1,724,792 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Jet initiation of PBX 9502
No full textThis report details the progress of an effort to determine the quantitative aspects of the initiation of PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F 800) by copper jets. The particular jet used was that produced by the LAW warhead (66-mm diameter, 42/sup 0/ angle cone, copper-lined, conical shaped charge). Fifteen experiments, in various configurations, have been fired to define the essential parameters for quantitatively measuring the jet performance and initiation of bare PBX 9502. 7 refs., 8 figs
Recommended from our members
Shock initiation of PBX-9502 at elevated temperatures
Get PDFThe shock sensitivity of PBX-9502 is known to change with temperature. Both volume expansion and increased internal energy may contribute to theis phenomenon. PBX-9502 was heated and its initiation and detonation behavior was examined, using MI and shock tracker gauging on a light gas gun. Sensitivity and reactive wave profiles were measured. Complementary experiments were done on PBX-9502 made to undergo ``ratchet growth``, or non-reversible anisotropic thermal expansion, under carefully controlled thermal cycling. This process causes noticeable size changes and significant changes in sensitivity. Sensitivity and reactive wave profiles are discussed in terms of density and microscopic material morphology
PBX 9502 corner turning test fire and data analysis
Get PDFThe test fire and data analysis of one technique to be utilized in lot characterization of PBX 9502 are described. The corner turning distance is expected to vary +- 2.1 mm on lot-to-lot variation, primarily due to density variations in the PBX 9502. The uncertainty of these measurements is estimated to be +- 0.2 mm as determined from errors of the systems and techniques employed in the tests
Recommended from our members
The Elusive Coefficients of Thermal Expansion in PBX 9502
Get PDFPBX 9502 has been in war reserve service for over two decades. Ninety-five percent of the solid phase of this insensitive high explosive is composed of energetic crystallites designated as TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), held together by the remaining solid fraction--an inert, polymeric binder named Kel-F 800. The unusual combination of extreme insensitivity and adequate performance characteristics is not the only enigmatic feature of such TATB-based materials. In this report, we describe the difficulty and progress to date in reliably determining the coefficients of thermal expansion for consolidated components of PBX 9502. We provide bulk linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values for PBX 9502 consolidated to a density of approximately 1.890 g/cm{sup 3} and offer a simple set of equations for calculating dimensional changes for temperatures from 218 to 347 K (-55 C to 74 C)
Recommended from our members
Ratchet growth in recycled PBX 9502
Get PDFPBX 9502 is a plastic-bonded high explosive (PBX) containing 95 weight% TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene) crystals in a polymer binder. TATB crystals are graphitic in nature, with a sheet-like structure and anisotropic CTE. Although the mechanism is not understood, solid-pressed TATB composites have been observed to undergo irreversible volume change ('ratchet growth') upon thermal cycling . This phenomenon has been studied but many aspects remain elusive and uncharacterized. Engineering or performance changes associated with ratchet growth have often been attributed to changes in density alone. We propose that the density changes which accompany ratchet growth involve a unique form of micro-damage distinguishable from the pore structure associated with low-pressed density. We have performed ratchet growth studies on Recycled PBX 9502 between -54 to 80{sup o}C with density changes of about 1.5%. Specimens of the same density were obtained using a lower pressure in the manufacturing process. Comparative measurements were made using quasi-static uniaxial tension tests, as well as micro x-ray computed tomography and ultra-small angle neutron scattering experiments. Through these measurements we have shown that ratchet grown PBX 9502 has properties quite different from predictions based on density alone. The pore size distribution of ratchet grown specimens is unique and easily distinguished from parts pressed to an equivalent density
Recommended from our members
Aging and PBX 9502
Get PDFComponents made from PBX 9502, an insensitive high explosive formulated with triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) and Kel-F 800 binder, have been in service for nearly two decades. Since that time, samples have been destructively evaluated to determine if potential changes that might affect safety, reliability, or performance have occurred in the high explosive with time. Data from routine, historical testing is reported elsewhere. This paper focuses on specific tests conducted to evaluate the effects of natural aging on handling sensitivity (through the small-scale tests of Human Electrostatic Discharge, friction, and Drop Weight Impact), compressive strength, and thermal ignition. Also reported are the effects of a radiation environment on TATB. Small-scale sensitivity tests show no differences between aged and unaged material. Observed differences in compressive strength behavior are attributed to conditions of original material rather than aging effects. Thermal ignition by flame and laser methods showed no changes between aged and unaged material. Extreme levels of radiation are shown to have only minimal effects in explosive response tests. PBX 9502 is concluded, once again, to be a very stable material, aging gracefully
Recommended from our members
A study of the overdriven behaviors of PBX 9501 and PBX 9502
Get PDFThe author presents the Hugoniot pressure and sound speed data in the overdriven regime for both PBX 9501 and PBX 9502. The overdriven release experiments are also given. The failure of the standard Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state in modeling both the Hugoniot data and the overdriven release experiments for both high explosives are identified and remedy is made by including additional terms to steepen the slope of the Hugoniot in the high pressure regime. However, an anomaly presented itself as a kink in the release wave of PBX 9502 is observed. A careful examination of the Hugoniot data indicates similar behavior. A possible explanation is suggested for this peculiarity to the phase transition of carbon in the products
Recommended from our members
Proton radiographic and numerical of colliding, diverging PBX-9502 detonations.
Get PDFThe Proton radiographic shot PRAD0077 was designed to study the interaction of colliding, diverging PBX-9502 detonations. The shot consisted of a 50 mm by 50 mm cylinder of PBX-9502 initiated on the top and bottom at the axis by a SE-1 detonator and a 12 mm by 12 mm cylinder of 9407. Seven radiographs were taken at times before and after the detonation collision. The system was modeled using the one-dimensional SIN code with C-J Burn in plane and spherically diverging geometry and using the two-dimensional TDL code with C-J Burn and Forest Fire. The system was also modeled with the recently developed AMR Eulerian reactive hydrodynamic code called NOBEL using Forest Fire. The system results in a large dead or nonreactive zone as the detonation attempts to turn the corner which is described by the model using Forest Fire. The peak detonation pressure achieved by the colliding diverging detonation is 50 gpa and density of 3.125 mg/ml which is about the same as that achieved by one-dimensional spherically diverging 9502 detonations but less than the one-dimensional plane 9502 peak colliding detonation pressure of 65 gpa and density of 3.4 mg/ml. The detonation travels for over 10 mm before it starts to expand and turn the corner leaving more than half of the explosive unreacted. The resulting diverging detonation is more curved than a one-dimensional spherical diverging detonation and has a steeper slope behind the detonation front. This results in the colliding pressure decaying faster than one-dimensional colliding spherical diverging pressures decay. The calculations using Forest Fire reproduce the major features of the radiograph and can be used to infer the colliding detonation characteristics
USULAN PERBAIKAN LINI PERAKITAN BOX SPEAKER SWF PMA 9502 PT. HIT DENGAN METODE RANKED POSITIONAL WEIGHT
Get PDFHartono Istana Teknologi is a company work on electronics manufacture industry, known as “POLYTRON”. One of the products from this company is SWF PMA 9502 speaker which is popular on market. According to the actual output data of SWF PMA 9502 speaker box assembly from 1 August 2019 until 12 September 2019, it has an average production 105 units/hour, where the production target is 120 units/hour. Not achieving the production target of this company caused by inbalance assembly line, so that happens bottleneck. For this reason improvement needs to be done using Ranked Positional Weight (RPW) method. The method is used as an approach to assist companies in knowing how effective assembly lines. Based on the RPW method, the assembly time of the SWF PMA 9502 speaker box is 396.31 seconds, which initially was 413.58 seconds. The application this method can also reduce the value of balance delay about 4.59%.Hartono Istana Teknologi merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri elektronika yang lebih dikenal dengan nama “POLYTRON”. Salah satu produk andalan dari perusahaan ini adalah Speaker SWF PMA 9502 yang sangat laku dikalangan konsumen. Menurut data output actual assembly box speaker SWF PMA 9502 dari tanggal 1 Agustus 2019 sampai 12 September 2019 memiliki rataan produksi 105 unit/jam, dimana target produksi yaitu 120 unit/jam. Tidak tercapainya target produksi perusahaan, disebabkan oleh tidak seimbangnya lini perakitan sehingga mengakibatkan bottleneck. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan improvement menggunakan metode Ranked Positional Weight (RPW). Metode ini digunakan sebagai pendekatan untuk membantu perusahaan dalam mengetahui seberapa efektif lini perakitan. Berdasarkan metode RPW menghasilkan waktu perakitan box speaker SWF PMA 9502 sebesar 396,31 detik, yang semulanya waktunya sebesar 413,58 detik. Penerapan metode ini juga dapat mengurangi nilai balance delay sebesar 4,59%
- …
