1,723,380 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    人工三倍体桑树品种9204光合速率的日变化测定试验

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    以新疆地方优良桑品种新桑1号和广东杂交桑塘10x伦109为对照,对新疆人工三倍体桑树品种9204的净光合速率、叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、光合有效辐射强度和水分利用率等光合速率的日变化进行了测试.试验结果初步表明,9204桑品种的净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用率较高,这与生物学性状和经济产量的调查结果相一致.这一研究结果,为改进9204桑品种栽培技术措施,提高其桑叶产量、质量和高产密植模式栽培提供光合理论科学依据

    Synthetic, Reactivity, and Mechanistic Studies Relevant to Olefin Oligomerization and Polymerization

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    Chapters 2 and 3 present synthetic, structural, and mechanistic studies relevant to the selective trimerization of ethylene to 1-hexene using a chromium diphosphine catalyst system. The studied diphosphines, PNPL=(o-L-C₆H₄)₂PN(Me)P(o-L-C₆H₄)₂, display a PNP backbone with phosphine-aryl groups ortho-substituted with ethers, amines, or thioethers (L=OMe, NMe2, or SMe). Chromium(0) and chromium(III) complexes have been prepared, characterized structurally, and tested for catalytic activity, highlighting the importance of the pendant ether groups. A chromacyclopentane model complex, (PNPO4)Cr(o,o-biphenyldiyl)Br, has been isolated using the parent phosphine system (PNPO4, L=OMe). Starting with this model system, the olefin trimerization reaction has been investigated using trans-, cis-, and gem-d2-ethylene as well as mixtures of C₂D₄ and C₂H₄. The selectivity of α-olefin insertion into the chromacyclopentane mimic and that of β-H elimination from chromacycloheptanes have been studied. The relative rates of insertion of terminal and internal olefins into the chromacyclopentane moiety have been measured. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 present synthetic studies of tantalum, titanium, and zirconium complexes supported by a new tridentate bisphenolate framework, along with applications to olefin polymerization and mechanistic studies of organometallic transformations based on these architectures. The utilized ligand framework involves a bisphenol connected at the ortho positions via semirigid, ring-ring (sp²-sp²) linkages to a flat ring (pyridine, thiophene, furan, or benzene). These ligands were found to coordinate to metals in a mer fashion to give a variety of binding geometries. A tantalum system supported by the benzene bridged bisphenolate was found to undergo intramolecular CH activation faster than metal-alkyl protonolysis by a pendant phenol, un unprecedented process for early metals. An α-H abstraction reaction has afforded access to a tantalum benzylidene supported by the pyridine linked bisphenolate. Isotope labeling studies and variable temperature kinetics measurements were used to investigate the mechanisms of these transformations. Group 4 complexes supported by the present bisphenolates were found to have interesting catalytic behavior for the propylene polymerization and oligomerization, upon activation with excess MAO. The propylene polymerization activity of present zirconium complexes is excellent, exceeding 10⁶ g polypropylene / (mol Zr • h), in some cases. Chapter 7 presents the synthesis and study of group 3 dialkyl complexes supported by tetradentate L2N-phenolates (L = S, N, O). These complexes were found to undergo a non-dissociative ligand exchange process in solution. The mechanism of this process was studied by using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy.</p

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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