158 research outputs found
Russian banking: a comeback of the state
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to assess the size of public sector within the Russian banking industry. We identify and classify at least 78 state-influenced banks. We distinguish between banks that are majority-owned by federal executive authorities or Central Bank of Russia, by sub-federal (regional and municipal) authorities, by state-owned enterprises and banks, and by "state corporations". We estimate their combined market share to have reached 56% of total assets by July 1, 2009. Banks indirectly owned by public capital are the fastest-growing group. Concentration is increasing within the public sector of the industry, with the top five state-controlled banking groups in possession of over 49% of assets. We observe a crowding out and erosion of domestic private capital, whose market share is shrinking from year to year. Several of the largest state-owned banks now constitute a de facto intermediate tier at the core of the banking system. We argue that the direction of ownership change in Russian banking is different from that in CEE countries
The concept of DOLYA in the poems by T. Shevchenko in comparison to Polish LOS and Russian SUDBA
No full textКонцепт доля в поезії Шевченка розглянуто у двох аспектах — як у його зв’язках з національною фольклорною традицією, так і в аспекті індивідуально-авторської інтерпретації, яку визначає ключовий образ народного співця, пророка. До зіставного аналізу залучені також семантичні характеристики концептів los, dola й судьба в польській та російській мовно-культурних традиціях.The concept of DOLYA in the poems by Shevchenko is studied in two aspects — in its relation to national folk tradition and in the aspect of the personal author’s interpretation, which is determined by the key image of the national bard, prophet. The author implements comparative analysis of the semantic features of the concepts of LOS, DOLYA and SUDBA in Polish and Russian lingual and cultural traditions
Russian banking: The state makes a comeback?
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to carefully assess the size of public sector within the Russian banking industry. We identify and classify at least 78 state-influenced banks. For the state-owned banks, we distinguish between those that are majority-owned by federal executive authorities or Central Bank of Russia, by sub-federal (regional and municipal) authorities, by state-owned enterprises and banks, and by ‘state corporations’. We estimate their combined market share to have reached 56% of total assets by July 1, 2009. Banks indirectly owned by public capital are the fastest-growing group. Concentration is increasing within the public sector of the industry, with the top five state-controlled banking groups in possession of over 49% of assets. We observe a crowding out and erosion of domestic private capital, whose market share is shrinking from year to year. Several of the largest state-owned banks now constitute a de facto intermediate tier at the core of the banking system. We argue that the direction of ownership change in Russian banking is different from that in CEE countries.Russian banks; transition; banking; state; government; public sector; state-owned banks; state-controlled banks; state-influenced banks
The Evolution of EU policy towards its CIS neighbours
No full textWhen the EU began to plan enlargement, it was important to define and establish a new relationship with the successor states to the Soviet Union. This paper traces the evolution of the EU's policy towards those successor states from 1991 until the present. In the 1990s the EU tended to treat the post-Soviet states as if they were homogenous and policy was concentrated primarily on Russia. From 2000 onwards, a more differentiated policy was adopted, particularly once the European Neighbourhood Policy was launched. However, because of Russia's energy resources on which the EU was dependent, and because the EU's neighbourhood was also Russia's neighbourhood and Russian policy makers increasingly resented EU intervention into an area which they considered a vital sphere of Russia's interests, Russia still tended to dominate the attention of the EU.EU-CIS relations, EU-Russian relations, TACIS, European Neighbourhood Policy, EU and Central Asia
Persecuting Orthodoxy in the Soviet Union as an Attempt of Destroying the Russia's Eurasian Mission: An Example of Grigory Dolya and St Transfiguration Temple in Lednoe
No full textThe Bolsheviks’ programme of creating “Renovationist Church” during the first years of Soviet Union was clearly aimed at destroying the Eurasian ideology of the former Russian Empire, according to which Orthodoxy was the main religious and political unifying force that guaranteed the unity of all nationalities living on its vast territory under the rule of an Orthodox sovereign. This programme also implied building “Heaven Kingdom” here, on the Earth. Imperial Eurasian ideology implied that the territory of Russian Empire was only a reflection of Heavenly Kingdom. Therefore, it had to be conquered by the Bolsheviks. The schism in the Russian Orthodox Church instigated by Soviet authorities was supposed to undermine the idea of spiritual unity in the vast Eurasian territories, which until 1921 had been claimed by the White movement, e.g., Admiral Kolchak, to create a new Russian state, an alternative to the Soviet revolutionary state. This alleged state was meant to become a legal successor of the Russian Empire. The Soviet government did not need such a revival of Eurasian sentiments, while the Orthodox Church primarily supported it. It may be one of the reasons of severe persecutions of the Church by Soviet authorities in 1920s–1930s, along with the well-known other reasons.
On this background, I study life, social activities and Christian feat of Fr priest Grigory Dolya (1880–1931) who was cruelly persecuted and killed by the Bolshevik officials and NKVD in Ukraine. Currently the Commission of Canonisation of Kharkov and Bogodukhov Diocese is considering Fr priest Grigory Dolya as a new saint martyr. I argue that he complies with all the requirements for canonisation of a person as a novel martyrs and confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church. He did not collaborate with NKVD investigators, not libelled his peers, priests and bishops Archbishop Dimitri (Lyubimov), Archbishop Theodore (Pozdeevsky), Archbishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky), Archbishop Procopius (Titov), Archbishop John (Popov), Archbishop Pachomius (Kedrov), Bishop Victor (Ostrovidov), Bishop Sergius (Druzhinin), Bishop Alexius (Bui), Bishop Maxim (Zhizhilenko), Bishop Damascene (Tsedrik), Bishop Pavel (Kratirov), Bishop Varlaam (Lazarenko), Bishop Vasily (Zelentsov), Bishop Macarius (Karmazin).
Besides his brave opposition to the Soviets, Fr Grigory is known for his building St Transfiguration Temple in Lednoe (the current Dean of the Temple is me) in the 1920s, when the Soviet authorities destroyed the temples on a massive scale. The Temple construction was completed in three years, but the Bolsheviks demanded 10,000 rubles as a tax (unofficially, it was a request not to destroy the Temple after its completion). Fr Grigory sold all his moveable and immoveable property and paid the colossal sum. For reference, in 1920s, a monthly wage of a worker was some 70 rubles.
Fr Grigory’s life is an instructive example of novel Christian martyrdom. In the Supplementary section, I am providing photocopies of archival materials concerning Fr Grigory: several protocols of investigation dated by 1928–1931; NKVD forms; conclusions of the Soviet tribunal; list of clergy registered in Kharkov district for subsequent prosecution and trial by the Soviets; pamphlets written and published by Soviet libelous reporters as well as the conclusion of Ukrainian Prosecution Service about full vindication of Fr priest Grigory Dolya of 31 July 1989. Having studied all materials, the First Deputy Attorney of Ukraine concluded that Fr priest Dolya is innocent in all crimes ascribed to him in 1920s–1930s
APLICACIONES EDUCATIVAS DE LA TEORÍA VYGOTSKIANA. EL PROGRAMA (“KEY TO LEARNING” APPLICATIONS OF VYGOTSKY’S THEORY TO EDUCATION. THE “KEY TO LEARNING” PROGRAM)
No full textResumen:En ciencias de la educación, las últimas décadas han estado marcadas por un interés en las ideas de Lev S. Vygotski. De hecho, a partir de esas ideas se han propuesto varias aplicaciones educativas. Una de ellas es el “Key to learning”. El artículo propone una visión general de este programa educativo desarrollado a partir de algunos trabajos e ideas de autores rusos contemporáneos. Primero, desarrollamos algunas ideas en torno a la noción de zona de desarrollo próximo (ZpD). Después, sugerimos la teoría de las habilidades de aprendizaje. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de “Key to learning” es mejorar las habilidades de aprendizaje cognitivas, comunicativas y directivas de niños de entre 3 a 7 años de edad. Para este propósito son creadas 12 unidades curriculares que componen el programa. Para concluir se enfatiza la creación de zonas de desarrollo próximo estructuradas como parte de un sistema de enseñanza y aprendizaje que vincula la actividad, la asistencia y la agencia.Abstract: The last decades have been marked in educational sciences by an upsurge of interest in Lev S. Vygotsky´s ideas. Indeed, different applications of Vygotsky’s theory to education have been suggested. One of them is the “key to learning” program. This paper proposes an overview of this educational program developed from the work and ideas of several contemporary Russian scholars. First, we develop some ideas on zone of proximal development. After that, we suggest the learning skills theory. In that sense, the main objective of “Key to learning” is to improve the cognitive, communicative, and directive learning skills of children between 3 and 7 years of age. For this purpose are created 12 curriculum units composing the program. We conclude emphasizing the creation of structured zones of proximal development as a part of a teaching-learning learning system, which links activity, assistance and agency
Моделювання системи міжміських пасажирських перевезень
No full textThe modern state of modeling of intercity passenger transportation systems is considered. It is determined that the search for various options for technologies of interaction between the society and the transport industry is constantly at the stage of searching for the best possible methods of transportation organization. To assess the proposed scientific approaches, full-scale measurements are carried out on the route flows of passengers on sections of route routes. The approach to modeling intercity passenger route transportation systems is considered as original in the article, taking into account economic, social and organizational components. These components determine the overall efficiency of the transport process. Together with this, the above approach can be improved. To do this, it is desirable to consider in more detail individual subsystems by mode of transport and separately allocate night and day transportation. Practitioners note that with the same parameters of the trip, people feel differently the consequences of a day and night trip. This can lead to different requirements for the transport network as a whole. But the above algorithm allows to take this into account. The means for assessing the performance parameters of the system of routes for passenger transportation systems are explored. The sequence of formation of the transportation system of intercity passenger transport is proposed, which relies on the achievements of science and practice and takes into account the patterns of distribution of transport correspondence between cities from the transport network. The attraction functions between cities are complemented in accordance with the number of inhabitants and purchasing power. New information has been obtained on the modeling of transport route systems for transportation of passengers between cities within the investigated system. This is more advantageous in comparison with analogues due to the consideration of ensuring the social and economic characteristics of the population, the possibility of increasing productivity by optimizing the use of the route network and meeting the economic interests of the transport industry.This is more advantageous in comparison with the analogues due to ensuring the registration of social and economic characteristics of the population of Ukraine, a possible increase in productivity by optimizing the use of the route network, satisfaction of economic interests of the transport industry.Исследованы средства проведения оценки параметров эффективности функционирования системы маршрутов пассажирских транспортных систем. Предложена последовательность формирования транспортной системы междугородного пассажирского транспорта, которая опирается на достижения науки и практики и учитывает закономерности распределения транспортных корреспонденций между городами от транспортной сети. Дополнена функция притяжения между городами в соответствии с количеством жителей и покупательной способностью.Досліджено засоби проведення оцінювання параметрів ефективності функціонування системи маршрутів пасажирських транспортних систем. Запропоновано послідовність формування транспортної системи міжміського пасажирського транспорту, яка спирається на досягнення науки і практики, та враховує закономірності розподілу транспортних кореспонденцій між містами від транспортної мережі. Доповнено функції тяжіння між містами відповідно до кількості мешканців і купівельної спроможності
Моделювання пасажирських транспортних кореспонденцій між обласними центрами в Україні
No full textPassenger transport system of Ukraine is studied for establishment of passenger correspondence using public routes between regional centers. The results of the analysis of existing methods of passenger correspondence calculation are found the inability to implement them without preliminary investigation of features of the systems and calculation of the actual values of gravity function.Empirical method is applied for establishing the parameters of quantitative index of gravity function. Unlike previous researchers, this approach for calculation of gravity function parameters allows to obtain new knowledge about the studied system. An opportunity to obtain performance parameters of the experimental system without the human factor and at any time is provided without the use of a manual or automated inspection means for passenger correspondence.Research results provide the opportunity to analyze the calculations of intercity passenger correspondence between regional centers of Ukraine on the general transport routes using a gravity model. Previously unknown parameters of gravity function are defined. This allows to predict the passenger correspondence in this system.Исследован процесс предоставления услуг по перевозке пассажиров на маршрутах общего пользования. По полученным данным фактических корреспонденций было проведено исследование возможности применения известных методов к расчету пассажирских транспортных корреспонденций. Установлены параметры составляющих, при которых применение рассмотренных методов возможно в рамках исследованной системы.Досліджено процес надання послуг з перевезення пасажирів на міжобласних маршрутах загального користування. За отриманими даними фактичних кореспонденцій було проведеного дослідження можливості застосування відомих методів щодо розрахунку пасажирських транспортних кореспонденцій. Винайдено параметри складових, при яких застосування розглянутих методів є можливим в рамках дослідженої системи
Pas del sistema de construcció actual a edificacions nZEB, NZEB i nZIB a l'AMB
No full textAquest treball tracta d’analitzar i estudiar diferents aspectes mediambientals i d’eficiència
energètica en el sector d’obra pública de l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. S’han d’analitzar
diferents propostes i les accions que estan en curs per poder arribar a garantir la major
eficiència i una millora de les característiques mediambiental de les obres.
Per poder realitzar aquest estudi, s’han seleccionat 5 obres de diferents tipologies i amb
diferent estat i s’ha analitzat el seu sistema constructiu, els materials utilitzats i els sistemes de
les instal·lacions.
Com a resultat d’aquest estudi s’han definit els conceptes més forts i més febles de l’estat
actual de les obres a l’AMB
Pas del sistema de construcció actual a edificacions nZEB, NZEB i nZIB a l'AMB
No full textAquest treball tracta d’analitzar i estudiar diferents aspectes mediambientals i d’eficiència
energètica en el sector d’obra pública de l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. S’han d’analitzar
diferents propostes i les accions que estan en curs per poder arribar a garantir la major
eficiència i una millora de les característiques mediambiental de les obres.
Per poder realitzar aquest estudi, s’han seleccionat 5 obres de diferents tipologies i amb
diferent estat i s’ha analitzat el seu sistema constructiu, els materials utilitzats i els sistemes de
les instal·lacions.
Com a resultat d’aquest estudi s’han definit els conceptes més forts i més febles de l’estat
actual de les obres a l’AMB
- …
