1,723,351 research outputs found
Mechanisms of formation of electronegative LDL (LDL‾): the effect of glycoxidation and lipolysis
No full textA fração plasmática da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) é formada por partículas de diferentes tamanhos, carga e densidade. Baseada na diferença de carga das partículas, a LDL pode ser subfracionada em LDL nativa (nLDL) e LDL eletronegativa (LDL‾). A LDL‾ está presente no plasma e possui propriedades aterogênicas e pró-inflamatórias, assim como, possui menor concentração de antioxidantes lipossolúveis, maior concentração de dienos conjugados, alterações conformacionais da apoliproteína B-100 e menor afinidade para o receptor da LDL em comparação com a nLDL. Concentrações elevadas de LDL‾ têm sido observadas em pacientes com alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipercolesterolemia familiar, diabetes. Considerando-se que os mecanismos envolvidos na formação endógena da LDL‾ ainda não estão elucidados, neste estudo foi investigado o efeito da glicoxidação e da lipólise sobre a partícula LDL para avaliar a contribuição destes processos para a formação da LDL‾ in vitro e in vivo. As modificações químicas da LDL e da imunorreatividade com anticorpo monoclonal anti-LDL‾ foi analisada antes e depois da incubação do plasma com lipoproteína lipase (LPL) ou fosfolipase A2 (PLA2), assim como mimetizando-se a lipólise intravascular. Além disso, na lipólise in vivo foi monitorado no periodo pós-prandial em indivíduos normolipidêmicos para investigar a LDL‾ formada endogenamente. A contribuição da glicoxidação para a geração de LDL‾ foi avaliada in vitro pela incubação da LDL com glicose. O efeito da glicoxidação endógena foi monitorada pela medida, ex-vivo, dos os produtos de glicação avançada (AGEs) e LDL‾ no plasma de pacientes diabéticos tipo I (DM I), tipo II (DM II) e indivíduos intolerantes à glicose (IGT). O processo de glicação não enzimática, in vitro, resultou no aumento da concentração de LDL‾. Os indivíduos dos grupos DM I, DM II e IGT apresentaram concentrações plasmáticas elevadas de LDL‾ em relação aos seus respectivos controles, enquanto observou-se aumento de AGEs apenas nos grupos DM I e DM II. O processo de lipólise in vitro mediado pela LPL e PLA2, induziu aumento significante da concentração de LDL‾; entretanto, somente pela ação da LPL foi associada com modificações oxidativas. Em concordância, o processo de lipólise in vivo (pós-prandial) também promoveu aumento significativo da concentração de LDL‾ associado com modificações oxidativas. Conclusão, nossos dados mostram que, glicoxidação e de lipólise, poderiam contribuir na formação da LDL‾ in vivo.The low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction in blood plasma is formed by particles with different size, charge and density. Based on particle charge differences, LDL fraction may be separated into native (nLDL) and electronegative (LDL‾) subfractions. LDL‾ is present in blood plasma and has atherogenic and proinflammatory properties, as well as, lower concentrations of lipid soluble antioxidants, higher content of conjugated dienes, conformational alterations of apolipoprotein B-100 and lower affinity by LDL receptor in comparison to nLDL. Increased LDL‾ concentrations have been found in subjects with high risk for cardiovascular diseases, including those with familiar hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Considering that the mechanisms involved in the endogenous generation of LDL‾ are not yet well elucidated, in this study the effect of glucoxidation and lipolysis of LDL particles was investigated in order to evaluate their contribution to in vitro e in vivo LDL‾ formation. LDL chemical modifications and its reactivity towards a monoclonal anti-LDL‾ antibody were analyzed before and after incubation of either plasma or LDL with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as an in vitro lipolysis biomimetic system. Moreover, in vivo lipolysis was monitored at the post-prandial period in normolipidemic subjects to investigate LDL‾ endogenously formed. The contribution of glucoxidation to LDL‾ generation was evaluated in vitro by incubating LDL with glucose. The effect of endogenous glucoxidation was monitored by ex-vivo measurement of advanced glycation end products (AGES) and LDL‾ in blood plasma of type I (DM I) and II (DM II) diabetic patients, as well as, in subjects with glucose intolerance (IGT). The in vitro non-enzymatic glycation resulted in increased LDL‾ formation. The DM I, DM II and IGT groups showed higher LDL‾ concentrations than the respective control groups, while AGEs were increased only in DM I e DM II groups. The in vitro lipolysis mediated by LPL and PLA2 induced a significant increase of LDL‾; however, only LPL action was also associated to LDL oxidative modification. In accordance, in vivo lipolysis (post-prandial) also promoted a significant increase of LDL‾ levels associated to LDL oxidative modification. In conclusion, our data show that both, glycoxidation and lipolysis, could contribute to in vivo LDL‾generation
Mechanisms of formation of electronegative LDL (LDL‾): the effect of glycoxidation and lipolysis
No full textA fração plasmática da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) é formada por partículas de diferentes tamanhos, carga e densidade. Baseada na diferença de carga das partículas, a LDL pode ser subfracionada em LDL nativa (nLDL) e LDL eletronegativa (LDL‾). A LDL‾ está presente no plasma e possui propriedades aterogênicas e pró-inflamatórias, assim como, possui menor concentração de antioxidantes lipossolúveis, maior concentração de dienos conjugados, alterações conformacionais da apoliproteína B-100 e menor afinidade para o receptor da LDL em comparação com a nLDL. Concentrações elevadas de LDL‾ têm sido observadas em pacientes com alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipercolesterolemia familiar, diabetes. Considerando-se que os mecanismos envolvidos na formação endógena da LDL‾ ainda não estão elucidados, neste estudo foi investigado o efeito da glicoxidação e da lipólise sobre a partícula LDL para avaliar a contribuição destes processos para a formação da LDL‾ in vitro e in vivo. As modificações químicas da LDL e da imunorreatividade com anticorpo monoclonal anti-LDL‾ foi analisada antes e depois da incubação do plasma com lipoproteína lipase (LPL) ou fosfolipase A2 (PLA2), assim como mimetizando-se a lipólise intravascular. Além disso, na lipólise in vivo foi monitorado no periodo pós-prandial em indivíduos normolipidêmicos para investigar a LDL‾ formada endogenamente. A contribuição da glicoxidação para a geração de LDL‾ foi avaliada in vitro pela incubação da LDL com glicose. O efeito da glicoxidação endógena foi monitorada pela medida, ex-vivo, dos os produtos de glicação avançada (AGEs) e LDL‾ no plasma de pacientes diabéticos tipo I (DM I), tipo II (DM II) e indivíduos intolerantes à glicose (IGT). O processo de glicação não enzimática, in vitro, resultou no aumento da concentração de LDL‾. Os indivíduos dos grupos DM I, DM II e IGT apresentaram concentrações plasmáticas elevadas de LDL‾ em relação aos seus respectivos controles, enquanto observou-se aumento de AGEs apenas nos grupos DM I e DM II. O processo de lipólise in vitro mediado pela LPL e PLA2, induziu aumento significante da concentração de LDL‾; entretanto, somente pela ação da LPL foi associada com modificações oxidativas. Em concordância, o processo de lipólise in vivo (pós-prandial) também promoveu aumento significativo da concentração de LDL‾ associado com modificações oxidativas. Conclusão, nossos dados mostram que, glicoxidação e de lipólise, poderiam contribuir na formação da LDL‾ in vivo.The low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction in blood plasma is formed by particles with different size, charge and density. Based on particle charge differences, LDL fraction may be separated into native (nLDL) and electronegative (LDL‾) subfractions. LDL‾ is present in blood plasma and has atherogenic and proinflammatory properties, as well as, lower concentrations of lipid soluble antioxidants, higher content of conjugated dienes, conformational alterations of apolipoprotein B-100 and lower affinity by LDL receptor in comparison to nLDL. Increased LDL‾ concentrations have been found in subjects with high risk for cardiovascular diseases, including those with familiar hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Considering that the mechanisms involved in the endogenous generation of LDL‾ are not yet well elucidated, in this study the effect of glucoxidation and lipolysis of LDL particles was investigated in order to evaluate their contribution to in vitro e in vivo LDL‾ formation. LDL chemical modifications and its reactivity towards a monoclonal anti-LDL‾ antibody were analyzed before and after incubation of either plasma or LDL with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as an in vitro lipolysis biomimetic system. Moreover, in vivo lipolysis was monitored at the post-prandial period in normolipidemic subjects to investigate LDL‾ endogenously formed. The contribution of glucoxidation to LDL‾ generation was evaluated in vitro by incubating LDL with glucose. The effect of endogenous glucoxidation was monitored by ex-vivo measurement of advanced glycation end products (AGES) and LDL‾ in blood plasma of type I (DM I) and II (DM II) diabetic patients, as well as, in subjects with glucose intolerance (IGT). The in vitro non-enzymatic glycation resulted in increased LDL‾ formation. The DM I, DM II and IGT groups showed higher LDL‾ concentrations than the respective control groups, while AGEs were increased only in DM I e DM II groups. The in vitro lipolysis mediated by LPL and PLA2 induced a significant increase of LDL‾; however, only LPL action was also associated to LDL oxidative modification. In accordance, in vivo lipolysis (post-prandial) also promoted a significant increase of LDL‾ levels associated to LDL oxidative modification. In conclusion, our data show that both, glycoxidation and lipolysis, could contribute to in vivo LDL‾generation
Reconstruction methods — P‾ANDA focussing-light guide disc DIRC
Get PDFThe Focussing-Lightguide Disc DIRC will provide crucial Particle Identification (PID) information for the P‾ANDA experiment at FAIR, GSI. This detector presents a challenging environment for reconstruction due to the complexity of the expected hit patterns and the operating conditions of the P‾ANDA experiment. A discussion of possible methods to reconstruct PID from this detector is given here. Reconstruction software is currently under development
Linked collectors and determiners for: A taxonomic overview of Orchis sect. Robustocalcare (Orchidaceae).
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A taxonomic overview of Orchis sect. Robustocalcare (Orchidaceae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/d06a326d-2978-4e4a-8254-ed4b0318a8cf">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d06a326d-2978-4e4a-8254-ed4b0318a8cf</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d06a326d-2978-4e4a-8254-ed4b0318a8cf">https://gbif.org/dataset/d06a326d-2978-4e4a-8254-ed4b0318a8cf</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Linked collectors and determiners for: Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae; Calamoideae): Misidentified for far too long.
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae; Calamoideae): Misidentified for far too long". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/e48fa103-8254-4845-be98-ed5cde6924c5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/e48fa103-8254-4845-be98-ed5cde6924c5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/e48fa103-8254-4845-be98-ed5cde6924c5">https://gbif.org/dataset/e48fa103-8254-4845-be98-ed5cde6924c5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Migration From Asynchronous To Synchronous 8254 Programmable Interval Timer For Effective Static Timing Analysis
Get PDFAs the size of transistor is shrinking, the difficulty of a design to meet timing has increased. Also, continuously shrinking of transistor size from time to time has increased the on-die variation such as Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) variation of the chip. Since Performance Verification (PV) process or Static Timing Analysis (STA) tool is unable to cover the timing verification of asynchronous based design, asynchronous design is changed to synchronous based for the STA tools to ensure the silicon timing can be met across various PVT. Synchronous design is a design where the transaction of data is governed by clock whereas asynchronous is a design where the transaction of data is event based which is not based on clock. Intel 8254 Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) which is an asynchronous based design is used as a case study in this research. A design flow which included the asynchronous path identification and technique implementation from asynchronous to synchronous without functionality changes has been proposed. Techniques conversion from asynchronous to synchronous including the clock placement, delays, combinational loop, latch, clock domain crossing, and reset are implemented on the 8254 PIT. The functionality of the synchronous 8254 PIT is validated with total of 22 test cases. Result shows the timing analysis coverage of 8254 PIT by STA has been increased from 40% in asynchronous design based to 91% in synchronous design based. The timing analysis coverage of new synchronous 8254 PIT will be 100% if excluding the asynchronous reset path
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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