1,723,443 research outputs found
Aktivitätsprofil von Calpain I und II im chronisch infarzierten Rattenmyokard : Einfluss des Calpaininhibitors CAL 9961
Get PDFAls Folge eines akuten Myokardinfarktes kommt es zu einem Anstieg der intrazellulären Ca2+-Konzentration assoziiert mit einer Aktivierung der kardialen Cysteinproteasen Calpain I und II. Diese scheinen in der Pathogenese von Gewebeschäden und Nekrose nach Myokardinfarkt eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise auf eine Beteiligung von Calpain I bei kardialen Umbauprozessen nach Infarkt. Calpaininhibitoren könnten daher in der Therapie des Myokardinfarkts erfolgreich eingesetzt werden. Unter den Bedingungen einer kardialen Ischämie konnte bei einigen dieser Substanzen eine kardioprotektive Wirkung demonstriert werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde ein Aktivitätsprofil der beiden Calpainformen im infarzierten und nicht-infarzierten Myokard erstellt und die Auswirkungen des Calpaininhibitors CAL 9961 in vitro und in vivo untersucht. Hierzu wurde an Ratten durch permanente Ligation der linken Koronararterie ein akuter Myokardinfarkt induziert. Ein, 3, 7 und 14 Tage nach Infarkt wurden Calpain I und II aus Gewebehomogenaten von interventrikulärem Septum (IS) und linker, freier Ventrikelwand (LVFW) mittels Chromatographie auf DEAE-Sepharose getrennt. Die Aktivität wurde in scheinoperierten und Infarkt-induzierten Tieren mit chronischer Placebo- oder CAL 9961-Therapie mithilfe eines Enzymassays mit synthetischem Substrat gemessen. Die Therapie wurde 3 Tage vor Infarktinduktion begonnen. Calpain I-Aktivität erreichte 14 Tage nach Infarkt höchste Werte im nicht-infarzierten Myokard (IS), während die maximale Calpain II-Aktivität 3 Tage nach Infarktereignis im infarzierten Herzgewebe (LVFW) gemessen wurde. In Experimenten in vitro hemmte CAL 9961 beide Calpainformen vollständig. In vivo verhinderte eine chronische Therapie mit CAL 9961 bei Tieren mit Myokardinfarkt teilweise den Anstieg der Calpain I-Aktivität im nicht-infarzierten Gewebe (IS) und reduzierte die Calpain II-Aktivität im infarzierten Myokard (LVFW) auf das Level scheinoperierter Tiere. Die in dieser Dissertation erbrachten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die kardialen Calpaine I und II nach einem akuten Myokardinfarkt aktiviert werden, sich ihre Aktivierung jedoch innerhalb des Myokards zeitlich und regional unterscheidet. Die chronische Inhibition dieser Enzyme könnte die Calpain-vermittelten Gewebeschäden limitieren und zur Erhaltung der strukturellen Integrität des Myokards nach Infarkt beitragen.The calpains have been proposed to be activated following cardiac ischemia and to contribute to myocyte damage after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, the activity of calpains I and II in the infarcted and non-infarcted rat myocardium and the action of the selective calpain inhibitor, CAL 9961, has been investigated. MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. One, 3, 7 and 14 days post MI, the enzymes calpain I and II were separated from homogenates of the interventricular septum (IS) and left ventricular free wall (LVFW) by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. The activity of the calpains was measured in sham-operated and MI animals chronically treated with placebo or CAL 9961 (15mg kg‾1 d‾1 s.c.) in a synthetic substrate assay. Treatment was started 3 days before MI induction. Calpain I activity reached highest values in IS 14 days post MI, whereas maximum activity of calpain II was measured in LVFW 3 days post MI. In experiments in vitro, CAL 9961 completely inhibited both calpains. In vivo, chronic treatment of MI animals with CAL 9961 partially prevented the increase in calpain I activity in IS and reduced calpain II activity in LVFW to sham levels. Our findings demonstrate that calpains I and II are activated after MI, however, both enzymes differ in their regional and temporal activation within the infarcted myocardium. Chronic inhibition of these enzymes with CAL 9961 might limit the calpain-induced myocardial damage and preserve cardiac structural integrity post MI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The fiscal theory of the price level and the backing theory of money
Get PDFA numerical example of privately issued money is used to illustrate the fiscal theory of the price level, and to show that the fiscal theory is best understood as a subset of the backing theory of money. Government issuance of money or debt is shown to be potentially inflationary only when the government’s net worth is negative, and when the government’s assets do not rise in step with its liabilities. The backing theory is used to examine whether inflation can be avoided by a sufficiently tough central bank, and to criticize the view that fiscal policies affect inflation through their wealth effects.Money, price level, fiscal, real bills, backing theory
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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