1,724,301 research outputs found
" Al-Ḥīra "
No full textIn al-Ḥīra: Eine arabische Kulturmetropole im spätantiken Kontext, Isabel Toral-Niehoff draws a vivid portrait of this Late Antique Arab metropolis, located on the frontier between Byzantium and Sasanian Iran. Based on new archaeological and textual evidence, this study documents al-Ḥīra?s historical impact far beyond its well-known role in literary history and describes its creation of a distinctly Arabic urban cultural symbiosis that drew on neighboring civilizations. Al-Ḥīra?s multicultural synthesis is shown to be a direct precursor to the emerging city of Kufa, its Islamic successor, and Islamic city culture at large
Elias Ekdikos as the Author of the Anthologium gnomicum (CPG 7716): A Research Update
No full textDespite different attributions to well-known writers of chapter collections, viz. Maximus the Confessor, John of Karpathos, Nilus of Ancyra, and Symeon the New Theologian, the Anthologium gnomicum (CPG 7716), a collection of ascetic and gnomic chapters from late 11th-early 12th century, should in all likelihood if not with certainty be attributed to Elias Ecdicus. In this article the author has sought to give a survey of the different attributions as well as a further identification of the author named Elias Ecdicus. For this purpose three kinds of sources have been used : the rich manuscript tradition of the Anthologium (12th-19th century), the collection’s reception by later Byzantine authors, and the arguments advanced by scholars from the 17th century up to now.Bien qu’attribué à différents auteurs de recueils de chapitres, à savoir Maxime le Confesseur, Jean de Karpathos, Nil d’Ancyre et Syméon le Nouveau Théologien, l’Anthologium gnomicum (CPG 7716), une collection de chapitres ascétiques et gnomiques de la fin du 11e-début du 12e siècle, doit selon toute vraisemblance, sinon avec certitude, être attribuée à Èlias Ekdikos. Dans cet article, l’auteur enquête sur ces différentes attributions et propose une identification plus poussée de l’auteur nommé Èlias Ekdikos. Dans ce but, trois type de sources ont été utilisées : la riche tradition manuscrite de l’Anthologie (12e-19e s.), la réception de la collection par des auteurs byzantins plus tardifs, et les arguments avancés par les chercheurs du 17e siècle à nos jours.De Ridder Eva. Elias Ekdikos as the Author of the Anthologium gnomicum (CPG 7716): A Research Update. In: Revue des études byzantines, tome 73, 2015. pp. 203-227
The Formation of Ḥaredism—Perspectives on Religion, Social Disciplining and Secularization in Modern Judaism
No full textThis article proposes a reassessment of the development of Ḥaredism, that is, the application of strict, maximalist, commandment-oriented Judaism to increasingly large lay publics, in light of confessionalization processes in Europe. Whereas historiographical and sociological convention locates the sources of Ḥaredism within the development of 19th century orthodox Jewish responses to the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah), Reform, and secular Zionism, this article argues that Ḥaredi structures and practices preceded these movements, and, in some cases, influenced their development. The basis for the priority of Ḥaredi identities to Jewish secular identities is rooted in the social disciplining and religious engineering of Jewish societies in the early modern era, until just before the Haskalah, and beyond. This disciplining was predicated on the imposition of religious, social, and ascetic education systems on growing segments of the population. Ḥaredism as a concept and as a phenomenon emerged in 16th century Safed (Ottoman Palestine); there, previous Jewish ascetic patterns were reworked, reorganized and structured under the aegis of the print era, and became a basis for mass, super-regional education. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Ḥaredi religiosity steadily percolated through European Jewish societies by means of works of personal ethic and conduct that were written, printed, and reprinted many times, in Hebrew and Yiddish, through works that enumerate the commandments, and through popular works that make the Jewish halakhic code, Shulḥan Arukh, accessible to the masses by abridging or reworking it. Starting in the early 19th century, with the mediation of the Ḥasidic and Lithuanian religious movements, this process massively penetrated broad strata of society
Between Text and Context: Understanding Ḥadīth through Asbab al Wurud
No full textA comprehensive understanding of Ḥadīth, with their narrative background in Islamic tradition, would require the application of the principle of asbāb al-wurūd (discerning the specific circumstances for the reason or purpose of revealing Ḥadīth), an approach which gives detailed information about narrated Ḥadīth. Having such a comprehension about the essence of the message of Ḥadīth could enhance the understanding of Muslim audiences and followers. This situation will indirectly provide a stepping stone to comprehensive information to prevent misunderstanding the message of Islamic religion. Taking due cognizance of these circumstances could potentially result in preventing actions of religious radicalism, which might result from obtaining religious messages through a solely textual approach. In this situation, the sufficient application of asbāb al-wurūd plays a significant role in leading an order to achieve the contextual comprehension of the religious message of Ḥadīth. This paper aims to examine the significance of asbāb al-wurūd in understanding the contextual meaning of Ḥadīth beyond a textual basis. The findings reveal that the contextual elaboration of the message of Ḥadīth could be adapted in a proper way, in which its textual comprehension could be elaborated on clearly through detailing its asbāb al-wurūd, one method of which is to refer to Muslim scholars together with schools of thought in order to clearly attain the message of Islamic religion. Furthermore, this article attempts to address such a way of bringing about textual understanding to the context to assist in adapting the contextual significance of a clear and detailed comprehension of Ḥadīth. The significance of this study is to contribute to providing a detailed explanation on both text and context in seeking for clarity on the Ḥadīths’ information and message with a clear basis as a safeguard against extremist interpretations of Islam
Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba
No full textThis volume represents the state of the art in research on the controversial Muslim legal scholar, theologian and man of letters Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba (d. 456/1064), who is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant minds of Islamic Spain. Remembered mostly for his charming treatise on love, he was first and foremost a fierce polemicist who was much criticized for his idiosyncratic views and his abrasive language
Chronic treatment with novel brain-penetrating selective NOP receptor agonist MT-7716 reduces alcohol drinking and seeking in the rat
No full textSince its discovery, the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)-NOP receptor system has been extensively investigated as a promising target to treat alcoholism. Encouraging results obtained with the endogenous ligand N/OFQ stimulated research towards the development of novel brain-penetrating NOP receptor agonists with a pharmacological and toxicological profile compatible with clinical development. Here we describe the biochemical and alcohol-related behavioral effects of the novel NOP receptor agonist MT-7716. MT-7716 has high affinity for human NOP receptors expressed in HEK293 cells with a Ki value of 0.21 nM. MT-7716 concentration-dependently stimulated GTPγ(35)S binding with an EC50 value of 0.30 nM and its efficacy was similar to N/OFQ, suggesting that MT7716 is a full agonist at NOP receptors. In the two bottle choice test MT-7716 (0, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, bid) given orally for 14 days dose-dependently decreased voluntary alcohol intake in Marchigian Sardinian rats. The effect became gradually stronger following repeated administration, and was still significant 1 week after discontinuation of the drug. Oral naltrexone (30 mg/kg, bid) for 14 days also reduced ethanol intake; however, the effect decreased over the treatment period and rapidly disappeared when drug treatment was discontinued. MT-7716 is also effective for preventing reinstatement caused by both ethanol-associated environmental stimuli and stress. Finally, to investigate the effect of MT-7716 on alcohol withdrawal symptoms, Wistar rats were withdrawn from a 7-day alcohol liquid diet. MT-7716 significantly attenuated somatic alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Together these findings indicate that MT-7716 is a promising candidate for alcoholism treatment remaining effective with chronic administration
[Northern Pacific Railway, Engine Drawing Card, Sketch 7716]
No full textThis engine drawing card was created for Northern Pacific Railway Company, Class 20 50/50 1/4 EE. Section J-20 1/4 EE. Sketch 7716. Copy Spec. C-
Khilāfah sebagai Bentuk Negara Ideal Menurut Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr Indonesia
No full textḤizb al-Taḥrīr Indonesia adalah sebuah gerakan politik Islam yang
berlandaskan pada aturan-aturan Islam. Meskipun sebagai partai politik, Ḥizb al-
Taḥrīr berbeda dengan partai politik Islam yang lain, Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr berlandaskan
pada politik transnasionalisme. Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr bertujuan untuk melanjutkan
kehidupan yang islami dan mengemban dakwah ke seluruh penjuru dunia. Untuk
mencapai tujuan ini, Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr berupaya untuk menegakkan khilāfah.
Khilāfah adalah sistem pemerintahan Islam yang menerapkan syarīʻah
Islam secara total sebagai aturan hidup umat Islam beserta umat lain yang berada
di bawah naungannya. Hanya dalam khilāfah semua urusan manusia diatur
berdasarkan syarīʻah Islam dan dipelihara dengan baik. Kehidupan yang sejahtera
dan bahagia atau hidup yang ideal, tidak bisa dicapai jika manusia tidak hidup di
dalam sebuah negara yang ideal pula. Bagi Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr, satu-satunya negara
ideal adalah negara khilāfah.
Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian tentang ?Khilāfah sebagai Bentuk Negara
Ideal Menurut Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr Indonesia? dan metode yang digunakan adalah
metode deskriptif-analisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelisik ke dalam inti-inti
gagasan atau ide pokok dari Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr Indonesia tentang khilāfah sebagai
sebuah negara ideal. Dengan kata lain, negara ideal yang didambakan Ḥizb al-
Taḥrīr Indonesia, tergambar dalam sistem khilāfah.
Dalam penelitian ini dijumpai bahwa segala bentuk sistem pemerintahan
sekuler di zaman ini, adalah sistem yang dianggap buruk oleh Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr
Indonesia. Segala jenis sistem sekuler adalah sistem turunan demokrasi yang
melahirkan anak seperti nasionalisme, kapitalisme, sosialisme, dan sebagainya.
Uniknya juga bahwa Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr Indonesia tidak menerima sistem lain selain
sistem pemerintahn Islam, yang mengambil bentuk khilāfah. Mereka tidak
berhenti dan tidak pula putus asa dalam memperjuangkan tegaknya khilāfah. Ini
karena mereka beranggapan bahwa sistem inilah sitem yang sangat ideal untuk
mengatasi segala bentuk permasalahan yang terjadi di seluruh negeri Islam atau
negeri mayoritas penduduknya Islam
MT-7716, a novel selective nonpeptidergic NOP receptor agonist, effectively blocks ethanol-induced increase in GABAergic transmission in the rat central amygdala
Get PDFThe GABAergic system in the central amygdala (CeA) plays a major role in ethanol dependence and the anxiogenic-like response to ethanol withdrawal. A large body of evidence shows that Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) regulates ethanol intake and anxiety-like behavior. In the rat, ethanol significantly augments CeA GABA release, whereas N/OFQ diminishes it. Using electrophysiological techniques in an in vitro slice preparation, in this study we investigated the effects of a nonpeptidergic NOP receptor agonist, MT-7716 [(R)-2-{3-[1-(Acenaphthen-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}-N-methylacetamide hydrochloride hydrate], and its interaction with ethanol on GABAergic transmission in CeA slices of naïve rats. We found that MT-7716 dose-dependently (100 nM-1000 nM) diminished evoked GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and increased paired-pulse facilitation ratio (PPF) of these evoked IPSPs, suggesting a presynaptic site of action of the MT-7716 by decreasing GABA release at CeA synapses. The presynaptic action of MT-7716 was also supported by the significant decrease in the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) induced by the NOP agonist. Interestingly, MT-7716 prevented the ethanol-induced augmentation of evoked IPSPs. A putative selective NOP antagonist, [Nphe1]Nociceptin(1-13)NH2, totally prevented the MT-7716-induced inhibition of IPSP amplitudes indicating that MT-7716 exerts its effect through NOPs. These data provide support for an interaction between the nociceptin and GABAergic systems in the CeA and for the anti-alcohol properties of the NOP activation. The development of a synthetic nonpeptidergic NOP receptor agonist such as MT-7716 may represent a useful therapeutic target for alcoholism
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