1,724,492 research outputs found
Abstract 4956: Oral antibiotics act as potent immunotherapeutic agents against pancreatic cancer
No full textAbstract Background: Recent reports have elaborated on how the gut microbiota shape vertebrate immune system during ontogeny. Additionally, tumor-promoting inflammation and gut dysbiosis are often associated with multiple cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We sought to investigate the gut microbiota-immune relationship in mouse models of cancer. Methods: To investigate if cancer-associated dysbiosis modulates cancer per se, neonatal mice with unstable, dynamic gut microbiota (guests) were cohoused with either adult cancer-naive mice or adult pancreatic cancer-bearing KPC (KrasG12D/+;Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre) mice. After 4 weeks of co-housing, guest mice were subcutaneously implanted with KPC PDAC and monitored for cancer progression. In a parallel series of experiments, tumor progression was compared between control mice and mice given oral antibiotics and also, between germ free mice and conventionalized mice. Later, oral antibiotics were combined with checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical trials of efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies and knockout strains of mice were used to elucidate mechanism. Pancreatic tumors were probed for bacteria. Results: Co-housing with KPC mice significantly increased cancer progression in guest mice compared to that in guest mice co-housed with non-cancer-bearing cagemates. Bowel sterilization dramatically reduced cancer burden in subcutaneous, metastatic, and orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer as well as in subcutaneous and metastatic models of melanoma. Similarly, germ free mice had decreased subcutaneous PDAC burden compared to littermate conventionalized mice. Surprisingly and in findings contradictory to previously published reports, oral antibiotics also potentiated the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in shrinking tumors. The tumor decreasing effect of antibiotics disappeared in immunodeficient Rag1-/- mice, wild type mice depleted of IL-17a but not in Tlr4-/- mice. Immunophenotyping further confirmed microbiota-mediated infiltration of immunosuppressive cells inside tumor and antibiotics-mediated activation of intratumoral Th1/Tc1 immunity. Interestingly, pancreatic cancer liver metastases revealed a significant presence of 16S rDNA resembling the gut flora and subcutaneous pancreatic cancer tissue grew viable bacteria on culture medium and this was prevented by oral antibiotics, thereby suggesting a gut-to-tumor translocation of bacteria. Conclusion: Our data suggest that gut microbiota-cancer cross talk is mediated by the immune system and that oral antibiotics may be repurposed as potent anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: Vrishketan Sethi, Saba Kurtom, Irina Fernandez, Maria Abreu, Sabita Roy, Sundaram Ramakrishnan, Ashok Saluja, Vikas Dudeja. Oral antibiotics act as potent immunotherapeutic agents against pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4956
Linked collectors and determiners for: The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata).
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1">https://gbif.org/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Linked collectors and determiners for: The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata).
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1">https://gbif.org/dataset/4b84979a-e3de-4956-b9c7-91e178dd46b1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Linked collectors and determiners for: HVASF - Herbário Vale do São Francisco.
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "HVASF - Herbário Vale do São Francisco". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/b18aa640-0367-4956-a6a4-5f07141127f1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b18aa640-0367-4956-a6a4-5f07141127f1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b18aa640-0367-4956-a6a4-5f07141127f1">https://gbif.org/dataset/b18aa640-0367-4956-a6a4-5f07141127f1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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