1,952 research outputs found
Sales promotion activities – effective tool of marketing communication mix
No full textA highly competitive environment is forcing sellers constantly using different marketing tools and strategies to win new clients and thereby increase their profitability. Sales promotion is one of the best tools to attract new customers and retain old ones, including marketing activities by adding more value to the products for a limited period of time in order to stimulate consumer purchases and effectiveness of intermediaries. The purpose of the study was to interview 60 men and women, aged 18 to 64 years by detailed a questionnaire. The study confirms that sales promotion is an effective instrument that has a positive direct impact on user's purchase behavior. From the answers became clear that all types and instruments of sales promotion performing on consumers as 21% would certainly buy more than 59% of respondents probably would benefit from product promotion. The most frequently used communication channels for achieving information about various promotional activities by the user are the Internet with 82.5% and promotional brochures with 77.2%
High-resolution elastic recoil detection utilizing Bayesian probability theory
No full textElastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis is improved in view of depth resolution and the reliability of the measured spectra. Good statistics at even low ion fluences is obtained utilizing a large solid angle of 5 msr at the Munich Q3D magnetic spectrograph and using a 40 MeV Au-197 beam. In this way the elemental depth profiles are not essentially altered during analysis even if distributions with area densities below 1 x 10(14) atoms/cm(2) are measured. As the energy spread due to the angular acceptance is fully eliminated by ion-optical and numerical corrections, an accurate and reliable apparatus function is derived. It allows to deconvolute the measured spectra using the adaptive kernel method, a maximum entropy concept in the framework of Bayesian probability theory. In addition, the uncertainty of the reconstructed spectra is quantified, The concepts are demonstrated at C-13 depth profiles measured at ultra-thin films of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C). Depth scales of those profiles are given with an accuracy of 1.4 x 10(15) atoms/ cm(2). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Inheritance of Radiation Induced Sterility in Males of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha Molesta Busck., (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
No full textAbstract GENCHEV, N. P. and E. M. GENCHEVA, 2006. Inheritance of radiation induced sterility in males of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck., (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci, Results of studies on the inheritance of radiation induced sterility in males of Grapholitha molesta Busck. are reported. The partially sterilizing effect of gamma radiation on irradiated as pupae male parents is characterized with moderate increase in parallel with the dose increase. The adult emergence from irradiated pupae, longevity of moths and sex ratio were not affected by the applied radiation doses. Female moths are more radiosensitive than males. The highest level of inherited sterility in males of F 1 generation was established after irradiation of their parents with dosage of 125 Gy. However, some decrease of this effect was observed in the variants with doses of 175 Gy and 200 Gy. The transmission of inherited sterility from F 1 males to their F 2 descendants is a slighter, but still perceptable process. The highest levels of inherited sterility were registered in the variants with dosages of 125 Gy and 150 Gy, but somewhat reduced effect was recorded for doses of 100, 175 and 200 Gy.Progeny of F 1 and F 2 males OFM manifested sex ratios significantly skewed in favor of male moths. As it seems, these sex ratio shifts are results of a dose-dependent process
Raman Spectroscopy of Mackinawite FeS in Anodic Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products
No full textRaman spectroscopy in a confocal microscope was used to study electrochemically synthesized corrosion products from sour gas experiments. When exposed to oxygen-containing atmosphere, the initial mackinawite FeS corrosion product transformed under laser irradiation to hematite, Fe2O3. Measurements with a thin water layer on top of the corrosion products prevented the transformation, as drying was prevented. In situ Raman measurements of mackinawite formation avoided the problem of transformation completely. In situ and operando, the initially formed mackinawite showed two Raman peaks in the wavenumber range > 180 cm− 1 centered around 200–215 cm− 1 and 285–300 cm− 1. On an empirical basis, these modes were assigned to a B1g mode of the iron sublattice and an A1g mode of the sulfur sublattice, respectively. A comparison with a literature assignment for aged mackinawite suggests that the aging observed involves significant changes in the sulfur sublattice.© The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЗАМЯНАТА НА ТРУПНО БРАШНО ВЪВ ФУРАЖНАТА СМЕСКА С БРАШНО ОТ КАКАВИДИ НА КОПРИНЕНАТА ПЕПЕРУДА (BOMBYX MORI L.) ВЪРХУ РАСТЕЖА НА ЯПОНСКИТЕ ПЪДПЪДЪЦИ
No full textA study is carried out with two groups of japanese quails in order to check the possibility to substitute cocoon meal (B.mori L.) for meat meal as well as to evaluate a growth potential in these conditions. The forage mixture of control group contains 7% meat meal. The experimental forage mixture contains 7% cocoon meal and has equal nutritive value. The substitution of meat meal with the cocoon meal in quails food results in better growth development during
first days of their life. Both sexes have higher body weight - 11.1%; 8.7% and 9.8% respectively in 7th, 14th and 21 day of life. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the period from 0 to 35th day as well as the fi nal body weight of birds in two groups is equal. The cocoon meal can be the suitable constitutor in starter forage mixture for quails guaranteed equivalent growth and FCR.Проведено е проучване с две групи японски пъдпъдъци с цел да се установят възможностите за заместване на трупното брашно с брашно от какавиди на копринената пеперуда (Bombyx mori L.) и да се оценят растежните способности на пъдпъдъците при това. Фуражната смеска на контролната група съдържаше 7% трупно
брашно, а на опитната - 7% какавидено, при еднакъв хранителен състав. Заместването на трупното брашно с какавидено в смеските за пъдпъдъци е свързано с по-добро тегловно развитие на птиците през първите дни от живота им. Общо за двата пола живото тегло на птиците от опитната група е било достоверно по-високо с 11,1; 8,7 и 9,8% съответно на 7-, 14- и 21-дневна възраст. Конверсията на фураж за периода 0-35 дни, както и
крайното живо тегло на птиците от двете групи са практически еднакви. Какавиденото брашно може успешно да замени трупното в стартерните смески за пъдпъдъци, като гарантира равностоен растеж и конверсия на фуража
Does alcohol protect against ischaemic heart disease in Bulgaria? A case-control study of non-fatal myocardial infarction in Sofia.
No full textCent Eur J Public Health 2001 May;9(2):83-6 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Does alcohol protect against ischaemic heart disease in Bulgaria? A case-control study of non-fatal myocardial infarction in Sofia. Genchev GD, Georgieva LM, Weijenberg MP, Powles JW. Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Sofia, Bulgaria. BACKGROUND: Many observational studies have shown that alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). IHD mortality has generally fallen in established market economies but not in some countries of Eastern Europe. Since the level of consumption of saturated fat does not explain these differences in trends, other associations with risk need to be explored. We investigated whether alcohol consumption also presents a U or J-shaped association with IHD risk in a case-control study in Bulgaria. METHODS: Cases (n = 155) were admissions to the cardiology unit, Central Clinical Hospital, Sofia, aged 45 to 69, with confirmed diagnoses of ischaemic heart disease. Controls (n = 154) were concurrent admissions for minor elective surgery. Measurements were made of blood pressure, height and weight and a blood sample was taken around three days after admission. Subjects were interviewed before discharge and asked about the type and amount of alcohol they consumed. RESULTS: Reported alcohol intake demonstrated a J-shaped association with the risk of IHD. The odds ratio (adjusted only for age and sex) was 0.67 (95% CI 0.34-1.28) for patients reporting 0.01-18 g/d of alcohol consumption daily, and 0.36 (95% CI 0.18-0.73) for 18.01-36 g/d, compared to patients reporting to be abstainers. The associations with alcohol intake remained statistically significant and unaltered after adjustment for established IHD risk factors: HDL cholesterol, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, family history, education, physical activity and risk factors significantly related with IHD: fruit and vegetables consumption, type of fat used in cooking, bread consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with previous studies showing a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and IHD risk. The highest protective effect we observed for levels of alcohol intake 18.01-36 g/d, which corresponds to 100-200 ml wine or 1-2 beers, or little more than 50-100 ml spirits
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTITUTION OF COCOON MEAL (BOMBYX MORI L.) FOR MEAT MEAL IN FORAGE MIXTURES ON JAPANESE QUAILS GROWTH
No full textA study is carried out with two groups of japanese quails in order to check the possibility to substitute cocoon meal (B.mori L.) for meat meal as well as to evaluate a growth potential in these conditions. The forage mixture of control group contains 7% meat meal. The experimental forage mixture contains 7% cocoon meal and has equal nutritive value. The substitution of meat meal with the cocoon meal in quails food results in better growth development during first days of their life. Both sexes have higher body weight - 11.1%; 8.7% and 9.8% respectively in 7th, 14th and 21 day of life. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the period from 0 to 35th day as well as the fi nal body weight of birds in two groups is equal. The cocoon meal can be the suitable constitutor in starter forage mixture for quails guaranteed equivalent growth and FCR
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СРОКА НА СЪХРАНЕНИЕ НА РАЗПЛОДНИТЕ ЯЙЦА ВЪРХУ ИНКУБАЦИОННИТЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПРИ ЯПОНСКИ ПЪДПЪДЪЦИ
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to establish the effect of the prolonged storage of Japanese quail hatching eggs upon the incubation performance and the quality of hatched quail chicks.
The duration of egg storage prior to their incubation had a weak negative effect on the weight loss from incubation day 0 to day 15. Eggs stored for 1-3 days exhibited a statistically signifi cantly higher weight loss than eggs stored for 8-11 days prior to incubation (PЦелта на настоящото проучване е да провери влиянието на продължителното съхранение на разплодните яйца от Японски пъдпъдъци върху резултатите от инкубацията и качеството на излюпените пъдпъдъци. Продължителността на съхранение на яйцата преди инкубацията оказва слаб, отрицателен ефект върху
загубата на маса през инкубационния период от 0 до 15 дни. Загубата на маса при яйцата, съхранявани 1-3 дни е достоверно по-висока от тази при яйцата, съхранявани 8-11 дни преди инкубацията (
Sour gas corrosion – corrosion of steels and other metallic materials in aqueous environments containing H<sub>2</sub>S
No full textThe corrosion of metals, mainly steels, in contact with H2S-containing solutions is a general problem especially in gas and oil production. The corrosion products are hydrogen and iron sulfides. Penetration of the hydrogen into the material leads to the typical hydrogen-related damage mechanisms. On the other hand, the sulfide corrosion products do not normally form a protective layer, as opposed to oxidic corrosion products in other situations. This contribution summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field and discusses approaches to combat sour corrosion
Immigration to the European Union - Challenges and Opportunities for a Europe of 25+
No full textThe rising numbers of people willing to risk their lives in illegally crossing land, air or sea borders into the European Union has brought this aspect of migration into the limelight in the last few years. There is a lot more to be discussed in this context, except for the obvious shock and drama following the appalling images of bodies washed ashore in the Mediterranean. This work argues that the EU needs migration which is well managed and carried out in wide cooperation involving all potential stakeholders. It begins with an overview of a range of economic theories on Migration and discusses the development of EU policies in the field. Without taking extreme views or launching sharp critiques of the EU or the migrants' countries of origin, the paper attempts to deliver a broad overview and an impartial assessment of the immigration to the European Union.migration; EU; refugees; asylum; EU Constitution; Dublin Convention
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