362 research outputs found
Bir-kot-ghwandai in the Post-Kushan Period
No full textThe author introduces the data coming from the Post-Kushan layers of the Italian excavations directed by himself at Bir-kot-ghwandai (Swat, Pakistan), and interprets them in the light of the historical sources on the concerned period. Being one of the first stratigraphic excavations in urban sites of the region, the site of Bir-kot-ghwandai offers a precious contribution for the study of the architectural and artistic evidence of the period. Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of anchoring to a solid stratigraphic sequence the information on pottery, given that examples of similar wares have recently been acquired by Museums from the antiquarian market
Characteristics of discrete vortices near the wall in a turbulent channel flow with a rectangular cylinder
No full textPIV measurement was made to clarify the characteristics of discrete vortices near the wall in a turbulent channel flow with a rectangular cylinder. Phase-averaged velocity statistics of the discrete vortex were described by comparison with the Karman vortex shed from the cylinder. The near-wall shear layer separates in the region of adverse pressure gradient behind the rectangular cylinder and develops into the periodic formation of the discrete vortices which are eventually caught up by the Karman vortex and entrained into it. The vorticity of the discrete vortices is negative (clockwise rotating) and about the same order of magnitude as the Karman vortices. The coherent normal stresses of the Karman vortices are much larger than those of the discrete vortices, while the incoherent ones are not all that different with each other
Environmental influences on organotin-yeast interactions
Get PDFAs a consequence of the widespread industrial and agricultural applications of organotin compounds, contamination of various ecosystems has occurred in recent decades. Understanding how these compounds interact with cellular membranes is essential in assessing the risks of organotin pollution. The organotins, tributyltin (TBT) and trimethyltin (TMT) and inorganic tin, Sn(IV), were investigated for their physical interactions with non-metabolising cells and protoplasts of the yeast, Candida maltosa, an organism that is often associated with contaminated environments. Sn(IV) and TBT uptake occurred by different mechanisms. TBT uptake resulted in cell death and extensive K+ leakage, while Sn(IV) uptake had no effect. TMT did not interact with cells. Of the three compounds, TBT alone altered the membrane fluidity of cells, as measured by the fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6 -diphenyl-1,3,5 -hexatriene incorporated into cells. To further examine the contribution of lipophilic interactions, the influence of pH and NaCl concentration on TBT and triphenyltin (TPT) uptake and toxicity was assessed. Solution pH and ionic composition influence the chemical speciation and toxicity of organotins in the aquatic environment. Organotin compounds may exist as
both hydrated cationic species and neutral hydroxides in solution, with the formation of chloride species in the presence of NaCl. The uptake and toxicity of TBT and TPT by C. maltosa was investigated between pH 3.5 and 7.5 and in concentrations of up to 500 mM NaCl. A theoretical model was used to predict the speciation and overall octanolwater distribution ratios (Dow)- TBT and TPT toxicity was correlated with Dow values, corresponding to increasing pH and NaCl concentration and implicating compound lipophilicity as a toxicity determinant
Retinal S-antigen Th1 cell epitope mapping in patients with Behcet's disease
No full textBackground - Retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) is a most characterized autoantigen of autoimmune uveitis. The recognized immunodominant epitope of human S-Ag in patients with uveitis has not been identified. In this study, we selected certain patients with active uveitis to map the Th1 cell epitope spectrum of human S-Ag in Behcet's disease(BD). Methods - Blood samples were taken from eight active BD patients who showed an immune response to 40 mixed overlapping peptides spanning the entire sequence of human S-Ag. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated with single S-Ag peptide at 5 mu g/ml or 20 mu g/ml. Single-cell immune responses were measured by IFN-gamma ELIspot assay. Results - BD patients heterogeneously responded to the S-Ag peptides at two concentrations. In general, the responses to 5 mu g/ml peptides were slightly stronger than those to 20 mu g/ml peptides, while the maximum SFC frequency to single peptide at the two concentrations was similar. Several peptides including P31, P35 and P40 induced a prominent response, with the frequency of S-Ag specific cells being about 0.007%. Significant reactivity pattern shift was noted in patients with different disease courses. Conclusions - Certain active BD patients have S-Ag specific Th1 cells with a low frequency. The S-Ag epitope specificity between patients is highly heterogeneous, and varies with the uveitis cours
Declining tendency of human T-cell leukaemia virus type i carrier rates among blood donors in Mashhad, Iran
No full text[No abstract available]Abbaszadegan MR, 2003, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V41, P2593, DOI 10.1128-JCM.41.6.2593-2595.2003; GESSAIN A, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1155; Gessain A., 1996, HUMAN T CELL LYMPHOT, P33; INABA S, 1989, TRANSFUSION, V29, P7, DOI 10.1046-j.1537-2995.1989.29189101168.x; KAPLAN JE, 1993, REV MED VIROL, V3, P137, DOI 10.1002-rmv.1980030304; LAIRMORE MD, 1989, BLOOD, V74, P2596; MINAMOTO GY, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P219, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198801283180405; OGUMA S, 1992, CANCER RES, V52, P2620; OKOCHI K, 1984, VOX SANG, V46, P245; Safai BJ, 1996, AIDS RES HUM RETROV, V12, P1185, DOI 10.1089-aid.1996.12.118513121
Commercial Fulfillment Center: Renovation of Passage de Molenpoort in Nijmegen
No full textBricolage is a way of thinking, researching and designing. From the perspective of architect, we build our realm using the existing constructing logic and limited materials, to make something new from the old, which seems to be a low-key but efficient way for renovation of Passage de Molenpoort. Date back to 1972, the popularity of the American shopping mall gave birth to de Molenpoort in Nijmegen, the first shopping mall in Europe. Because it is a product of emulation, the Molenpoort did not take root in the city, but isolated from the context and grew savagely in the city center. On the one hand, ignoring the problems and simply protect it as a heritage building make no contribution to the rebirth of “dead mall”. On the other hand, totally replace the Molenpoort with another building will also be a loss for Nijmegen. In my proposal, I step back and review the whole evolution history as well as thinking over the existing problems hiding in the Molenpoort. And then I use all the materials in hand and all the ideas in my mind, to bricolage a Commercial Fulfillment Center, which is not only a solution to reinvent the "dead passage", but also a transitional product between retail architecture and public realm aiming at returning our public life back to the urban realm.Barr, V. (2004). Building type basics for retail and mixed-use facilities. New York: Wiley. Beddington, N. (1987). Design for shopping centers. London: Butterworth scientific. Berry, B. J. (1976). Urbanization and counterurbanization. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Chung, C. J., Inaba, J., Koolhaas, R., & Leong, S. T. (2001). Harvard Design School guide to shopping. Köln: Taschen. Gruen, V. (1973). Centers for the urban environment; survival of the cities. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Gruen, V., & Smith, L. (1960). Shopping towns, USA: The planning of shopping centers. New York: Reinhold Pub. Hahn, B. (2000). Power centres: a new retail format in the United States of America. Journal of Retail and Consumer Services Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Cape. Lewison, D. M. (1994). Retailing. New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company. Lynch, K., & Hack, G. (1984). Site planning. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Xiaohui, L., Yuzhen, Y. (1999). Shang Ye Jian Zhu (Commercial Buildings). Wuhan University of Technology PressArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technolog
Development of nuclear DNA markers to characterize genetically diverse groups of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and its closely related species
Get PDFRepetitive DNA sequences, ManDra and ManBgl, were isolated from the DraI and BglII digests of the genomic DNA of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, respectively. A primer set of ManDra distinguished two genetically different groups (A and B) of M. anguillicaudatus by specific electrophoretograms. A primer set of ManBgl amplified the DNA of M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis. The individuals of M. anguillicaudatus were divided into two groups depending on the fragment sizes, in which the groups A and B (B-1 and B-2) showed 400 and 460 bp, respectively. M. mizolepis was distinguished by a different pattern (400-, 460-, and 510-bp fragments). PCR-RFLP analyses of recombination activating gene 1 gave a clear difference between A or B-2 (443-bp fragment) and B-1 groups (296- and 147-bp fragments). Clonal lineages and hybrids between B-1 and B-2 groups could be identified by appearance of three fragments (443, 296, and 147 bp). The combined analyses using the above three nuclear markers discriminated among nuclear genomes of genetic groups (A, B-1 and B-2) of M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis. In several localities, natural hybridizations between the group B-1 and B-2 loaches and introgressions of clonal mitochondrial genomes into the group B-1 loaches were detected
Flagellar waveforms of gametes in the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus
Get PDFBrown algae are members of the Stramenopiles and their gametes generally have two heterogeneous flagella: a long anterior flagellum (AF) with mastigonemes and a short posterior flagellum (PF). In this study, swimming paths and flagellar waveforms in free-swimming and thigmotactic-swimming male and female gametes and in male gametes during chemotaxis, were quantitatively analysed in the model brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. This analysis was performed using a high-speed video camera. It was revealed that the AF plays a role in changing the locomotion of male and female gametes from free-swimming to thigmotactic-swimming and also in changing the swimming path of male gametes from linear to circular during chemotaxis. In the presence of a sex pheromone, male gametes changed their swimming path from linear (swimming path curvature, 0-0.02 mu m(-1)) to middle and small circular path (swimming path curvature, 0.04-0.20 mu m(-1)). The flagellar asymmetry and the deflection angle of the AF became larger, whereas the oscillation pattern of the AF was stable. However, there was no correlation between the flagellar asymmetry and the deflection angle of the AF and the path curvature when the male gametes showed middle to small circular paths. The PF irregularly changed the deflection angle and the oscillation pattern was unstable depending on the gradient of the sex pheromone concentration. AF waveforms were independent of PF locomotion during chemotaxis. This means that the AF has the ability to change the swimming path of male gametes - for example, from a highly linear path to a circular path - while changes in locomotion from a middle circle path to a small circle path is the result of beating of the PF
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