92 research outputs found
Orfeo Tv e le televisioni di strada. Quando le rivoluzioni vengono dal basso
No full textLe nuove tecnologie stanno rivoluzionando la diffusione e l’accesso alle informazioni, abbassando le barriera all’entrata di nuovi operatori (ad esempio in settori tradizionalmente chiusi come quello televisivo), e aumentando così la pluralità dell’informazione e le possibilità di partecipazione. In questo articolo viene analizzato il caso di Orfeo Tv e Telestreet e come il fenomeno delle televisioni di strada sia stato precursore di nuovi modelli di produzione e diffusione dell’informazione. Gli autori discutono l’intreccio tra evoluzione istituzionale e innovazione tecnologica, le questioni aperte sul fronte normativo, e le implicazioni in termini di cambiamento dell’interfaccia produttore/fruitore
Gruppo di alimentazione e taglio per un erogatore di fogli di carta ricavati da un nastro continuo
No full textPlayStation and the Power of Unexpected Consequences
No full textIt has been suggested that research business strategy is like studying specimens on a wall. By examining successful stories, one can easily identify the strategic factors responsible for such a success, and the greater the success, the more evident those factors are. Timing, strategic positioning, pricing policies, lead-time – everything goes back to the place where it fits best, like a beautiful mosaic. Even competitors' mistakes become more evident, their dull misunderstanding of what the winner was planning as every successful move leads to an even more successful one. The case of Sony PlayStation, the most successful digital games console ever, is no exception and the temptation to explain the rationale behind such an achievement is almost irresistible. As this paper tries to suggest, sometimes ex- post rationalizations hide or avoid part of the truth. Despite PlayStation's success, Sony's strategic choices were, on more than one occasion, driven more by lucky coincidence than by long-range planning. Furthermore, this paper shows how some of the strategic factors behind PlayStation's winning run sprang from decisions taken by lack of alternatives, and that only in the very end was Sony able to understand their full profit potential
Talking about routines in the field: the emergence of organizational capabilities in a new cellular phone network company
No full textExploring the impact of NPR3 gene silencing on grapevine defense responses and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis establishment
No full textSystemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is a crucial component of plant immunity, enabling a broad-spectrum defense against a variety of pathogens. SAR is mediated by the signalling molecule salicylic acid (SA), which activates a cascade of defense responses. Central to the regulation of SAR is NPR3, which functions as a transcriptional co-repressor of NPR1, a key positive regulator of SAR onset. By modulating NPR3 activity, it is possible to heighten the plant immune responses and enhance resistance to several pathogens. This study aims to improve the plant's resistance to biotic stresses and explore how NPR3 knock-out (through genome editing) can affect the plant interaction with soil microorganisms, particularly considering the accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To achieve this, embryogenic calli from the elite grapevine cultivar Chardonnay were transformed to generate NPR3 knock-out lines. Once obtained, edited plants were assessed against spontaneous infection of Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew (PM). Our results demonstrated that NPR3 knock-out lines exhibited enhanced resilience to PM compared to wild-type plants. Biometric, molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses revealed that the improved resilience is associated with higher leaf thickness and overaccumulation of stilbenes with respect to WT plants. Metabarcoding of the leaf-associated fungal community highlighted a reduction of other important grape pathogens, suggesting a potential broader impact than PM tolerance alone. Beyond limiting the plant susceptibility to pathogens, another critical aspect of our study was to investigate how editing of NPR3 influences the symbiotic relationships with AMF. AM symbiosis plays a crucial role in plant health by improving nutrient and water uptake, enhancing stress tolerance, and the overall plant fitness. To assess AMF colonization, gnotobiotic-like NPR3-edited plants were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis under axenic conditions. A significant increase in root colonization was observed among the edited lines, indicating that NPR3 silencing improves the plant's ability to recruit and interact with AM fungi. These findings suggest that manipulating NPR3 not only enhances plant defence responses, but also positively impacts the plant's symbiotic relationships. In conclusion, our research demonstrates the potential to enhance grapevine resilience by targeting the NPR3 gene trough genome editing. Beyond the basic research information on NPR3 functional characterization, this work paves the way for developing innovative strategies to address biotic and abiotic stresses in grapevine, ensuring healthier and more sustainable vineyard management practices. Further molecular and biochemical analyses are ongoing to dissect the recruiting mechanisms altered in NPR3 mutants
Advancements in in vitro culture techniques and genetic transformation for grapevine improvement
No full textGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) stands as a pivotal fruit crop with immense economic significance globally, contributing substantially to the agricultural sector and the overarching global economy. In vitro culture methodologies have emerged as indispensable tools for the propagation, preservation, and genetic enhancement of grapevine, particularly through the induction and maintenance of embryogenic calli, which hold considerable promise for various biotechnological applications, including those employing New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBT).
Despite the potential of NPBT to augment grapevines by introducing desirable traits such as disease resistance, tolerance to environmental stress, and enhanced fruit quality, its present application is limited by notable technical and biological issues. These challenges encompass the considerable heterozygosity of the grapevine genome, resistance to transformation, the requisite presence of embryogenic calli specific to the genotype of interest, and the intricacies associated with regenerating embryos post-transformation.
In our investigation, we developed a novel system incorporating Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs) and their associated proteins, the GRF-Interacting Factors (GIFs), aimed to enhance the regenerative potential of genetically transformed calli, notably within the Glera genotype, which holds particular importance in Prosecco winemaking. To evaluate the efficacy of this system, a series of experiments were conducted on recalcitrant embryogenic calli derived from the Glera genotype. Six months following genetic transformation, the regeneration efficiency was evaluated by quantifying the number of developed embryos resulting from each transformation event and assessing their capacity to mature into viable plants
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