371 research outputs found
Intensity correlations of thermal light: Noise reduction measurements and new ghost imaging protocols
No full textWe demonstrate measurement of normalized Glauber’s intensity correlation functions of different orders using an array photodetector. As the light source, we use a laser beam scattered by a rotating ground glass disc, which has statistics close to that of thermal light. We compare the measurements of the normalized correlation functions to that of the difference-intensity variance and show that they are in a certain sense complementary. The independence of the variance measurement on the number of temporal modes has been demonstrated for the first time. Different versions of high-order ghost imaging are also realized and characterized quantitatively
The dynamics of Bertrand price competition with cost-reducing investments
No full textWe extend the classic Bertrand duopoly model of price competition to a dynamic setting where competing duopolists invest in a stochastically improving production technology to “leapfrog” their rival and attain temporary low‐cost leadership. We find a huge multiplicity of Markov‐perfect equilibria (MPE) and show that when firms move simultaneously the set of all MPE payoffs is a triangle that includes monopoly payoffs and a symmetric zero mixed strategy payoff. When firms move asynchronously, the set of MPE payoffs is strictly within this triangle, but there still is a vast multiplicity of MPE, most of which involve leapfrogging.The authors would like to acknowledge the funding received from the Danish Council for Independent Research and Innovation Fund Denmark. Fedor Iskhakov
gratefully acknowledges the support from the Australian Research Council projects CE110001029 and FL110100247 as well as from Frisch Centre project 1307 financed by the Ministry of Labor, Norwa
Experimental Verification of Theoretical Stress-Strain Model for Compressed Concrete Considering Post-Peak Stage
No full textThe theoretical stress-strain model for compressed composite cement materials’ behavior without empirical coefficients was proposed by Iskhakov in 2018. This model includes the following main parameters describing concrete behavior: stresses and strains corresponding to the border between the elastic and non-elastic behavior stages of a concrete specimen, ultimate elastic strains, and stresses and strains at the end of the post-peak region. Particular attention is focused on the descending branch of the stress-strain diagram, as well as on the analysis of concrete elastic and plastic potentials. These potentials are important for assessing the dynamic response of the concrete element section, as well as for concrete creep analysis. The present research is aimed at experimental verification of the above-mentioned theoretical model. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones, which confirms the model’s accuracy and enables a significant reduction in the empirical coefficients number in compressed reinforced concrete elements design. This, in turn, represents the scientific novelty of this study
Structural dynamic model of retirement with latent health indicator
No full textThis paper provides an empirical analysis of substitution between early retirement and disability as two major exit routes from the labour market in Norway. Analysis is based on a dynamic structural model that addresses the interplay between health, institutional constraints and economic incentives of men and women in the later part of their working lives. Unlike most previous research, which has typically used self-reported and indirect measures of disability conditions, in this paper health is modelled as a direct latent indicator of the eligibility to retire through the disability system. The model specifically accounts for the fact that employment may coincide with bad health when employees do not opt for disability in favour of more desirable retirement opportunities in the future. Norwegian register data are used for estimation. The substitution between disability and early retirement exits is investigated by simulating a complete elimination of the latter. The simulation suggests a moderate inflow of the displaced early pensioners into disability combined with partial employment and negligible inflow into the full-time disability. Copyright (C) 2010 The Author(s). The Econometrics Journal (C) 2010 Royal Economic Society
The Term of the “Tatar-Mongols/Mongol-Tatars”: The Ethnic or Political Concept? An Experience of the Source Study and Conceptual Analysis »
No full textIn recent years, researchers have begun to pay greater attention to the ethnic aspects of the Great Mongolian State’s formation at the turn of the 12th–13th centuries. However, a key problem of this period still remains controversial. This problem is related to the definition of ethnicity of the Tatar and other kindred clans. This article analyzes the problem in order to achieve a clear understanding of the ethnic situation in Central Asia during the formation of Eke Mongol Ulus. As a result of consideration of historiographical approaches to ethnic nomenclature, which the Mongolian and Chinese sources used with respect to the Turkic and Mongolian groups that settled in this area, the author is inclined to the view of Turkish ethnicity of the Tatars and some other (Naimans, Merkits) clans known by source, whom Chinggis Khan faced in the process of formation of the “people of the Mongols”. At the same time, the author establishes a historical connection between the pre-Mongol Tartars and Kimak and Uyghur khaganates. In particular, he reveals their affiliation to the elite, “royal” layers of these Turkic states. In turn, this allows us to reveal the presence of a Tatar component among the eastern Kipchak-Kimaks (Yemeks) with close ties with the last dynasty of Khwarezm shahs. On the basis of a detailed and comprehensive review of material, the author points to the need for a new understanding of the term “Mongol-Tatars”. This term was not imposed by the Chinese officials, but it was a meaningful politonym marking a two-part (Turkic (Tatar) – Mongol) nature of the “people” who established the Great Mongol Empire. The author informs in his article about his plans to consider in detail this issue in relation to the ulus of Jochi
A dynamic structural analysis of health and retirement
No full textDissertation is devoted to establishing a structural dynamic model of retirement behaviour of older workers in Norway with complete characterization of their choice sets and beliefs – explicitly dependent on health status, labour market state occupied in the previous period, outcome of job search process, household characteristics and two income indices.
The first paper develops theoretical structure of the model and proceeds with estimation. In addition it studies substitution effect between early retirement and disability pension as two main exit routes from Norwegian labour market.
The second paper contains a summary of the measures of quality of structural dynamic models and proposes two new approaches. One builds on McFadden’s rho while another is based on the exogenous policy change during the modelled period.
The third paper is devoted to ongoing pension reform in Norway. Both labour market consequences, welfare and inequality implications are simulated on the bases of the developed structural model. My findings indicate that reform succeeds in providing older workers with incentives to postpone their retirements while increasing both social welfare and income inequality
The Golden Horde Ethnology of Tatars: 1. The Epic and Historical “Golden Throne” (“Altyn Tәkhet”)
No full textThe author of this article seeks to identify the historical origins of particular patronal place characteristic for the ulus of Jochi and later Turko-Tatar States established on its territory in the 15th–16th centuries. This patronal place was known as the “golden throne” and has been recorded by the Turko-Tatar (epics, chronicles, historical works) and some Russian sources. An overview of historical sources reveals that according to the Turko-Tatar traditions of the 16th–18th centuries, the “golden throne” was a place, where the ruler (Khan, king) was sitting in the Golden Horde and at the post-Horde political space. The author of this article emphasizes the important fact: in historical sources the “golden throne” was always associated with the place of enthronement of the Tatar ruler. As a result of detailed analysis of the available historical material, the author found that the often mentioned “golden throne” existed not only in the ulus of Jochi, but throughout the Mongol Empire. Moreover, further analysis of the available historical material (including a comparison with information contained in the parallel Persian, Chinese, and Latin sources) showed that the “golden throne” was connected to another symbol of power, common in all Chinggisid States and recorded by a number of historical sources, that is, with special tent (yurt) known as the “Great Golden horde”. This tent together with the throne seat symbolized the focus of the khan authority in the Mongol Empire and the subsequent Chinggisid States
Organization of professional mobile practice for students - Future social educators
No full textThe relevance of the investigated problem is due to the increasing social tension in society and the state, associated with the active manifestation of anti-social phenomena and the need for prompt resolution of these problems through the involvement of professional mobile social educators. The purpose of the article is to develop a new concept in the organization and carrying out practices that promote the professional development of a new generation of social educators with such developed personal and professional qualities as professional mobility. The leading study method of this problem is the system that allows to integrate the scientific, theoretical and practical components of the implementation process of this new concept. The article describes the concept of the organization and conducting professional mobile practice, which is also graphically depicted as the structural-functional model of the development of professional mobility in the future social educators, consisting of interconnected target, informative, technological, control and evaluation components. Article can be useful for organizers of practical training of professional educational institutions. © 2016 Iskhakov et al
The Problem of Genesis of Seyyids’ Institutes in the Post-Golden Horde Turkо-Tatar States »
No full textThe article analyzes an insufficiently investigated problem of the formation of seyyids’ institute within the Turkic-Tatar States of the 15th–16th centuries, which were the historical heirs of the ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). The author found that this institution was characteristic for all, without exception, Turkic-Tatar state formations that emerged after the collapse of the Golden Horde. A number of features of this institution (existence of family relationship between the seyyids’ “houses” of different Tatar yurts, seyyids’ participation not only in the diplomatic and administrative affairs but also in military actions) indicates that it appeared in the period of the ulus of Jochi, more precisely, during the reign of khan Uzbek who had completed Islamization of this State. As a result of the study of the complex issues related to the seyyids who lived in the Turko-Tatar khanates and hordes, the author concluded that there was a link between them and the lineages of the Golden Horde seyyids affiliated with the Yasaviyya tariqa. Overall, the author both emphasizes the apparent Golden Horde origin of this very important social institution functioned in all the Turkic-Tatar state formations and indicates the presence of real contacts (including gentilitial ones) between the seyyids’ branches located in different States
Organization of professional mobile practice for students - Future social educators
No full textThe relevance of the investigated problem is due to the increasing social tension in society and the state, associated with the active manifestation of anti-social phenomena and the need for prompt resolution of these problems through the involvement of professional mobile social educators. The purpose of the article is to develop a new concept in the organization and carrying out practices that promote the professional development of a new generation of social educators with such developed personal and professional qualities as professional mobility. The leading study method of this problem is the system that allows to integrate the scientific, theoretical and practical components of the implementation process of this new concept. The article describes the concept of the organization and conducting professional mobile practice, which is also graphically depicted as the structural-functional model of the development of professional mobility in the future social educators, consisting of interconnected target, informative, technological, control and evaluation components. Article can be useful for organizers of practical training of professional educational institutions. © 2016 Iskhakov et al
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