1,723,264 research outputs found
NS 6601, hibrid kukuruza
No full textOvo je novostvoreni hibrid kukuruza (Zea mays L.) NS 6601 priznat od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.This is registered newly-developed hybrid of maize (Zea mays L.) NS 6601 released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.Broj rešenja: 320-04-02742/2/2020-11
Datum rešenja: 04.03.2022
[Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., Engine Drawing Card, Sketch No. 6601]
No full textThis engine drawing card was created for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Class 10-46 F. Section J-10 F. Sketch 6601. Copy Spec. [field left blank]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Molecular investigations of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain DSM 6601 and development of the indigenous plasmids as cloning vectors
No full textDer apathogene E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 (E. coli Nissle 1917) kann als Modellorganismus für die Verwendung eines kommensalen Gram-negativen Bakterienstammes als Probiotikum angesehen werden. Dieser E. coli Stamm wurde intensiv erforscht und seine Eigenschaften sind daher gut charakterisiert. Der probiotische Charakter dieses Bakterienstammes ist auf gute Kolonisierungseigenschaften des menschlichen Darms, immunmodulatorische Effekte und antagonistische Wirkungen zurückzuführen. Der E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 wird seit einigen Jahrzehnten zur Behandlung verschiedener gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen eingesetzt und seine therapeutische Wirksamkeit ist wissenschaftlich bewiesen. Daher eignet sich dieser Stamm als Modellstamm für die Entwicklung eines bakteriellen Lebendvektors, der für mukosale Immunisierungen oder die zielgerichtete Lieferung von therapeutischen Molekülen in den Darm eingesetzt werden könnte. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Charakterisierung der kryptischen Plasmide pMUT1 und pMUT2 des probiotischen E. coli Stammes DSM 6601 durch Analyse der DNA-Sequenz. Die Analyse ergab, dass das Plasmid pMUT1 ein Replikationssystem vom ColE1-Typ, ein Mobilisierungssystem sowie eine Stabilitätsregion enthält, während das Plasmid pMUT2 ein ColE2-ähnliches Replikationssystem und ein anderes Mobilisierungssystem besitzt. In beiden Plasmiden konnten keine weiteren offenen Leserahmen mit bekannter Funktion identifiziert werden. Des Weiteren wurde ein spezifisches PCR-Nachweissystem für den E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 etabliert, das auf einer Methode zur direkten DNA-Isolierung aus Stuhlproben und einem optimierten PCR-Protokoll für auf den kryptischen Plasmiden basierende Primerkombinationen beruht. Dadurch konnte eine Sensitivität von 10(3)-10(4) Bakterien/0,1 g Stuhl erreicht werden, die vergleichbar mit den Nachweisgrenzen anderer beschriebener PCR-Nachweissysteme ist. Durch Analysen von Patientenstuhlproben wurde die Spezifität und der diagnostische Nutzen dieses PCR-Nachweissystems bestätigt. Darüber hinaus wurde eine plasmidfreie Variante des E. coli Stammes DSM 6601 hergestellt. Durch funktionelle Untersuchungen dieses Stammes konnten keine Unterschiede im Vergleich zu dem Wildtyp festgestellt werden, wodurch eine mögliche Funktion der beiden kryptischen Plasmide weiterhin unklar bleibt. Diese plasmidfreie Variante kann als Lebendvektor für rekombinante Plasmide auf Basis der Plasmide pMUT1 und pMUT2 verwendet werden. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung von stabilen Klonierungsvektoren für den probiotischen E. coli Stamm DSM 6601. Durch Integration von Antibiotika-Resistenzkassetten in die Plasmide pMUT1 und pMUT2 wurden Klonierungsvektoren konstruiert, die auch nach Insertion weiterer DNA-Fragmente ohne Antibiotika-Selektionsdruck stabil in diesem Stamm beibehalten werden. Zusätzlich wurde durch die stabile Expression von fluoreszierenden Proteinen ein visuelles Nachweissystem etabliert, das bei in vivo Experimenten verwendet werden kann. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit geboten, Erkenntnisse über Kolonisierungseigenschaften sowie Interaktionen des E. coli Stammes DSM 6601 mit endogenen Mikroorganismen und Zellen des Darmimmunsystems zu erlangen, was zur Aufklärung der Wirkungsweise dieses Stammes beitragen könnte. Im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung eines Lebendvakzins auf der Basis des probiotischen E. coli Stammes DSM 6601 wurden Adhäsine von humanpathogenen enterohämorrhagischen E. coli und von tierpathogenen enterotoxischen E. coli in diesem Stamm exprimiert. Bei ersten Immunisierungsversuchen in Mäusen konnte jedoch keine Induktion einer spezifischen Immunantwort gegen diese Adhäsine nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin wurde die inhibitorische Wirkung des E. coli Stammes DSM 6601 auf die Invasivität von Salmonellen in vitro und in vivo untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Typ 1- und F1C-Fimbrien keine Rolle bei dem inhibitorischen Effekt in vitro spielen und dass durch diesen E. coli Stamm in konventionellen Mäusen keine inhibitorischen Wirkungen nachzuweisen sind. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bilden durch die Entwicklung von stabilen Klonierungsvektoren und die Etablierung von Nachweissystemen für den probiotischen E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 die Grundlage für den Einsatz dieses Stammes als Lebendvektor und für in vivo Untersuchungen, die zur Aufklärung der Wirkungsmechanismen dieses Stammes beitragen könnten.The nonpathogenic E. coli strain DSM 6601 (E. coli Nissle 1917) can be considered as model organism for the employment of a commensal Gram-negative bacterial strain as a probiotic. This E. coli strain has been intensively investigated and therefore its properties are well characterized. The probiotic character of this strain is due to excellent colonization properties of the human gut, immunomodulatory effects and antagonistic activities. The E. coli strain DSM 6601 has been used for decades for the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases and its therapeutic efficacy is scientifically proved. Therefore, this strain is suited as a model strain for the development of a bacterial live vector, which might be used for mucosal immunization or localized delivery of therapeutic molecules into the intestine. One major aim of this work was the characterization of the cryptic plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2 of probiotic E. coli strain DSM 6601 by DNA sequence analysis. The analysis showed that plasmid pMUT1 carries a replication system of ColE1-type, a mobilization system as well as a stabilization region, whereas plasmid pMUT2 contains a ColE2-like replication system and another mobilization system. Further open reading frames with known function were not identified in both plasmids. Furthermore, a specific PCR detection system for E. coli strain DSM 6601 was established, which uses a method for direct isolation of DNA from faecal samples and an optimized PCR protocol for primer combinations based on the cryptic plasmids. Thereby, a sensitivity of 10(3)-10(4) bacteria/0,1 g faeces was achieved that is comparable with detection limits of other described PCR detection systems. The specifity and diagnostic utility of this PCR detection system was confirmed by analysis of faecal samples from patients. In addition, a plasmid-free variant of E. coli strain DSM 6601 was constructed. Functional analyses of this strain detected no differences compared to the wildtype, whereby the possible function of both cryptic plasmids still remains unclear. This plasmid-free variant can be used as live vector for recombinant plasmids based on the plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2. Another aim of this work was the development of stable cloning vectors for the probiotic E. coli strain DSM 6601. Cloning vectors were constructed by integration of antibiotic resistance cassettes in the plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2, which are still stably maintained following insertion of additional DNA fragments without selection pressure by antibiotics. Furthermore, a visual detection system was established by the stable expression of fluorescent proteins that can be used in in vivo experiments. This offers the opportunity to gain knowledge of colonization properties as well as interactions of E. coli strain DSM 6601 with endogenous microorganisms and cells of the gut’s immune system, which might contribute to explain the mode of action of this strain. With regard to the development of a live vaccine based on the probiotic E. coli strain DSM 6601, adhesins of human pathogenic enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and animal pathogenic enterotoxigenic E. coli were expressed in this strain. Induction of specific immune responses to these adhesins were not demonstrated by first immunization experiments in mice. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the E. coli strain DSM 6601 on Salmonella invasion was investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was demonstrated that type 1 and F1C fimbriae have no influence on the inhibitory effect in vitro and that no inhibitory effects could be established in conventional mice by this E. coli strain. By the development of stable cloning vectors and the establishment of detection systems for the E. coli strain DSM 6601, the results of this work provide the basis for the employment of this strain as live vector and for in vivo investigations, which might contribute to explain this strain’s mode of action
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
California Poll: 6601 -- January 29 - February 5, 1966
No full textThe Field Poll, established in 1945 as The California Poll by Mervin Field, has operated continuously as an independent, non-partisan, media-sponsored public opinion news service. Each year the Field Polls cover a wide range of political and social topics examining California public opinion. Continuing measures are made of voter support for leading political figures vying for major state and federal offices, job ratings of important political figures and reactions to significant political events. Voter awareness, understanding and predispositions of major campaign issues and salient statewide ballot propositions are also tracked over time. For poll 6601 N=1037
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