3,909 research outputs found
Corymbophanini Armbruster 2004, NEW TRIBE
No full textCORYMBOPHANINI NEW TRIBE <p> <i>Type genus: Corymbophanes</i> (only genus)</p>Published as part of <i>Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2004, Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae, pp. 1-80 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (1)</i> on page 59, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00109.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429286">http://zenodo.org/record/5429286</a>
Rhinelepini Armbruster 2004, NEW TRIBE
No full textRHINELEPINI NEW TRIBE <p>Includes:</p> <p> <i>Canthopomus</i> Eigenmann, 1910 (synonym of <i>Pseudorinelepis</i>)</p> <p> <i>Monistiancistrus</i> Fowler, 1939 (synonym of <i>Pseudorinelepis</i>)</p> <p> <i>Pogonopoma</i> Regan, 1904</p> <p> <i>Pogonopomoides</i> Gosline, 1947 (synonym of <i>Pogonopoma</i>)</p> <p> <i>Pseudorinelepis</i> Bleeker, 1862</p> <p> <i>Rhinelepis</i> Valenciennes, 1829</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> The Rhinelepini is diagnosed by two unique characteristics: an upper pharyngeal tooth plate with a lateral shelf (31: 1) and a large, U-shaped, two-part diverticulum of the digestive tract (211: 1-3). Other characteristics considered synapomorphic for the Rhinelepini are: loss of the second basibranchial (3: 2), interhyal not contacting the cartilaginous section between the hyomandibula and quadrate (26: 0), a long ventromesial process of the palatine (59: 1), a very large, almost square nasal (105: 2), a flattened and widened parasphenoid (106: 1), a loss of ribs behind the enlarged rib of the sixth vertebral centrum (129: 1), at least a partial exposure of the coracoid strut (162: 0), circular (vs. bilobed) pupils, and a straight oesophagus to which the intestine does not pass dorsally (210: 1). See description and diagnosis of the Rhinelepini in Armbruster (1998b) and Quevedo & Reis (2002).</p> <p> <i>Comparisons:</i> The Rhinelepini can be distinguished from <i>Corymbophanes</i> by the lack of a postdorsal ridge of three or more median preadipose plates, and by having five (vs. three) rows of plates on the caudal peduncle, from the Hypostomini and the Pterygoplichthini by having one unbranched and five branched anal-fin rays (vs. one unbranched and four branched rays) and by lacking the dorsal flap of the iris, and from the Ancistrini and the Pterygoplichthini by lacking highly evertible cheek plates.</p>Published as part of <i>Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2004, Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae, pp. 1-80 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (1)</i> on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00109.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429286">http://zenodo.org/record/5429286</a>
Armbruster, Martin (Death, 1871-11-08)
No full textAddress: Race St.Age at death: 5Pg 207/1871/148/M W S/Cinti/Dr. A. J. Miles/Schreiber/St. JohnsOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'ARMBRUSTER-AS'
Armbruster, Joseph (Death, 1897-11-18)
No full textAddress: St. Francis Hospital 1 Bernard St.Age at death: 37 yrs.Pg 105/1897/392/MW S/Germany/Dr. A. D. Stapleford/J. B. Habig/St. Joseph's OldOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'ARMBRUSTER-AS'
Delturinae ARMBRUSTER, REIS & PEREIRA, NEW SUBFAMILY
No full textDELTURINAE, ARMBRUSTER, REIS & PEREIRA, NEW SUBFAMILY Genera included: Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 and Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type genus: Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Diagnosis: Delturinae is diagnosed by two uniquely derived synapomorphies (from Armbruster, 2004), not seen in any other loricariid and not reversed in any known member of the subfamily: (1) pterotic-supracleithrum with a long, thin, dorsomesial process that originates just ventral to where the hyomandibula contacts the pterotic-supracleithrum (character 115– 1); and (2) anteromesial processes of pelvic basipterygium absent (character 170–1). The following characters are also hypothesized as synapomorphic transitions for the Delturinae, but are shared with a number of other loricariid subgroups: (1) interhyal bone large, almost rectangular (a reversal, character 27–0, shared with Astroblepus, the Loricariinae, Chaetostoma, Cordylancistrus, Dolichancistrus, Leptoancistrus, and Pseudolithoxus); (2) interhyal bone located well above the ventral margin of the hyomandibula (character 28–1, shared with Lithogenes and the Loricariinae); (3) quadrate very wide, nearly as wide as long (character 64–2, shared with Otocinclus and Pseudorinelepis); (4) quadrate with a small flap extending ventrally to symplectic foramen (character 66–1, shared with the clade Hypostomini, Pterygoplichthyini, and Ancistrini); (5) small sesamoid ossification mesial to the preopercle and connected by a ligament to the opercle and angulo-articular (character 73–1, shared with Lithogenes and Pogonopoma); (6) rib of sixth vertebral centrum flared distally so that its tip is much wider than its shaft (character 128–1, shared with Neoplecostomus, Otocinclus, Acanthicus, Megalancistrus, Lasiancistrus, Lithoxus, Neblinichthys, and Pseudancistrus); (7) nuchal plate entirely covered by plates or thick skin (character 147–1, shared with Chaetostoma, Cordylancistrus, Dolichancistrus, Leptoancistrus); (8) anterolateral processes of pelvic basipterygium straight (character 167–2, shared with Pogonopoma and a number of Ancistrini genera); (9) nuptial males with hypertrophied odontodes on cheeks (character 183–1, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, Pareiorhaphis, and some Loricariinae as Ixinandria, Rineloricaria, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys); (10) nuptial males with hypertrophied odontodes on snout, anterior to cheek plates (character 188–1, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, Pareiorhaphis, some Loricariinae as Ixinandria, Rineloricaria, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys, Pseudorinelepis, and a number of Ancistrini genera); (11) postdorsal ridge formed by raised, median, azygous plates between dorsal and adipose fins (character 192–1, shared with Corymbophanes and Leptoancistrus); (12) five transverse rows of plates on the least deep part of the caudal peduncle (character 196–3, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, some Pareiorhaphis, and Hypostominae except Corymbophanes). KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF THE LORICARIIDAE1a. Lateral and dorsal plates anterior to the dorsal fin absent..................................................... Lithogeneinae 1b. Lateral plates anterior to the dorsal fin always present (predorsal plates absent in Pareioraphis nudula)............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle exposed (i.e. supporting odontodes) mesial to the coracoid strut............................................................................................................................................... Hypoptopomatinae2b. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle covered in skin or plates mesial to the coracoid strut (coracoid strut may be exposed; plates may cover the pectoral girdle, but odontodes are supported by the plates and not the girdle).................................................................................................................................................................. 33a. Caudal peduncle dorsoventrally flattened; adipose fin absent.................................................... Loricariinae3b. Caudal peduncle not dorsoventrally flattened; oval, round, or triangular in cross-section; adipose fin rarely absent................................................................................................................................................................. 44a. Postdorsal ridge formed from several azygous preadipose plates. Teeth almost symmetrically bifid............................................................................................................................................................ Delturinae4b. Postdorsal ridge usually absent. Teeth asymmetrical or unicuspid.............................................................. 55a. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped, dorsal-fin spine lock functional................................................. Hypostominae5b. Dorsal-fin spinelet rectangular or absent, dorsal-fin spine lock not functional............... Neoplecostominae Three other characteristics found by Armbruster (2004) to diagnose Delturus are also present in H. nimius but are absent in H. gobio and H. papillatus. These traits are ambiguous, and may either be synapomorphies for Delturinae reversed in the ancestor of H. gobio plus H. papillatus, or convergent for Delturus on the one hand, and for H. nimius on the other. Pending further resolution of that question, the characters are here included as tentative synapomorphies for Delturinae: (1) dorsal fin with supranumerary branched rays (eight to ten in Delturus and seven to nine in H. nimius) (character 142–1, shared with Pterygoplichthys, and a number of Ancistrini); (2) dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped (a reversal, character 148–0, shared with Hypostominae); and (3) dorsal-fin membrane extended posteriorly (character 143–1, shared with Spectracanthicus and Parancistrus; contrary to the situation in Delturus; however, in H. nimius the membrane never contacts the first preadipose plate). On the basis of external morphology, a member of the Delturinae can easily be identified by the combination of two characters: (1) a high preadipose keel, formed by the azygous preadipose plates, and (2) jaw teeth almost symmetrically bifid (Fig. 2). These two traits in combination are not seen in any nondelturine loricariid. Genera included: Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 and Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type genus: Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Diagnosis: Delturinae is diagnosed by two uniquely derived synapomorphies (from Armbruster, 2004), not seen in any other loricariid and not reversed in any known member of the subfamily: (1) pterotic-supracleithrum with a long, thin, dorsomesial process that originates just ventral to where the hyomandibula contacts the pterotic-supracleithrum (character 115– 1); and (2) anteromesial processes of pelvic basipterygium absent (character 170–1). The following characters are also hypothesized as synapomorphic transitions for the Delturinae, but are shared with a number of other loricariid subgroups: (1) interhyal bone large, almost rectangular (a reversal, character 27–0, shared with Astroblepus, the Loricariinae, Chaetostoma, Cordylancistrus, Dolichancistrus, Leptoancistrus, and Pseudolithoxus); (2) interhyal bone located well above the ventral margin of the hyomandibula (character 28–1, shared with Lithogenes and the Loricariinae); (3) quadrate very wide, nearly as wide as long (character 64–2, shared with Otocinclus and Pseudorinelepis); (4) quadrate with a small flap extending ventrally to symplectic foramen (character 66–1, shared with the clade Hypostomini, Pterygoplichthyini, and Ancistrini); (5) small sesamoid ossification mesial to the preopercle and connected by a ligament to the opercle and angulo-articular (character 73–1, shared with Lithogenes and Pogonopoma); (6) rib of sixth vertebral centrum flared distally so that its tip is much wider than its shaft (character 128–1, shared with Neoplecostomus, Otocinclus, Acanthicus, Megalancistrus, Lasiancistrus, Lithoxus, Neblinichthys, and Pseudancistrus); (7) nuchal plate entirely covered by plates or thick skin (character 147–1, shared with Chaetostoma, Cordylancistrus, Dolichancistrus, Leptoancistrus); (8) anterolateral processes of pelvic basipterygium straight (character 167–2, shared with Pogonopoma and a number of Ancistrini genera); (9) nuptial males with hypertrophied odontodes on cheeks (character 183–1, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, Pareiorhaphis, and some Loricariinae as Ixinandria, Rineloricaria, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys); (10) nuptial males with hypertrophied odontodes on snout, anterior to cheek plates (character 188–1, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, Pareiorhaphis, some Loricariinae as Ixinandria, Rineloricaria, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys, Pseudorinelepis, and a number of Ancistrini genera); (11) postdorsal ridge formed by raised, median, azygous plates between dorsal and adipose fins (character 192–1, shared with Corymbophanes and Leptoancistrus); (12) five transverse rows of plates on the least deep part of the caudal peduncle (character 196–3, shared with Isbrueckerichthys, some Pareiorhaphis, and Hypostominae except Corymbophanes). KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF THE LORICARIIDAE1a. Lateral and dorsal plates anterior to the dorsal fin absent..................................................... Lithogeneinae 1b. Lateral plates anterior to the dorsal fin always present (predorsal plates absent in Pareioraphis nudula)............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle exposed (i.e. supporting odontodes) mesial to the coracoid strut............................................................................................................................................... Hypoptopomatinae2b. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle covered in skin or plates mesial to the coracoid strut (coracoid strut may be exposed; plates may cover the pectoral girdle, but odontodes are supported by the plates and not the girdle).................................................................................................................................................................. 33a. Caudal peduncle dorsoventrally flattened; adipose fin absent.................................................... Loricariinae3b. Caudal peduncle not dorsoventrally flattened; oval, round, or triangular in cross-section; adipose fin rarely absent................................................................................................................................................................. 44a. Postdorsal ridge formed from several azygous preadipose plates. Teeth almost symmetrically bifid............................................................................................................................................................ Delturinae4b. Postdorsal ridge usually absent. Teeth asymmetrical or unicuspid.............................................................. 55a. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped, dorsal-fin spine lock functional................................................. Hypostominae5b. Dorsal-fin spinelet rectangular or absent, dorsal-fin spine lock not functional............... Neoplecostominae Three other characteristics found by Armbruster (2004) to diagnose Delturus are also present in H. nimius but are absent in H. gobio and H. papillatus. These traits are ambiguous, and may either be synapomorphies for Delturinae reversed in the ancestor of H. gobio plus H. papillatus, or convergent for Delturus on the one hand, and for H. nimius on the other. Pending further resolution of that question, the characters are here included as tentative synapomorphies for Delturinae: (1) dorsal fin with supranumerary branched rays (eight to ten in Delturus and seven to nine in H. nimius) (character 142–1, shared with Pterygoplichthys, and a number of Ancistrini); (2) dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped (a reversal, character 148–0, shared with Hypostominae); and (3) dorsal-fin membrane extended posteriorly (character 143–1, shared with Spectracanthicus and Parancistrus; contrary to the situation in Delturus; however, in H. nimius the membrane never contacts the first preadipose plate). On the basis of external morphology, a member of the Delturinae can easily be identified by the combination of two characters: (1) a high preadipose keel, formed by the azygous preadipose plates, and (2) jaw teeth almost symmetrically bifid (Fig. 2). These two traits in combination are not seen in any nondelturine loricariid. KEY TO GENERA OF DELTURINAE 1. Adults with body strong and massive, usually attaining large sizes around 200 mm SL (but D. brevis smaller); eye large (orbital diameter 18.0–24.5% HL); dorsal-fin membrane extended posteriorly and contacting first preadipose plate ................................................................................................................ Delturus 1′. Adults with body slender and elongate, usually attaining sizes smaller than 100 mm SL; eye small (orbital diameter 8.6–16.9% HL); dorsal-fin membrane not or slightly extended posteriorly but never in contact with first preadipose plate...................................................................................... Hemipsilichthys KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF THE LORICARIIDAE1a. Lateral and dorsal plates anterior to the dorsal fin absent..................................................... Lithogeneinae 1b. Lateral plates anterior to the dorsal fin always present (predorsal plates absent in Pareioraphis nudula)............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle exposed (i.e. supporting odontodes) mesial to the coracoid strut............................................................................................................................................... Hypoptopomatinae2b. Ventral surface of the pectoral girdle covered in skin or plates mesial to the coracoid strut (coracoid strut may be exposed; plates may cover the pectoral girdle, but odontodes are supported by the plates and not the girdle).................................................................................................................................................................. 33a. Caudal peduncle dorsoventrally flattened; adipose fin absent.................................................... Loricariinae3b. Caudal peduncle not dorsoventrally flattened; oval, round, or triangular in cross-section; adipose fin rarely absent................................................................................................................................................................. 44a. Postdorsal ridge formed from several azygous preadipose plates. Teeth almost symmetrically bifid............................................................................................................................................................ Delturinae4b. Postdorsal ridge usually absent. Teeth asymmetrical or unicuspid.............................................................. 55a. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped, dorsal-fin spine lock functional................................................. Hypostominae5b. Dorsal-fin spinelet rectangular or absent, dorsal-fin spine lock not functional............... NeoplecostominaePublished as part of Reis, Roberto E., Pereira, Edson H. L. & Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2006, Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys, pp. 277-299 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147 (2) on pages 279-280, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00229.x, http://zenodo.org/record/468740
Simulation of farm bargaining board policies in western late potato system
No full textWalter J. Armbruster, Leon Garoian, Albert N. Halter, and James G. Youde.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 49).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Figure 1 in Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys
No full textFigure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships of the Loricariidae modified from Armbruster (2004).Published as part of Reis, Roberto E., Pereira, Edson H. L. & Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2006, Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys, pp. 277-299 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00229.x, http://zenodo.org/record/468740
Figure 18. Suspensorium, mesial view. A, Hoplosternum littorale INHS 69360. B, Delturus anguilicauda USNM 318180 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae
No full textFigure 18. Suspensorium, mesial view. A, Hoplosternum littorale INHS 69360. B, Delturus anguilicauda USNM 318180. Scale bars = 1 mm.Published as part of Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2004, Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae, pp. 1-80 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00109.x, http://zenodo.org/record/542928
Characidium wangyapoik Armbruster & Lujan & Bloom 2021, new species
No full text<i>Characidium wangyapoik</i>, new species <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1EBB34BE-431E-4D03-A343- 6E8132EE810C</p> <p>Figures 1A, 11–12</p> <p> <i>Characidium</i> n. sp. ‘Ireng’.— Lujan et al., 2020: 1216 [locality information].</p> <p> <i>Holotype.—</i> CSBD F-3615 (ex AUM 67118), 1 (1mo/me, 1gm), 72.6 mm SL, Guyana (border with Brazil), Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Amazon River basin, Ireng River, first shoal upriver from split with Sukwabi Creek, 5.07711, –59.97423, N. K. Lujan, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, M. Ram, 8 January 2016.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.—</i> All specimens Guyana (border with Brazil), Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Amazon River basin, Ireng River basin (known as the Rio Mau in Brazil): ANSP 207526, 3 (1mo/me, 3gm), 42.6–56.8 mm SL, AUM 67036, 26 (5mo/ me, 26gm, 4cs), 22.0– 59.9 mm SL, CSBD F-3616, 3 (1mo/me, 3gm), 37.7–52.2 mm SL, INPA ICT-059496, 3 (0mo/me, 3gm), 52.6–54.6 mm SL, ROM 111286, 3 (0mo/me, 3gm), 47.7–53.8 mm SL, Ireng River, at Orinduik Falls, between upper and lower falls, 4.72536, –60.03852, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, M. Ram, 2 January 2016; AUM 67046, 16 (0), 17.8–46.4 mm SL, Ireng River, below lower Orinduik Falls, 4.71898, –60.03507, N. K. Lujan, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, M. Ram, 3 January 2016; AUM 67068, 18 (0), 25.2–43.5 mm SL, Ireng River, at Branana Rapids, shoals downstream of Orinduik Falls, 4.67585, –60.06046, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, D. I. Brooks, M. Ram, 4 January 2016; AUM 67076, 4 (0), 36.0– 40.4 mm SL, Ireng River, at Orinduik Falls, between upper and lower falls, 4.72536, –60.03852, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, D. I. Brooks, M. Ram, N. K. Lujan, 4 January 2016; AUM 67077, 20 (0mo/me, 13gm), 31.8–51.9 mm SL, Ireng River, at Orinduik Falls, around halfway between upper and lower falls, 4.72176, –60.03703, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, D. I. Brooks, M. Ram, N. K. Lujan, 4 January 2016; AUM 67094, 1 (0), 30.2 mm SL, Ireng River, just above Orinduik Falls, 4.72798, –60.03597, N. K. Lujan, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, D. I. Brooks, M. Ram, 5 January 2016; AUM 67118, 14 (4mo/me, 7gm, 2cs), 49.4–76.1 mm SL, INPA ICT-059497, 2 (1mo/me, 2gm), 60.6–62.6 mm SL, first shoal upriver from split with Sukwabi Creek, 5.07711, –59.97423, N. K. Lujan, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, M. Ram, 8 January 2016; AUM 67143, 6 (0mo/me, 6gm), 44.8–67.7 mm SL, Ireng River, shoals at mouth of Monkey Creek, Kaibarupai, 5.04398, –59.97717, N. K. Lujan, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, 9 January 2016; AUM 67181, 9 (3mo/me, 9gm), 49.1–68.8 mm SL, ROM 111287, 2 (2mo/me, 2gm), 60.6–61.3 mm SL, Ireng River, shoals at mouth of Monkey Creek, Kaibarupai, 5.04398, –59.97717, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, D. I. Brooks, 12 January 2016; AUM 67189, 2 (0mo/ me, 2gm), Sukwabi Creek, East Fork, downstream of Wotowanda Falls, 5.08867, –59.96952, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, D. I. Brooks, D. C. Werneke, P. Peters, R. Daniel, local fishermen, 13 January 2016; AUM 67196, 12 (0mo/me, 11gm), 28.1–67.9 mm SL, Ireng River, downstream of Kaibarupai, 5.02404, –59.97763, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, M. Ram, D. I. Brooks, 14 January 2016; AUM 67199, 2 (0), 19.7–23.2 mm SL, Ireng River, at Sand Hill shoals, 4.96554, –59.99411, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, M. Ram, D. I. Brooks, 14 January 2016; AUM 67204, 12 (5mo/me), 17.1–72.0 mm SL, Ireng River, at Waipa Landing, 4.93345, –59.99514, D. C. Werneke, J. W. Armbruster, N. K. Lujan, M. Ram, D. I. Brooks, 14 January 2016.</p> <p> <i> <i>Diagnosis.—</i> Characidium wangyapoik</i> can be distinguished from all crenuchids except <i>C. crandellii, C. declivirostre,</i> and <i>C. duplicatum</i> by having venter without scales from the isthmus to the pelvic girdle (vs. maximally to pectoral insertion) and from most species of <i>Characidium</i> by having a very large pectoral fin with first three unbranched pectoral-fin rays thickened and first pectoral-fin ray bent at an oblique angle (vs. pectoral-fin rays not thickened and first pectoral-fin ray either straight or slightly convex). <i>Characidium wangyapoik</i> differs from <i>C. crandellii, C. declivirostre,</i> and <i>C. duplicatum</i> by having at least the ventral region of flank with thin bars becoming contiguous across body at larger sizes (vs. ventral area with almost square blotches), having lateral-line canal in most of scales very short (<b>~</b> 25% of scale length), and having canal pores covered by preceding scales (vs. canal at least 33% of scale length and pores not covered by preceding scales); from <i>C. crandellii</i> by having 10 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 12), having two or more thin dark bands consisting of spots on rays in dorsal and pectoral fins (vs. a median wide dark band with pigment concentrated on membranes in dorsal fin and pectoral fin either entirely dark or dark with lighter middle), having an almost square dorsal fin with slightly concave distal margin (vs. falcate), having adipose fin located above middle of anal-fin base (vs. anterior edge of adipose fin at or behind vertical through posteriormost anal-fin insertion), by having dentary and premaxillary teeth narrow, peg-like, and maximally tricuspid with only central cusp well developed (vs. wide and tri- to pentacuspid, central cusp longest), by having zero to two (total) teeth in second dentary row (vs. 8 or more); by a preanal length/SL ratio of 77.4–82.3% (vs. 72.9–76.6%), and anal–apex length/SL ratio of 94.6–100.3% (vs. 89.4–94.0%); from <i>C. declivirostre</i> by having the flanks with 10 or more narrow bars (vs. less than 10 almost square blotches); and from <i>C. duplicatum</i> by having one leading unbranched pelvic ray (vs. two). <i>Characidium wangyapoik</i> is most similar in color to <i>C. amaila</i> from the upper Kuribrong River, but it has bands in the dorsal and pectoral fins (vs. no bands in <i>C. amaila</i>) and the unbranched pectoral-fin rays are greatly thickened (vs. only slightly thickened).</p> <p> <i>Description.—</i> Measurements based on 21 specimens (Table 2); meristics based on 20 specimens (reported below). Dorsal profile of body forms convex arc from tip of snout to posterior end of supraoccipital, then becomes steeper and longer convex arc from supraoccipital to end of dorsal fin (highest point of arc at dorsal-fin origin); dorsal profile relatively straight and ventrally angled from dorsal fin to adipose fin, then forming concave arc to caudal fin. Ventral profile straight to anal fin, then forming concave arc to caudal fin. Body depth greatest at dorsal origin and least at middle of caudal peduncle. Body oval in cross section anteriorly (flattened ventrally) and oval with dorsal and ventral surfaces somewhat flattened on caudal peduncle. Eye diameter 52.5–69.0% snout length, decreasing in size with SL (Fig. 3), oval, angled with anterior vertex ventral to posterior vertex; dorsal rim of orbit slightly higher than interorbital surface. Snout broadly rounded. Gill membranes united across isthmus. Tubercles present in both sexes dorsally on head and anterodorsal scales.</p> <p>Scales cycloid with most scales having 10–30 short, parallel striae (most on first postdorsal scale). Lateral line complete with canal occupying approximately 1/4 of scale length and pores covered by previous scales; 30 (1), 31 (4), 32 (12), or 33 (3) lateral-line scales; lateral-line scales distinctly smaller anteriorly; naked area between anterior lateral-line scales and pectoral-fin base; lateral line continues onto scales covering caudal base. 4 scales above lateral line and 2 scales below lateral line; 10 circumpeduncular scales. Scales covering anterior 1/5 of caudal fin. 7 (2), 8 (14), or 9 (4) predorsal scales. Venter unscaled on isthmus and posteriorly to 4 to 5 scales anterior to pelvic-fin origin.</p> <p> Dorsal fin with 2 unbranched and 8 (1) or 9 (19) branched rays (ii,8–9); first unbranched ray about 1/3 length of second; first unbranched ray longest and last shortest; fin roughly rectangular. Pectoral fin with 3 unbranched and 10 (19) or 11 (1) branched rays (iii,10–11); unbranched rays and first branched ray with thick pads of tissue anteriorly; first unbranched ray strongly curved; first branched ray longest and last shortest; pectoral fin oriented obliquely on body with posteriormost insertion located posterodorsally to origin. Pelvic fin with 1 leading unbranched ray, 6 (19) or 7 (1) branched rays, and 1 posterior unbranched ray (i,6–7,i); first branched ray longest; 2 to 3 pelvic axillary scales present with complex covering <b>~</b> half of pelvic-fin base. Anal fin with 2 unbranched rays and 5 branched rays (ii,5); first unbranched ray slightly less than 1/3 length of second, closely adhered; fin margin curved with second unbranched ray longest and last branched ray shortest. Caudal fin with 1 unbranched and 8 (4) or 9 (16) branched rays in upper lobe and 8 (16), or 9 (4) branched and 1 unbranched ray in lower lobe (i,8–9,8–9,i); forked with upper and lower lobes coequal. Adipose fin present with base centered on vertical through middle of anal-fin base. Rays of paired, dorsal, and anal fins with thick flaps of skin dorsally (paired fins) and laterally (dorsal and anal fins) that overlap successive rays in adpressed fins; flaps widest and longest anteriorly, decreasing in size and width posteriorly, flaps usually absent on posterior rays.</p> <p>Teeth tricuspid, narrow and peg-like with median cusp round and lateral cusps poorly developed. 6 (4), 7 (12), or 8 (4) premaxillary teeth. 9 (3), 10 (6), 11 (6), 12 (4), or 14 (1) teeth in outer dentary row. Inner dentary row comprising many small, unicuspid teeth; teeth may be poorly visible or absent in smaller specimens. Ectopterygoid with two rows of approximately 10 (lateral) and 5–10 (medial) minute teeth.</p> <p> Branchiostegal rays 4; 1 ray attached to posterior ceratohyal; 3 rays attached to anterior ceratohyal. Gill rakers 2–3 on dorsal limb, 1 on angle, 6–7 on ventral limb of anterior branchial arch. One supraorbital present; crescent shaped; from dorsal midpoint of orbit to dorsal <b>~</b> 1/4 of anterior scleral ossicle. All elements of infraorbital series, except infraorbital 1, without laminar component. Parietal branch of supraorbital sensory canal extending less than 1/4 into parietal. Parietal fontanel reduced to tiny triangle at posterior borders of parietals, almost absent in some; smallest specimens with gap between parietals. Frontal foramina above supraorbital canal 3–4 with some posterior foramina sometimes combined, wide, circular.</p> <p>Total number of vertebrae 33 (3). Vertebral centra 2–4 fused, without ventral processes. Rib of centrum 4 distally expanded, extending anteriorly toward lateral process of centrum 2. Posterior chamber of swim bladder extremely reduced, about length of one vertebral centrum. Supraneurals between neural spine of fourth centrum and anterior dorsal-fin pterygiophore 4 (4), 5 (1). Epurals 3 (5). Uroneural present, about 1/2 as long as urostyle.</p> <p> <i>Coloration in life.—</i> (Fig. 11) Base color tan with slight yellow tinge (particularly on head, fins, and dorsally). Dorsal surface with many (<b>~</b> 10) diffuse saddles that seem to subdivide in larger specimens. Faint stripe present along lateral line. Numerous narrow bars below lateral line (1–1.5 scale rows wide). These may extend above lateral line and join with dorsal saddles (particularly in larger specimens). Color generally concentrated on scales with each scale having lighter edges, but either anterior or posterior edges may be light. Ventral surface gray with ventral bars almost meeting midventrally. Iridescent yellow-green stripe noticeable in some specimens between midlateral stripe and dorsal surface; stripe located below dark pigment and fades at insertion of posteriormost dorsal-fin ray.</p> <p>Head with dorsal saddle that extends to near ventral margin of opercle (posterior margin of opercle gray to yellow). Large dark blotches present below and behind eye. Wide stripe present from eye to snout. Dark bands present between orbits and down snout. Amount of melanin on head varies, some individuals with large gray to yellow patches and some almost entirely dark. Iridescent green spot present in some specimens located dorsal to postorbital dark spot.</p> <p> Dorsal fin with dark distal margin, gray band that changes to yellow proximally, then black band made of spots on rays that covers <b>~</b> 1/4 width of fin (interradial membranes gray along band), then narrow gray to yellow band, and finally proximal black band made of roughly triangular spots with longest edges along anterior margins of rays and sloping posteroventrally to posterior margin of rays (interradial membranes gray to yellow); all bands more diffuse anteriorly. Pectoral fin with gray distal margin changing to yellow proximally; dark spots present in two bands distally; distalmost dark band with spots only on rays, but some spots bleed onto membranes in proximal band; dark band at base of pectoral fin may be present; pectoral-fin colors more diffuse ventrally, generally gray with fleshy pads of unbranched and first branched rays almost white. Pelvic fin colored similarly to pectoral with single median band that includes melanophores on interradial membranes and band at base of fin. Anal fin as pelvic fin, but no basal band. Adipose fin yellow to gray proximally and dark distally with dark color confluent with saddle below it. Base color of caudal fin dark with pigment concentrated at junctions of lepidotrichia; two yellow spots present at base (just above and just below midline), single median spot located along midline just after proximal spots, rest of fin with large yellow blotches proximally and large gray blotches distally (gray blotches may fade into base color).</p> <p> <i>Coloration in alcohol.—</i> (Fig. 12) As in life but yellows and grays become tan and iridescence is lost.</p> <p> <i>Distribution.—</i> (Fig. 9) <i>Characidium wangyapoik</i> is only known from the upper Ireng River basin (Amazon River) along the Brazil / Guyana border (known as the Rio Mau in Brazil). Specimens were collected from below Orinduik Falls to the upper falls on the Ireng and its equal tributary, the Sukwabi River, but not above the Uluk Tuwuk or Wotawanda falls of the upper Ireng and Sukwabi Rivers (see Lujan et al., 2020, for a more detailed map and description of this area).</p> <p> <i> <i>Etymology.—</i> Wangyapoik</i> is the Patamona word for the species, and it is used as a noun in apposition. <i>Wang</i> means ‘honey’ and <i>yapoik</i> means ‘seated,’ perhaps in reference to the yellowish color. The Patamona also refer to the species by the English common name of ‘‘fallsfish.’’</p>Published as part of <i>Armbruster, Jonathan W., Lujan, Nathan K. & Bloom, Devin D., 2021, Redescription of the Guiana Shield Darter Species Characidium crandellii and C. declivirostre (Crenuchidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 102-122 in Ichthyology & Herpetology 109 (1)</i> on pages 117-120, DOI: 10.1643/i2019299, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7846669">http://zenodo.org/record/7846669</a>
Characidium duplicatum Armbruster & Lujan & Bloom 2021, new species
No full textCharacidium duplicatum, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 11B1C6B7-9273-4C91-959A-31FDF3C0797B Figure 10 Leptocharacidium sp. — Hardman et al., 2002: 235 [locality record]. Holotype.— CSBD F-3614 (ex AUM 62835), 1 (1mo/me, 1gm), 39.4 mm SL, Guyana, Region 8 (Potaro-Siparuni), Potaro- Essequibo River basin, Kuribrong River, in rapids at Grass Shoals, 05.40791, –059.53179, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, E. A. Liverpool, D. P. Fernandes, D. C. Taphorn, 12 March 2014. Paratypes.— Guyana: AUM 28124, 1 (1mo/me), 25.2 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Potaro River, Amatuk cataract and beach just below cataract, 5.30389, –59.31111, L. M. Page, J. W. Armbruster, M. H. Sabaj, M. Hardman, J. H. Knouft, W. S. Prince, 25 October 1998; AUM 28135, 5 (5mo/me, 5gm, 1cs), 19.6–22.6 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Potaro River, Waratuk cataract, 5.25889, –59.40028, L. M. Page, J. W. Armbruster, M. H. Sabaj, M. Hardman, J. H. Knouft, W. S. Prince, 26 October 1998; AUM 62835, 1 (1mo/me, 1gm), 38.9 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Kuribrong River, in rapids at Grass Shoals, 5.40791, –59.53179, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, E. A. Liverpool, D. P. Fernandes, D. C. Taphorn, 12 March 2014; AUM 72308, 1 (0mo, 1me, 1gm), 29.9 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Kuribrong River, at Ram Sheep Rapids, 5.44236, –59.50201, D. C. Taphorn, J. W. Armbruster, D. C. Werneke, E. A. Liverpool, D. P. Fernandes, M. Benjamin, 13 March 2014; ROM 61496, 13 (5mo/me, 7gm), 19.5–28.9 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Potaro River, Amatuk Falls, side channel of Potaro River near portage, 5.30421, –59.31051, E. Holm, 2 October 1990; ROM 110060, 1 (1mo/me, 1 gm), 36.2 mm SL, Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Essequibo River basin, Sheetrock Creek at crossing of road between Wailang and Mona Falls, 5.47494, –59.43769, N. K. Lujan, E. Liverpool, D. Gordon, M. Benjamen, L. Ziccardi, O. Williams, 29 April 2013. Other specimens examined.— Guyana: AUM 38991, 1 (1mo/ me, 1gm), 25.2 mm SL, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region 9), Essequibo River basin, Essequibo River at Kassi- Attae Rapids, 5.5 km SE mouth of Kuyuwini River, 2.22654, –58.29379, J. W. Armbruster, M. H. Sabaj, M. Hardman, D. Arjoon, N. K. Lujan, L. S. de Souza, 10 November 2003; AUM 39024, 7 (6mo, 7me, 6gm, 1cs), 25.0–30.0 mm SL, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region 9), Essequibo River basin, Essequibo River at Yukanopito Falls, 44.5 km SW mouth of Kuyuwini River, 1.91461, –58.52046, J. W. Armbruster, M. H. Sabaj, M. Hardman, D. Arjoon, N. K. Lujan, L. S. de Souza, 9 November 2003. Diagnosis.— Characidium duplicatum can be distinguished from all other crenuchids except Leptocharacidium by having two anterior unbranched pelvic rays, and from all crenuchids except C. crandellii, C. declivirostre, and C. wangyapoik, new species, by having venter without scales from the isthmus to pelvic girdle (vs. maximally to posteriormost pectoral-fin ray insertion), and from most species of Characidium by having a very large pectoral fin with first four unbranched pectoral-fin rays thickened, and first pectoral-fin ray bent at oblique angle (vs. pectoral-fin rays not thickened and first ray either straight or slightly convex). Characidium duplicatum further differs from C. declivirostre and C. wangyapoik, new species, by having four unbranched pectoral-fin rays (vs. three); from C. crandellii by having nine branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 10– 11); pelvic fin ii,5,i (vs. i,6,i), by having ten circumpeduncular scales (vs. 12), by having two or more thin dark bands consisting of spots on dorsal- and pectoral-fin rays (vs. a median wide dark band with pigment concentrated on dorsal- and pectoral-fin membranes, membranes either entirely dark or lighter at center), by having an almost square dorsal fin with slightly concave distal margin (vs. falcate), by having adipose fin above middle of anal-fin base (vs. origin of adipose fin above or behind vertical through posteriormost anal-fin ray insertion), by having dentary and premaxillary teeth narrow, peg-like, maximally tricuspid with only central cusp well developed (vs. wide and tri- to pentacuspid, central cusp longest), by having no teeth in the second dentary row (vs. 8 or more), and by an anal–apex length/SL ratio of 94.5–100.0% (vs. 89.4–94.0%). In addition, the anterior border of the pectoral girdle is convex such that it is deepest at the midline in C. duplicatum, while the anterior border is slightly notched (deepest lateral of midline) in C. declivirostre and C. wangyapoik, new species, and deeply notched in C. crandellii. Description.— Measurements based on 20 specimens (Table 2); meristics based on 23 specimens. Dorsal profile of body convex arc from tip of snout to posterior end of supraoccipital, then beginning steeper and longer concave arc from supraoccipital to end of dorsal fin (highest point of arc at dorsal-fin origin); body then relatively straight and angled ventrally to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile straight to end of pelvic base, rises slightly to anal fin, then concave arc to caudal fin. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin and shallowest at middle of caudal peduncle. Body oval in cross section anteriorly and oval with dorsal and ventral surfaces somewhat flattened on caudal peduncle. Eye diameter 78.8– 118.0% snout length, decreasing in size with SL (Fig. 3), oval, angled with anterior vertex ventral to posterior vertex; dorsal rim of orbit significantly higher than interorbital surface. Snout broadly rounded. Gill membranes united across isthmus, but width of membrane greater in larger specimens. Tubercles absent. Scales cycloid with approximately 10 parallel striae in first postdorsal scale. Lateral line complete with canal in most scales occupying approximately 33–50% of scales and pores exposed just posterior to previous scale (some scales with pore at or near posterior end of scale); 28 (1), 29 (10), 30 (3), or 31 (3) lateral-line scales; lateral-line scales distinctly smaller anteriorly; naked area between anterior lateral-line scales and pectoral-fin base; lateral line continues onto scales covering caudal-fin base. 4 scales above lateral line and 1 (3) or 2 (14) scales below lateral line, 10 circumpeduncular scales. Scales covering anterior 20% of caudal fin. 8 (5), 9 (9), 10 (2), or 11 (1) predorsal scales. Venter unscaled on isthmus and posteriorly to approximately 2 scales before pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal fin with 2 unbranched and 8 (1), 9 (20) or 10 (2) branched rays (ii,8–10); first unbranched ray slightly less than one-half length of second, closely adhered; first branched ray longest and antepenultimate shortest, making fin slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 4 unbranched and 8 (2), 9 (19), or 10 (2) branched rays (iv,8–10); unbranched rays with thick pads of tissue anteriorly; first unbranched ray strongly curved posteriorly; fourth unbranched ray longest and last branched ray shortest; pectoral fin oriented obliquely on body with posteriormost insertion located dorsal to origin. Pelvic fin with 2 leading unbranched rays, 5 branched rays, and 1 posterior unbranched ray (ii,5,i); second branched ray longest; 2 to 3 pelvic axillary scales present with complex covering ~ half of pelvic-fin base. Anal fin with 2 unbranched rays and 3 (1) or 5 (22) branched rays (ii,3 or 5); first unbranched ray less than 1/3 length of second, closely adhered; fin slightly falcate with second branched ray longest, first unbranched ray considerably shorter, rays then becoming shorter to last; anal fin fits into concavity made by steep, concave margin of ventral profile starting at anal-fin origin. Caudal fin with 1 unbranched and 10 (22) branched rays in upper lobe and 9 (22) branched and 1 unbranched ray in lower lobe (i,10,9,i; one specimen had caudal fin too damaged to count rays); forked with upper and lower lobes equal. Adipose fin present with base centered on vertical over middle of anal-fin base. Rays of paired, dorsal, and anal fins with thick flaps of skin dorsally (paired fins) and laterally (dorsal and anal fins) that overlap successive rays of adpressed fin; flaps widest and longest anteriorly, decreasing in size and width posteriorly, sometimes absent on posterior rays. Teeth tricuspid, narrow and peg-like with median cusp round and lateral cusps poorly developed. 5 (3), 6 (14), or 7 (6) premaxillary teeth. 3 (1), 5 (4), 6 (6), 7 (10), 8 (1), or 9 (1) teeth in outer dentary row. No teeth observed on inner dentary row. Ectopterygoid with single row of approximately 10 minute teeth. Branchiostegal rays 4; 1 ray attached to posterior ceratohyal; 3 rays attached to anterior ceratohyal. Gill rakers 1–3 on dorsal limb, 1 on angle, 3–5 on ventral limb of anterior branchial arch. One supraorbital present; approximately crescent shaped with ventral side almost straight; from dorsal midpoint of orbit to dorsal ~ 1/3 of anterior scleral ossicle. All elements of infraorbital series, except infraorbital 1, without laminar component. Parietal branch of supraorbital sensory canal extending to middle of parietal. Parietal fontanel absent; however, parietals do not meet along midline, perhaps due to small size of cleared and stained specimens. Frontal foramina above supraorbital canal 3 wide, circular. Total number of vertebrae 33 (2). Vertebral centra 2–4 fused, without ventral processes. Rib of centrum 4 distally expanded, extending anteriorly toward lateral process of centrum 2. Swim bladder was not examined. Supraneurals between neural spine of fourth centrum and anterior dorsal-fin pterygiophore 4(2). Epurals 3(2). Uroneural present, about 3/4 as long as urostyle. Color in life.— (Fig. 10) Body with yellow base color dorsally fading to gray ventrally. Dorsal surface covered with eight dark saddles, first on posterior of head, three between head and dorsal-fin origin (middle band lighter), one under dorsal fin, one between dorsal and adipose fins, one beginning under posterior half of adipose and continuing on caudal peduncle, and one at end of the caudal peduncle. Lighter spaces between saddles with yellow pigment covered by brown dorsally. Lateral stripe faintly visible, formed by scales in stripe with spot of color that leaves anterior edges of scales yellow-gray. Scales with spots covering all except anterior edge of scales present in all regions of body; spots more distinct on caudal peduncle. Several long wide blotches below lateral line with those between posteriormost pectoral-fin ray insertion and anal-fin origin most distinct. Dorsal fin with two distalmost bands formed from spots on rays with interspaces on rays yellow and fin membranes gray; proximal band of dorsal fin similar to others, but anterior end of band with large spot that covers both rays and membranes. Pectoral fin with three bands consisting of spots on branched rays; unbranched rays with central column of black surrounded by gray; interradial membranes gray; large dark spot present above most of pectoral fin and yellow spot present just above pectoral-fin origin; anterior base of pectoral fin to opercle gray with some patches of black melanophores. Pelvic fin colored similar to dorsal fin but with two bands; base of pelvic fin yellow. Anal fin with one medial dark band made of spots centered on rays and bleeding into interradial membranes; rest of anal fin gray. Adipose fin with yellow-gray base and dark tip contiguous with dorsal saddles below. Caudal fin with mostly gray membranes and alternating dark and yellow patches; dark patches longer than yellow patches on central rays and distally on all rays; dorsal- and ventralmost three or four rays with two to three large yellow spots surrounded by black; yellows and blacks fading distally. Head mostly mottled with black and dusky yellow; black interorbital bar present, continuing ventrally along anterior border of eye; large, dark crescent anterior of eye with small connection to interorbital bar; large black spot below eye that widens and fades ventrally; large dark spot on opercle, preopercle, and posterior infraorbitals. Some iridescent green and yellow spots present posterior to eye. Color in alcohol.— (Fig. 10) Similar to life except with iridescence absent and grays and yellows converted to tan. Holotype and specimen collected with it (AUM 62835) considerably darker than all other specimens. Distribution.— (Fig. 9) Found throughout the Essequibo River basin, but has been rarely encountered during our surveys. Most locations are in the lower Potaro and Kuribrong, but two localities are in the upper Essequibo upstream of the mouth of the Kuyuwini River. Remarks.— Because Characidium duplicatum is distributed in both the lower and upper Essequibo with no collections in between, we excluded the upper Essequibo localities from the type series to be more certain that the types contain a single species. Although similar to Characidium declivirostre in color pattern, C. duplicatum has extra unbranched pectoral and leading pelvic rays. The fourth unbranched pectoral and second unbranched pelvic rays are more similar in appearance to the first unbranched rays than to other branched rays, suggesting that the extra unbranched fin rays were gained via conversion of anterior branched rays. This is further supported by the fact that the pectoral and pelvic fins have the same total number of rays (usually 13 and 8, respectively) in C. duplicatum and C. declivirostre. The fourth unbranched pectoral ray and second unbranched pelvic rays are also the longest in their respective fins, while the first branched ray is the longest in C. declivirostre and C. wangyapoik, new species. The only other crenuchid with two unbranched pelvic rays is Leptocharacidium omospilus. Etymology.— Duplicatum is Latin for double and is a neuter adjective. In reference to the presence of two unbranched anal-fin rays.Published as part of Armbruster, Jonathan W., Lujan, Nathan K. & Bloom, Devin D., 2021, Redescription of the Guiana Shield Darter Species Characidium crandellii and C. declivirostre (Crenuchidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 102-122 in Ichthyology & Herpetology 109 (1) on pages 113-116, DOI: 10.1643/i2019299, http://zenodo.org/record/784666
- …
