1,722,449 research outputs found
Ambientes linguísticos para a produção das fricativas /z/, /∫/e /ℑ/: variabilidades na aquisição fonológica de seis sujeitos Linguistic environments for the production of the fricatives /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/: variability in the phonological acquisition of six subjects
No full textTEMA: percursos de aquisição fonológica de crianças tratadas com ambientes favoráveis em oposição aos ambientes pouco favoráveis e neutros para a produção de /z/, /∫/e /ℑ/na terapia fonológica. PROCEDIMENTOS: foram selecionadas seis crianças com desvio fonológico e idades entre 4:7 e 7:8 para participarem do estudo. As mesmas estavam devidamente autorizadas por seus responsáveis. Foram realizadas avaliações fonoaudiológicas e complementares para diagnóstico do desvio fonológico. Os sujeitos foram pareados de acordo com a gravidade do desvio fonológico, sexo, faixa etária e aspectos do sistema fonológico em relação aos fonemas alterados. Metade das crianças foi tratada com palavras em que os fonemas /z/, /∫/e /ℑ/encontravam-se em ambientes favoráveis e a outra metade com ambientes pouco favoráveis e neutros. Foram realizadas oito sessões e, após estas, novas avaliações foram realizadas para descrever e comparar qualitativamente os percursos de aquisição fonológica dos sujeitos por meio do Modelo Implicacional de Complexidade de Traços. RESULTADOS: os resultados indicaram discreta vantagem na evolução terapêutica de dois sujeitos tratados com ambientes favoráveis, em relação a seus pares. Porém, uma criança tratada com ambientes pouco-favoráveis e neutros, obteve resultados mais positivos do que seu par. CONCUSÃO: os ambientes favoráveis à produção das fricativas /z/, /∫/e /ℑ/ não determinaram o sucesso terapêutico, porém influenciaram positivamente a evolução fonológica dos sujeitos do estudo.BACKGROUND: routes of phonological acquisition in children treated with favorable environments in contrast with unfavorable and neutral environments for production of /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/in phonological therapy. PROCEDURES: six children with phonological disorder aged between 4:7 and 7:8 were selected to take part in the study. They were properly authorized by their parents. There were speech-language and complementary evaluations in order to diagnose the phonological disorder. The subjects were matched according to the severity of the phonological disorder, gender, age and aspects of the phonological system in relation to the altered phonemes. Half of the children were treated with words in which the phonemes /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/ were in favorable environments and the other half with unfavorable and neutral environments. There were eight sessions and, after that, new evaluations were made in order to describe and qualitatively compare the routes of phonological acquisition in the said subjects through the Implicational Model of Features Complexity. RESULTS: the results indicated a small advantage in the therapeutic evolution of two subjects treated with favorable environments, in relation to their matches. However, children treated with unfavorable and neutral environments obtained more positive results than their matches. CONCLUSION: the favorable environments for production of fricatives /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/ did not determine the therapeutic success, but positively influenced the phonological evolution in the subjects in the study
Ambientes favoráveis para a produção de /ℑ/, /∫/ e /ℑ/: análise e comparação das mudanças ocorridas no sistema fonológico Favorable environments for producing /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/: Analysis and comparison of changes occurred in the phonological system
No full textOBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da terapia fonológica, utilizando o modelo de Ciclos Modificado, e comparar a evolução de dois grupos de crianças com desvio fonológico, um em cujo tratamento foram utilizadas palavras-alvo com contextos fonológicos favoráveis e outro em que foram utilizados os contextos pouco favoráveis e neutros, na aquisição das fricativas /z/, /∫/ e /ℑ/. MÉTODO: os sujeitos foram seis crianças com desvio fonológico e idades entre 4:7 e 7:8, devidamente autorizados a participarem da pesquisa. Os mesmos foram avaliados por meio de exames fonoaudiológicos e complementares para diagnosticar o desvio fonológico. Metade das crianças foi tratada com palavras em que os fonemas /z/, /∫/ e /ℑ/ encontravam-se em ambientes favoráveis e a outra metade com ambientes pouco favoráveis e neutros. Foram realizadas oito sessões e, após estas, nova avaliação de fala foi realizada. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: mudanças ocorridas no sistema fonológico e no percentual de consoantes corretas-revisado. Para a análise dos dados aplicou-se o Teste de Wilcoxon (pPURPOSE: to check the effects of phonological therapy using the Modified Cycles Model, and to compare the evolution of two groups of children with phonological disorder, one in which target-words with favorable phonological contexts were used in the treatment, and another one in which unfavorable and neutral contexts were used, in the acquisition of the fricatives /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/. METHOD: the subjects were six children with phonological disorder aged between 4:7 and 7:8 year old, authorized to take part in the research. They were evaluated in speech-language and complementary exams in order to diagnose the phonological disorder. Half of the children were treated with words where the phonemes /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/ were in favorable environments and the other half with the phonemes in unfavorable and neutral environments. There were eight sessions and, after that, a new speech evaluation was performed. The following variables were analyzed: changes in the phonological system and in the percentage of consonants correct-revised. Wilcoxon Test (p<0.05) was applied for analyzing the data. RESULTS: the therapeutic evolution was statistically significant for all the subjects in most variables, but there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison among the groups favorable and unfavorable and neutral. CONCLUSION: the therapy showed improvements in the phonological systems for all subjects, but the use of target-words with favorable phonological environments does not determine a better therapeutic evolution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Characteristics at baseline in the general population of Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen, stratified by vital status after 40 years of follow-up (n = 8465).
No full textCharacteristics at baseline in the general population of Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen, stratified by vital status after 40 years of follow-up (n = 8465).</p
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