity, which is closely linked with the conservation of soil diversity. Therefore, to create ecological balance in the system of protected areas, soil objects should be taken into consideration. Thus, the author concludes that the search and selection of soils standards primordially in the existing network of protected areas are necessary to solve the problem. Reference soils from the point of view of global monitoring may be the only virgin soil, with minimal human impact
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ
No full textThe article is devoted to study of different paradigms dominated in 20th century: V. V. Dokuchaevs, W. Cattons and R. Danleps paradigms and others. The multifactoral analysis of ecosystematical and anthropogenic impact on natural and social environment is examined by the author on the example of desertifi cation of territories of Kalmykia
Main Stages of Complex Expeditions of the Researches of Kalmyk Steppe
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of the purposes and objectives of complex expeditions on research of Kalmyk steppe for the period from 1860 to 1985. The materials of expeditions are a basis of geographical information system and a base for effective study and use of natural resources
Current State of Pasture Vegetation of the Arid Zone (On the Example of Key Rural Municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia)
Get PDFThe article presents the results of field observations over 2012–2018 carried out by the Department of Environmental Research of the Institute for Complex Studies of Arid Territories. The work includes materials on the climatic review and the original results of geobotanical investigation of 5 farms in rural municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia (RK) over the period of the study. We used materials of a large geobotanical survey of YUZHNIIGIPROZEM Company (1991–1995) and materials of earth remote sensing (by Landsat satellite). According to the studies, the period from 2012 to 2018 demonstrates a general trend of climate warming throughout the territory of Kalmykia accompanied by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme droughts in the summer. Geoecological monitoring of pastures at five key sites of the RK revealed that in the dry steppe zone (Manych municipality) and in the semi-desert zone (Khanatinsky municipality), deterioration of pastures is observed; in the desert zone (Adykovskoye municipality), significant degradation processes were identified associated with strong anthropogenic impact and fires, manifested in the loss of valuable food crops (wormwood) and increased influence of cereal crops. Floristic and phytocenotic analyzes revealed an increase in the number of plant species in the weed and ruderal groups
