6,374 research outputs found
Obituary: Alexandar Borissov Yanovski
No full textAfter a short illness, Bulgarian mathematical physicist Alexandar Borissov Yanovski passed away on October 27, 2023 at his home in Sofia. The following are some of the personal reminiscences of Francesco G. Russo
Stygiiulus seewaldi Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov. Figs 10E, 13 Alpityphlus seewaldi Strasser, 1967: 146–150, figs 4–9. Typhloiulus seewaldi – Fritsch 1998: 149–150, 16. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 346. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Easily distinguishable from congeners by its specific gonopod conformation (Fig. 10E) including a narrow, pointed velum considerably exceeding the solenomere and bearing a small, pointed, distal outgrowth (do) (the latter structure present also in S. insularis comb. nov. and in (some specimens of) S. tobias comb. nov.), in combination with the complete absence of a posterior hump on the opisthomere. Also outstanding by the small and rounded internal lobe of the promere, which is positioned close to promeral base. Distribution Germany, Upper Bavaria, Berchtesgadener Land, Untersberg Massif, Cave Hollerloch (the type locality); Austria, Dachstein Mts, tunnel Warmwasserstollen near Lake Hallstatt and Obere Brangrabenhöhle Cave (Fritsch 1998) (Fig. 13, orange squares). Remark Fritsch (1998) listed this species under the genus Typhloiulus, relying on J.-P. Mauriès’ opinion expressed in a letter to him. According to Mauriès who studied material of seewaldi, the erection of the genus Alpityphlus by Strasser (1967) was unfounded, the species being a member of Stygiiulus, at that time a subgenus of Typhloiulus. A similar view was expressed by Antić et al. (2017, 2018), but without a formal transfer to Stygiiulus. Based on the detailed original drawings we fully agree on that view, hence the new name combination is formalized here.Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Growth and distribution in an AK-model with endogenous impatience
No full textThis paper combines two strands of the literature on inequality and distribution issues: the classical approach, which insists on the division of society into classes characterized by different saving propensities, and the social conflict approach, which considers that inequality inflicts direct and indirect costs to economic development. An endogenous-growth model is studied. We assume that each consumer's subjective discount factor is determined endogenously and depends on economic inequality through the following two channels. On the one hand, it is positively related to the individual consumer's relative wealth. On the other hand, it is negatively affected by a simple aggregate measure of social conflict. We show that, unlike models with exogenously given discount rates, steady state equilibria in our model is indeterminate and that the set of all equilibria is acontinuum which can be parameterized by a simple index of income inequality. The growth rate is ambiguously related to the inequality index. However, under some reasonable assumptions, the growth rate dependence on this index has an inverted U-shaped form.wealth distribution, intertemporal choice, growth, development
Dynamic structure of detonation in gaseous and dispersed media
No full textOf late the demands of industry in creating new composite and functional materials with present properties stimulated an increased interest to the investigation of processes which occur in the detonation technologies of complex chemical composition with an additive of disperse particles. The collection includes a series of papers presented at the 3d International Conference "Lavrentyev Readings on Mathematics, Mechanics, and Physics" (Novosibirsk, 1990),was held by the Hydrodynamics Institute under the support of the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences to stimulate the international cooperation of the leading international centers. In the framework of this Conference the Round Table seminar was held by Prof. A. Borissov and Prof. V. Mi trofanov devoted to "Dynamic Structure of Detonation in Gaseous and Dispersed Media". The idea to hold such Round Table was supported by Chairman of Organizing Committee academician Prof. V.Titov from Hydrodynamics Institute, and academician Prof. V. Nakoryakov and also his Institute of Thermophysics. The main ideas discussed at the Round Table were presented in the form of papers which reflected present situation of the problem of dynamic structure of the detonation waves in gaseous and dispersed media. The basic experimental facts concerning of complicated mul ti dimensional non-stationary structure both of the detonation wave and its front surface, generation of the cell structure, the effect of transverse waves, obstacles, channel geometry etc. on the transition from dynamic regime to stationary structure are represented in the fist three paper
Stygiiulus montellensis Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov. Figs 7, 13 Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) montellensis Verhoeff, 1930: 14–16, figs 4–5. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) montellensis – Manfredi 1932: 81. — Strasser 1962: 57–58, figs 5, 11j, 66–67. Typhloiulus montellensis – Wolf 1934 –38: 516. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 343. Typhloiulus montebellensis (sic!) – Attems 1949: 145. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) montellensis montellensis – Paoletti 1978: 108. Typhloiulus montellensis montellensis – Minelli 1985: 10. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Differs from its most similar congener, S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov., by the distal part of mesomere (Fig. 7B, m in Fig. 7A) being clavate, ending with a broad, flat apex, vs the same being fronto-caudally compressed, ending with a rounded apex in the latter species; and by the vulval operculum being broader and with a smooth and gently concave apical margin, vs the same being relatively narrow, with an uneven, coarsed/undulating apical margin in S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov. Material examined ITALY • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Veneto, province of Treviso, Susegana, Grotta [cave] Crede-a (2098 V / TV); 175 m a.s.l.; 20 Feb. 1993; E. Piva leg.; NHMD • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Veneto, province of Treviso, Massiccio del Grappa Mtn, Cavaso del Tomba, Speoncia [cave] del Diaol (1811 V /TV); 45°50'49'' N, 11°54'26.4'' E; 275 m a.s.l.; 17 Oct. 1999; E. Piva leg.; NHMD. Descrptive notes ANTENNAE. 1.85–2.2 times as long as head and 1.5–2.1 times as long as H in males, and 2–2.1 and 1.3– 1.5 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2–2.3 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length, 1.1–1.2 times as long as 4 and 5, and 1.2–1.4 times as long as 6. Tarsus of mid-body legs 2–2.3 times as long as tibia and 3–4 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs from equal to, to 1.4 times as long as, H in males, and 0.9–1.1 times in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Legs 1 and 2 slightly shorter but not thicker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 7C) symmetric, somewhat compressed in the sagittal plane; bursa with a rather broad cleft, each valve distally with several setae in a vertical row; operculum (op) large, subquadrangular, with a slightly convex, smooth apical margin, exceeding bursa by ca ⅓ of total height of vulva, distally with several setae each side. Receptaculum seminis represented by a relatively long, narrow, slightly bent, mesal tube (mt) leading to a minute piriform ampulla (ma), and an even finer, shorter, twisted, lateral tube (lt) forming an ovoid ampulla (la) at bottom. Distribution Known from several caves as well as epigean habitats in a small area on the southern side of the Venetian Prealps’ foothill, north of Treviso.All but one record come from the right side of the Piave River (Fig. 13, yellow squares).Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on page 49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Stygiiulus maximus Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Stygiiulus maximus</i> (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov. <p>Fig. 10D</p> <p> <i>Mesoporoiulus maximu</i> s Verhoeff, 1929: 19–20, fig. 2.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus</i> (<i>Stygiiulus</i>) <i>maximus</i> – Verhoeff 1930: 9, 12–13, figs 1–2. — Manfredi 1932: 81.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus</i> (<i>Mesoporoiulus</i>) <i>maximus</i> – Pretner & Strasser 1931: 87.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus maximus</i> var. <i>longicauda</i> Strasser, 1962: 59–60, fig. 71.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus maximus</i> var. <i>maximus</i> – Strasser 1962: 59, fig. 72.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus maximus</i> – Attems 1949: 145. — Strasser 1971a: 14. — Vagalinski <i>et al.</i> 2015: 342–343.</p> <p> not <i>Typhloiulus tobias</i> – Attems 1927: 250–251, figs 352–354.</p> Diagnosis <p> A species of <i>Stygiiulus</i> stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Distinguishable from congeners by the combination of certain gonopodal characters (Fig. 10D), viz., a mostly straight pro- and mesomere, and an opisthomere with a faint and blunt posterior hump, a marginally broad (not tapering) and deeply serrated velum, and a solenomere with both the anterior and the posterior solenomeral branch being well developed and clearly discernible.</p> Distribution <p> This species has the widest distribution of all representatives of the genus <i>Stygiiulus</i> stat. nov. Known from numerous caves, as well as epigean habitats, ranging from the Julian Alps in the east, across the southern parts of the Carnic Alps Range, through the Venetian Prealps, all the way to the Piave River in the west (Fig. 13, pink squares).</p> Remark <p> Attems (1927: 250, 251, figs 352–354) gave a short description and drawings of what he thought was already described as <i>S. tobias</i> comb. nov. from Monte Cavallo (Lombardy). Just two/three years later, Verhoeff (1930) described another blind julid, <i>S. maximus</i> comb. nov., from a cave in the same area. What is evident from the gonopod drawings of both Attems and Verhoeff alone – that is that Attems’ (1927) record actually refers to <i>S. maximus</i> comb. nov. – was already confirmed by Strasser (1962: 60) based on re-examination of the specimens from Monte Cavallo.</p>Published as part of <i>Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798</i> on page 48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6323002">http://zenodo.org/record/6323002</a>
Stygiiulus tobias Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. Figs 10F, 11D, 13 Julus (Typhloiulus) Tobias Berlese, 1886: 98–99, tab. XIII, figs 20–23. Typhloiulus (Iulus, Mesoporoiulus) Tobia (tobias) – Manfredi 1932: 81. Typhloiulus tobias – Wolf 1934 –38: 516. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 345–346. Typhloiulis (sic!) tobias – Boldori 1936: 113. Typhloiulus Tobia (sic!) – Boldori 1937: 11. Typhloiulus (Mesoporoiulus) tobias – Verhoeff 1930: 16–17, fig. 3. — Strasser 1962: 38–39, figs 11f, 45–46. Typhloiulus Tobias – Conci 1951: 44. Typhloiulus tobias var. fuscus Manfredi, 1953a: 139. ? Typhloiulus tobias pygmaeus Manfredi, 1953b: 100. Typhloiulus tobias fuscus – Manfredi 1953b: 101. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Clearly distinguishable from congeners by the very distinctive structure of the opisthomere (Fig. 10F) including a right- to acute-angled posterior hump pointing distad, a large, (sometimes) bipartite velum (with a posteriorly positioned distal outgrowth (do), this being much less prominent than in S. insularis comb. nov. and S. seewaldi comb. nov.), with the main part being mostly smooth (barely serrated), and a solenomere distally forming a stout anterior and a much more slender posterior branch, both apically finely ciliate; some specimens with a minute third thumb-like branch basally to the posterior branch. In addition, this species (except for its dubious subspecies T. t. pygmaeus, see below) differs from all other Stygiiulus stat. nov. species by the presence of a very long and upwards curved epiproct. Material examined ITALY • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Veneto, Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Vastagna (VI), Grotta [cave] del Subiolo (135 V/VI); 169 m a.s.l.; 4 Mar. 1990; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD. Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 2.2–2.4 times as long as head and 1.65–1.7 as long as H in males, and 1.9–2 and 1.3– 1.4 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2.6–2.9 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2, 3 and 5 subequal in length, slightly longer than 4, and 1.4–1.5 times as long as 6. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. 1.8–1.9 times as long as tibia and 2.8–4.3 times as long as apical claw. Midbody legs ca 1.25 times as long as H in males, and equal in length in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 considerably thicker and shorter than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11D) nearly symmetric; bursa slightly compressed in the sagittal plane; each valve distally with one vertical row of several setae; a similar row present on each side sclerite; operculum (op) very thick, subconical, i.e., tapering to a distinct blunt apex, exceeding bursa by ca 1 ⁄ 5 of total height of vulva, distally with a dense bunch of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two long and narrow, closely adjacent tubes of equal length – a twisted lateral one (lt) leading to a small piriform ampulla (la), and a mostly straight mesal one (mt) ending in a somewhat larger ovoid ampulla (ma). Distribution Known from numerous caves and one epigean locality in the central Venetian Prealps, as well as from several caves in Monti Lessini (extreme south of the Venetian Prealps). Also known from two caves on the southern slopes of Dolomiti (Fig. 13, white squares). Remarks In the past, this taxon was treated as a member of Mesoporoiulus Verhoeff, 1905. Vagalinski et al. (2015) hypothesized it could be a somewhat deviating member of Stygiiulus. Here we fully confirm this assumption and formally transfer tobias to the genus Stygiiulus. The subspecies S. t. pygmaeus (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov. has already caught the attention of Strasser (1962). On page 60 of the latter work, the author commented on the significant size difference between pygmaeus (23 mm of length) and the typical tobias (50–67 mm of length), and also emphasized the apparent confusion of Manfredi (1953b) regarding the gonopods of her newly described subspecies, which she stated to match well (along with most other characters) to the descriptions of tobias given by both Attems (1927) and Verhoeff (1930). In fact, what Attems (1927) recorded and depicted was S. maximus comb. nov. (see Remark under the latter species). The short and straight epiproct in pygmaeus (as originally described), unlike the long and upwards curved process in the typical form, adds further uncertainty about the identity of Manfredi’s subspecies. We agree with Strasser’s (1962) opinion that pygmaeus most likely represents a separate species. However, its status can only be resolved after examination of type or topotype material. The gonopods of the two presently examined males from Grotta del Subiolo differ fromVerhoeff’s(1930) drawings based on material from Grotta Parolini near Vastagna and/or “Bus de la Bela” near San Donato, prov. Belluno, by a blunt and finely serrated, rather than tapering and ciliate, posterior part of velum, and by an apically tri- instead of bipartite solenomere. In Grotta della Bigonda, this species lives in sympatry with S. ausugi comb. nov.Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Stygiiulus ausugi Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov. Figs 10A, 11A, 13 Typhloiulus ausugi Manfredi, 1953b: 136–138, figs 1–2. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) ausugi – Strasser 1962: 11, 12, 18, 37, 38, figs 1–2, 8, 11h, 15, 41–44. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) ausugi ausugi – Strasser 1971a: 13. Typhloiulus ausugi ausugi – Minelli 1985: 9. Typhloiulus ausugi – Vagalinski et al. 2015: 336–337. Diagnosis One of the three species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with modified mouthparts, the other two being S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov. Differs from both mainly by the complete absence of posterior hump on opisthomere, the very large velum with minute fringes on posterodistal margin, and the anterior and posterior solenomeral branches both being very short, hardly distinguishable. Material examined ITALY – Trentino (Autonomous Province of Trento) • 1 ♂; topotype; Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Grigno, Grotta [Cave] della Bigonda (243 VT/TN); 450 m a.s.l.; 10 Mar. 1996; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD • 1 ♀; Grigno, Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (new record), a side branch of the waterfall; Dec. 1973; Ischia leg.; H. Enghoff det. 1984; A. Minelli ded. 1985; NHMD. Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 2–2.1 times as long as head and 1.7–1.75 times as long as H in males, and 1.7–1.8 times and ca 1.4 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 ca twice as long as broad; antennomeres 2, 3 and 4 subequal in length, ca 1.2 times as long as 5, and 1.7–1.8 times as long as 6; 6 visibly broader than 5, giving a clavate appearance of the antenna. MOUTHPARTS. With strong hydrophilous modifications (sensu Enghoff 1985): labrum edentate or with three minute, vestigial teeth. Gnathochilarium short and distally markedly broad, stipites with conspicuously large palps. Gnathal lobes of mandibles with the external and the internal tooth strongly reduced, both being distinct but very small and pointed, deeply hidden in the buccal cavity; molar plate much smaller than the normal julid condition; pectinate lamellae five instead of the usual four, consisting of very fine and densely set teeth. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. Ca 2.5 times as long as tibia and ca 5 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs ca 1.7 times as long as H in males and ca 1.4 times in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Legs 1 and 2 slightly shorter but not thicker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11A) symmetric; bursa very broad, strongly compressed in the sagittal plane; each valve of bursa with one vertical row of setae; operculum (op) distally bulging, with a distinct apical concavity, exceeding bursa by nearly ⅓ of total height of vulva, with just several setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two small tubes: a very fine, somewhat bent, mesal one (mt) ending in a small ovoid ampulla (ma), and a significantly broader, mostly straight, lateral one (lt), not forming ampulla at bottom. Distribution Prior to this study, the species was known only from its type locality – the Grotta della Bigonda – on the northern border of the central part of the Venetian Prealps. The new locality of this species – the Grotta del Calgeron – is located in the same area, some 20 km south of the type locality (Fig. 13, blue circles). Remarks Strasser (1971a) described two subspecies of ausugi, viz., fimbriatus and gentianae. Considering the gonopod conformations of the two latter forms, both of which differ significantly from S. ausugi comb. nov. and are instead much more similar to S. illyricus comb. nov., S. maximus comb. nov., S. montellensis comb. nov., and S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov., it becomes obvious that Strasser (1971a) treated the modified mouthparts as a taxonomic feature of primary importance, being unaware of the adaptive nature of such modifications, as revealed later by Enghoff (1985). Thus we here elevate fimbriatus and gentianae to the species level and describe both of them in detail below. In the Grotta della Bigonda, this species lives in sympatry with S. tobias comb. nov.Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Stygiiulus insularis Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov. Figs 10C, 11C, 13 Typhloiulus insularis Strasser, 1938: 399–402, fig. 10. Typhloiulus insularis – Vagalinski et al. 2015: 340. — Antić et al. 2018: 263–264; figs 5–6, 18c. Material examined CROATIA • 1 topotype ♂; Island of Cres, Beli, Petričevići, Čampari Pit; 8 Apr. 2001; R. Ozimec and B. Jalžić leg.; IZB • 1 topotype ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Oct. 2000; CBSS. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Distinguishable from congeners by its smaller body (L = 10–16 mm) and shorter legs in relation to H, by the ozopores being placed on or right behind the pro-metazonal suture instead of at considerable distance behind it, and in several aspects of gonopod structures (Fig.10C), viz., ridge- rather than knob-like internal lobe of the promere, spoon-shaped mesomere, rather robust opisthomere without a posterior hump (the latter shared with S. seewaldii comb. nov.), long basal spine at flagellum channel (sometimes present in S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov.), and the presence of a distinct distal outgrowth (do) on velum (seen also in S. seewaldi comb. nov. and S. tobias comb. nov.). Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 1.6 times as long as head and 1.65 as long as H in the male, and 1.35 and 1.3 times, respectively, in the female; antennomere 5 ca 1.6 as long as broad; antennomeres 2 and 5 subequal in length, ca 1.3 times as long as 3 and 4, and 1.5 times as long as 6. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. Ca 2.7 times as long as tibia and ca 3.7 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs 1.25 times as long as H in the the male and 0.7 times in the female. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 visibly longer and thicker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11C) of nearly equal width in both the sagittal and the transverse planes, mostly symmetric; bursa with a narrow median cleft; each valve distally with a vertical row of 2–4 setae; operculum (op) proximally broad, distally abruptly narrowing, ending with a more or less straight apical margin, exceeding bursa by ca 1 ⁄ 8 of total height of vulva, disto-laterally with one vertical row of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a very short and narrow, somewhat bent, median tube (mt) leading to a minute piriform ampulla (ma), and a slightly longer, mostly straight, lateral tube (lt) ending in a minute spherical ampulla (la). Distribution Known only from its type locality, the Čampari Pit on the island of Cres in Croatia (Fig. 13, red square). Remarks Strasser’s (1938) description of S. insularis comb. nov. was based upon four females only. Due to the absence of male specimens, this species has remained enigmatic for 80 years, until Antić et al. (2018) described the first male and, according to the gonopod structure, hypothesized this species could belong to Stygiiulus stat. nov. Here we follow that assumption, which is further supported by the vulval structure, and formally transfer insularis to the genus Stygiiulus stat. nov. However, this species is obviously different externally compared to other Stygiiulus stat. nov. members, and is characterized by a smaller body and proportionatelly shorter antennae, as well as by a more anterior position of the ozopores.And while these external differences (or some of them) may be connected with its currently unknown ecology rather than with its phylogenetic affinities, certain gonopod characters, viz., the aforementioned spoon-like shape of the mesomere and the robustness of the opisthomere, plus a ridge- rather than knob-like internal lobe of the promere leave some doubts about the exact systematic position of insularis. But since the general gonopod conformation in this species is much more similar to other Stygiiulus stat. nov. than to any other typhloiulinine/blind leptoiulinine genus, we have opted here to formally place this interesting taxon in the aforementioned genus. Nevertheless, we are aware that in the future this tiny species could find its place in another (new) genus. The Čampari Pit is also the type locality of another julid species, the pachyiulinine Chersoiulus ciliatus Strasser, 1938. Both S. insularis comb. nov. and C. ciliatus are strict endemics of this pit and are listed as critically endangered species (CR) in the Red Book of the Croatian cave dwelling fauna (Ozimec et al. 2009).Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Stygiiulus illyricus Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Stygiiulus illyricus</i> (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov. <p>Figs 10B, 11B, 13</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus</i> (<i>Stygiiulus</i>) <i>illyricus</i> Verhoeff, 1929: 20–23, fig. 1. <i>Typhloiulus</i> (<i>Stygiiulus</i>) <i>illyricus</i> – Manfredi 1932: 81. — Strasser 1962: 20, 35–36, figs 11i, 36–37.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus illyricus</i> – Verhoeff 1930: 17. — Antić <i>et al.</i> 2018: 263, fig. 3.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus illyricus stygis</i> – Verhoeff 1933: 15–17, figs 28–29, <b>syn. nov.</b></p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus illyricus</i> var. <i>obscurus</i> – Verhoeff 1933: 17.</p> <p> <i>Typhloiulus illyricus</i> var. <i>obscura</i> – Wolf 1934 –38: 515.</p> Material examined <p>SLOVENIA • 2 topotype juvs; Ocizla, Beško-Ocizeljski System (= Ocizeljska Jama Pit); 19 Apr. 2012; T. Delić leg.; D. Antić det. 2018; IZB • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Dane, Divača, Mejame Pit (= Med jamah, Medjama); 22 Apr. 2014; M. Zagmajster leg.; D. Antić det. 2018; IZB. CROATIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Istria, Ročko polje, Roč, Rabakova Cave; 30 Jun. 2013; D. Šuperina leg.; D. Antić det. 2018; IZB • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Apr. 2013; IZB.</p> Diagnosis <p> A species of <i>Stygiiulus</i> with normal mouthparts. Distinguishable from congeners by the combination of certain gonopodal characters (Fig. 10B), viz., a mostly straight promere, a mesomere with the apex bent frontad, and an opisthomere with a small but distinct posterior hump, a broad and deeply serrated velum, and a vestigial posterior solenomeral branch, this being completely fused to the velum.</p> Descriptive notes <p>ANTENNAE. 2.2 times as long as head and ca 1.8 times as long as H in males, and 1.7 times and ca 1.5– 1.55 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 ca 2.4 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2–5 subequal in length, ca 1.3–1.4 times as long as 6.</p> <p>TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. Ca 2.4 times as long as tibia and ca 2 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs ca 1.1 times as long as H in both sexes.</p> <p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 considerably shorter than, but as thick as, following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11B) slightly compressed in the sagittal plane, mostly symmetric; median cleft deeper than in most congeners; each valve of bursa with several, mostly vertically arranged setae, 1–2 setae on side sclerites; operculum (op) distally markedly thickened, with a concave apical margin, exceeding bursa by slightly more than ¼ of total height of vulva, medio-laterally with two longitudinal rows of setae each side, with a bunch of setae on each latero-apical corner. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a fine, slightly bent, mesal tube (mt) ending in a small piriform ampulla (ma), and a somewhat shorter lateral tube (lt) ending in an ampulla (la) of similar shape and size as the former one.</p> Distribution <p>Known exclusively from caves and pits in the Istrian Peninsula in Croatia and the northwestern Dinarides in Slovenia (Fig. 13, green squares).</p> Remark <p> From Rabakova Cave, Verhoeff (1933) described the subspecies <i>illyricus stygis</i>, mentioning the possibility that the observed differences between the single male his description was based upon and the typical <i>illyricu</i> s were due to periodomorphosis, but he nevertheless opted to give a formal name to the new morph. Indeed, the gonopods he drew seem to be underdeveloped (see Verhoeff 1933: 20, fig. 28). Fortunately, we examined here one adult male from Rabakova Cave, whose gonopods appeared completely identical to the gonopods of the typical <i>illyricus</i>. We were even luckier to find that one of the juveniles from the type locality of the typical <i>illyricus</i> was a subadult male with unmodified first pair of legs. The gonopods of this subadult male are very similar to Verhoeff's (1933) drawing of the gonopods of the subspecies <i>stygis</i>. Based on these observations, it is clear that Verhoeff's <i>stygis</i> was actually a non-adult male or “Junior- Männchen” [junior male] – a term coined by Strasser (1971b), referring to typhloiulinine males with almost fully developed gonopods, but with non-modified first pair of legs and other, less conspicuous, underdeveloped external somatic structures (see also Vagalinski <i>et al.</i> 2015). We thus consider here <i>S. illyricus stygis</i> syn. nov. as a junior subjective synonym of the typical <i>S. illyricus</i> comb. nov.</p>Published as part of <i>Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798</i> on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6323002">http://zenodo.org/record/6323002</a>
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