1,721,070 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Lipoprotein-Konzentrationen im Blutserum gesunder und kranker Kühe und Kälber
Get PDFDie Lipoproteindiagnostik ist in der Humanmedizin ein wichtiger Bestandteil zur Abklärung von Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten in Verbindung mit Fettstoffwechselstörungen. In der Buiatrik fehlen systematische Untersuchungen sowohl zu Referenzwerten als auch zur Pa-thophysiologie der Lipoproteine (LP) einschließlich einer möglichen diagnostischen Nutzung. Ziele der vorliegenden Untersuchung waren die Ermittlung von LP-Referenzwerten bei kli-nisch gesunden Milchkühen (Geburts- und Laktationseinfluß) und klinisch gesunden weibli-chen Kälbern (Alterseinfluß), die Bestimmung von LP-Konzentrationen bei häufigen Erkran-kungen von Kühen und Kälbern sowie die Überprüfung der Übereinstimmung von mittels Elektrophorese bzw. Ultrazentrifugation ermittelten LP-Konzentrationen. Die LP wurden mit dem Elektrophorese-System RAPIDOPHOR unter Verwendung von LIPIDOPHOR All in 12 (IMMUNO AG, Wien) bei 216 Milchkühen (98 klinisch gesunde, 5 davon im peripartalen Zeitraum sowie 118 kranke) und 47 weiblichen Kälbern (21 klinisch gesunde und 26 kranke) bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurden weitere Parameter des Fett-, Energie-, Eiweiß- sowie Mineralstoffwechsels mit dem Laborautomaten HITACHI 704 ermittelt. Beim Vergleich der mittels Ultrazentrifugation und Elektrophorese bestimmten LP-Konzen-trationen konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Der Einfluß der Geburt auf die LP-Konzentrationen wurde bei fünf klinisch gesunden Kühen im Zeitraum einen Tag ante partum bis fünf Tage post partum (p.p.) geprüft. Die LP-Konzen-trationen wiesen, mit Ausnahme einer am vierten Tag p.p. (Medianwert x = 54 mg/dl) gegen-über dem Tag vor der Geburt (x = 64 mg/dl) signifikant (p  0,05) erniedrigten -LP-Konzentration, keine signifikanten Konzentrationsunterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Ent-nahmezeitpunkten auf. Bei klinisch gesunden laktierenden Kühen (Gruppe I: 1-5 Tage p.p., n = 25; Gruppe II: 6-39 Tage p.p., n = 20; Gruppe III: 40-100 Tage p.p., n = 40; Gruppe IV: > 100 Tage p.p., n = 8) stieg im Verlaufe der Laktation die Gesamt-LP-Konzentration von 252 mg/dl auf 765 mg/dl (jeweils x) an. Dieser Konzentrationsanstieg wurde hauptsächlich von den - und -LP getra-gen, deren Konzentrationen (jeweils x) in Gruppe I bei 188 mg/dl bzw. 61 mg/dl, in Gruppe II bei 393 mg/dl bzw. 112 mg/dl, in Gruppe III bei 476 mg/dl bzw. 102 mg/dl und in Gruppe IV bei 647 mg/dl bzw. 100 mg/dl lagen. Die Medianwerte für die prä--LP-Konzentrationen betrugen 3 mg/dl in Gruppe I, 10 mg/dl in Gruppe II, 8 mg/dl in Gruppe III und 19 mg/dl in Gruppe IV. Diese vom Laktationsstadium abhängigen Referenzwerte wurden der Ermittlung von Abweichungen bei kranken Kühen des entsprechenden Laktationsabschnitts zugrunde gelegt. Postnatal (p.n.) zeigten die klinisch gesunden weiblichen Kälber (Gruppe I: 1-2 Tage p.n., n = 5; Gruppe II: 3-8 Tage p.n., n = 5; Gruppe III: 36-59 Tage p.n., n = 6; Gruppe IV: 60-90 Tage p.n., n = 5) eine Abnahme der Gesamt-LP-Konzentration von 507 mg/dl auf 318 mg/dl (jeweils x). Diese Konzentrationsabnahme betraf hauptsächlich die - und prä--LP, deren Medianwerte in Gruppe I bei 368 mg/dl bzw. 67 mg/dl, in Gruppe II bei 345 mg/dl bzw. 71 mg/dl, in Gruppe III bei 190 mg/dl bzw. 60 mg/dl und in Gruppe IV bei 219 mg/dl bzw. 23 mg/dl lagen. Die -LP-Konzentrationen (jeweils x) betrugen 72 mg/dl in Gruppe I, 82 mg/dl in Gruppe II, 64 mg/dl in Gruppe III und 76 mg/dl in Gruppe IV. Diese Referenz-werte wurden ebenfalls der Ermittlung von Abweichungen bei kranken Kälbern der entspre-chenden Altersgruppe zugrunde gelegt. Kühe zeigten bei Erkrankungsbeginn nachfolgende Abweichungen der LP-Konzentrationen: Die -LP wiesen lediglich bei Endometritiden (Gruppe II: x = 252 mg/dl, n = 7) eine signifi-kante Konzentrationsabnahme auf, waren aber bei Mastitiden (Gruppe I: x = 344 mg/dl, n = 5) und Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates (Gruppe I: x = 409 mg/dl, n = 5) signifikant er-höht. Bei Erkrankungen des Atmungs- (Gruppe IV: x = 3 mg/dl, n = 5) und Bewegungsap-parates (Gruppe II: x = 2 mg/dl, n = 5; Gruppe III: x = 3 mg/dl, n = 6) bestanden signifikante Abnahmen der prä--LP-Konzentrationen, während bei Gebärparese (Gruppe I: x = 4 mg/dl, n = 4), Endometritiden (Gruppe III: x = 25 mg/dl, n = 5) und Erkrankungen des Atmungsap-parates (Gruppe I: x = 5 mg/dl, n = 4) signifikante Zunahmen derselben beobachtet wurden. Bei Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates (Gruppe I: x = 23 mg/dl, n = 5; Gruppe II: x = 28 mg/dl, n = 5), Mastitiden (Gruppe II: x = 29 mg/dl, n = 5; Gruppe III: x = 57 mg/dl, n = 5) und Diarrhoe (Gruppe II: x = 43 mg/dl, n = 15) waren signifikante Abnahmen der -LP-Konzentration typisch, während Endometritiden (Gruppe III: x = 147 mg/dl, n = 5) mit einer Zunahme derselben verbunden waren. Bei Vorliegen einer Dislocatio abomasi ad sinistram (Gruppe II, n = 11) zeigten die - und -LP-Konzentrationen sowohl präoperativ (-LP: x = 190 mg/dl, -LP: x = 29 mg/dl ) als auch am ersten (-LP: x = 219 mg/dl, -LP: x = 18 mg/dl ) und dritten (-LP: x = 166 mg/dl, -LP: x = 2 mg/dl ) postoperativen Tag signifikante Abnahmen gegenüber klinisch gesunden Kühen. Im Falle von Dislocatio abomasi ad dextram (Gruppe II, n = 6) waren präoperativ (-LP: x = 316 mg/dl, -LP: x = 63 mg/dl) gleichfalls signifikante Abnahmen der - und -LP-Kon-zentrationen charakteristisch, die sich am ersten (-LP: x = 224 mg/dl, -LP: x = 35 mg/dl) und dritten (-LP: x = 224 mg/dl, -LP: x = 47 mg/dl) postoperativen Tag weiter verstärkten. Bei beiden Verlagerungsformen konnten keine signifikanten Veränderungen der prä--LP-Konzentrationen gegenüber klinisch gesunden Kontrolltieren nachgewiesen werden. Kälber beider Altersgruppen (I: n = 5, II: n = 6) wiesen in der Anfangsphase von Erkran-kungen des Verdauungsapparates signifikante Konzentrationsabnahmen aller LP-Fraktionen auf (Gruppe I: -LP: x = 153 mg/dl, prä--LP: x = 16 mg/dl, -LP: x = 20 mg/dl; Gruppe II: -LP: x = 178 mg/dl, prä--LP: x = 5 mg/dl, -LP: x = 28 mg/dl). Erkrankungen des At-mungsapparates zeichneten sich am Anfang lediglich durch eine signifikante Abnahme der prä--LP-Konzentration in Gruppe III (x = 24 mg/dl, n = 5) sowie eine Zunahme der -LP-Konzentration in Gruppe IV (x = 95 mg/dl, n = 11) aus. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigten, daß bei der Bewertung von LP-Konzentrationen Altersabhängigkeit sowie Laktationseinfluß zu beachten sind. Erkrankungen mit stärkerer Lipomobilisation (Dislocatio abomasi) zeichneten sich durch signifikante Kon-zentrationsabnahmen der - und -LP aus. Die gleichzeitige Kontrolle von weiteren klinisch-chemischen Parametern im Blutserum ließ erkennen, daß die beobachteten Veränderungen der Konzentration der LP-Fraktionen auf eine Beeinflussung der intestinalen und / oder hepati-schen LP-Synthese im Gefolge von Energiemangel nach eingeschränkter Futteraufnahme und / oder gestörter Nährstoffresorption sowie auf eine hierdurch ausgelöste Schädigung der Leberfunktion zurückzuführen sind.Lipoprotein (lp) diagnostics in human medicine play an important role especially in the diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases in association with disorders in the lipid metabolism. Systematic investigations both into reference values and pathophysiology of lp and into their diagnostic benefit are missing in buiatrics. The aims of this research were the determination of reference values for clinical healthy dairy cows (influence of lactation and parturition) and clinical healthy female calves (influence of age), the checkup of the behaviour of lp concen-tration in sick cows and calves and the comparison of the methods of lp determination by \u84electrophoresis\u93 and \u84ultracentrifugation.\u93 The lp were determinated with the electrophoresis-system RAPIDOPHOR and LIPIDOPHOR All in 12 (IMMUNO AG, Vienna) on 216 dairy cows (98 clinical healthy, 5 of them during the peripartal period and 118 sick ones) and 47 female calves (21 clinical healthy and 26 sick ones). Further parameters of the lipid, energy, protein and mineral me-tabolism were established with the laboratory equipment HITACHI 704. When the methods of lp determination \u84electrophoresis\u93 and \u84ultracentrifugation\u93 were com-pared, the determined concentrations of lp didnŽt show any significant differences. To take a closer look at the lp in clinical healthy cows (n = 5) during the peripartal period, blood samples were taken one day before parturition and on the following five days postpar-tum (p.p.). The lp didnŽt show any significant differences at the individual times blood was taken during the peripartal period, except for the -lp on the fourth day p.p. (median value x = 54 mg/dl) when their concentration was significantly (p  0,05) lower than one day before parturition (x = 64 mg/dl). On clinical healthy dairy cows (group I: 1-5 days p.p., n = 25; group II: 6-39 days p.p., n = 20; group III: 40-100 days p.p., n = 40; group IV: > 100 days p.p., n = 8) a rise in the total lp con-centration from 252 mg/dl to 765 mg/dl (x respectively) could be noted. This rise was mainly due to - and -lp (group I: -lp: x = 188 mg/dl, -lp: x = 61 mg/dl; group II: -lp: x = 393 mg/dl, -lp: x = 112 mg/dl; group III: -lp: x = 476 mg/dl, -lp: x = 102 mg/dl; group IV: -lp: x = 647 mg/dl, -lp: x = 100 mg/dl). The pre--lp concentration (x respectively) during the course of lactation were 3 mg/dl in group I, 10 mg/dl in group II, 8 mg/dl in group III and 19 mg/dl in group IV. These reference values were taken as a basis for the establishment of the deviations which could be seen on sick cows during the same period of lactation. The clinical healthy female calves examined were divided into four groups as well: group I: 1-2 days postnatal (p.n.) (n =5), group II: 3-8 days p.n. (n = 5), group III: 36-59 days p.n. (n = 6) and group IV: 60-90 days p.n. (n = 5). These showed a decrease in the total lp con-centration from 507 mg/dl to 318 mg/dl (x respectively). This decrease was mainly due to - (group I: x = 368 mg/dl, group II: x = 345 mg/dl, group III: x = 190 mg/dl, group IV: x = 219 mg/dl) and pre--lp (group I: x = 67 mg/dl, group II: x = 71 mg/dl, group III: x = 60 mg/dl, group IV: x = 23 mg/dl). Following -lp concentration could be found: group I: x = 72 mg/dl, group II: x = 82 mg/dl, group III: x = 64 mg/dl, group IV: x = 76 mg/dl. These reference values were also taken as a basis for the establishment of the deviations which could be seen on sick calves of the same age group. The following deviations of the lp concentration could be seen in cows at the beginning of their illness: The -lp showed a sigificant drop in their concentration only with endometritis (group II: x = 252 mg/dl, n = 7), otherwise they were significantly increased with mastitis (group I: x = 344 mg/dl, n = 5) and diseases of the locomotion system (group I: x = 409 mg/dl, n = 5). Concerning the pre--lp, a significant drop in concentration could be proved with res-piratory diseases (group IV: x = 3 mg/dl, n = 5) and diseases of the locomotion system (group II: x = 2 mg/dl, n = 5; group III: x = mg/dl, n = 6) whereas the concentration increased signifi-cantly with milk fever (group I: x = 4 mg/dl, n = 4), endometritis (group III: x = 25 mg/dl, n = 5) and respiratory diseases (group I: x = 5 mg/dl, n = 4). The -lp showed a significant drop in their concentration with diseases of the locomotion system (group I: x = 23 mg/dl, n = 5; group II: x = 28 mg/dl, n = 5), masitits (group II: x = 29 mg/dl, n = 5; group III: x = 57 mg/dl, n = 5) and diarrhea (group II: x = 43 mg/dl, n = 15) while their concentration increased significantly with endometritis (group III: x = 147 mg/dl, n = 5). With left abomasal displacement (group II, n = 11), a significant drop in the concentration of - and -lp as compared to clinical healthy cows existed preoperatively (-lp: x = 190 mg/dl, -lp: x = 29 mg/dl) as well as at the first (-lp: x = 219 mg/dl, -lp: x = 18 mg/dl) and third (-lp: x = 166 mg/dl, -lp: x = 2 mg/dl) postoperative day. With right abomasal displacement (group II, n = 6), a significant drop in the concentration of - and -lp could be recorded pre-operatively as well \u96 the concentration continued to drop until the third postoperative day (preoperative: -lp: x = 316 mg/dl, -lp: x = 63 mg/dl; first postoperative day: -lp: x = 224 mg/dl, -lp: x = 35 mg/dl; third postoperative day: -lp: x = 224 mg/dl, -lp: x = 47 mg/dl). With both forms of abomasal displacement no significant changes in the pre--lp concentration as compared to clinical healthy control animals could be proved. Calves of both age groups (I: n = 5, II: n = 6) with initial stage diarrhea showed significant reductions of all fractions of lp (group I: -lp: x = 153 mg/dl, pre--lp: x = 16 mg/dl, -lp: x = 20 mg/dl; group II: -lp: x = 178 mg/dl, pre--lp: x = 5 mg/dl, -lp: x = 28 mg/dl). With the beginning of respiratory diseases, only the pre--lp concentration in animals of group III (x = 24 mg/dl, n = 5) showed a significant drop and the -lp concentration in calves of group IV (x = 95 mg/dl, n = 11) increased significantly. The results of these investigations have shown that the influence of age and lactation have to be taken into account for the evaluation of lp concentration. Diseases with more intense lipid mobilisation (dislocatio abomasi) are characterized by significantly decreased - and -lp concentration. The concurrent control of other clinical chemical parameters in the blood serum suggested that the observed changes in concentration of each lp fraction are due to the influence on the intestinal and / or hepatical synthesis because of energy deficiency after reduced intake of feed and / or malresorption of nutrients and - as a result of this - due to the damaged function of the liver
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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