970 research outputs found
An Innovative Electric Motor Topology Developed for 2- and 3-Wheelers
No full textThis paper presents a comparative study between the state-of-the-art electrical machine topologies and an alternative innovative rare-earth-free solution. Focus is placed on the electric 2- and 3-wheelers. This application requires electrical machines typically in the range of 4 kW to 10 kW, to be manufactured and designed for cost-effective small to mid-size vehicles. The comparison is made taking into account major 2- and 3-wheelers attributes of efficiency, cost, sustainability, weight and performance. The different electrical machine topologies discussed in this paper are interior permanent magnet machines, axial flux permanent magnet machines, and axial flux electrically excited synchronous machines. This study is carried out on a 5.5 kW electrical machine. However, this paper results and conclusion may be extended also to other power levels in this segment. Besides the comparison in attributes, production aspects are also taken into account in this study. Focus in this research is put on central-drive propulsion architecture which covers majority of 2- and 3-wheelers market today. In-wheel configuration will be addressed in future publications
A Simplified Analytical Approach for Hybrid Exciters of Wound-Field Generators
No full textMidpower wound-field generators are predominantly used for grid applications, marine naval ships, industrial buildings, and critical standby power applications. They are often equipped with brushless excitation systems (ESs), where an exciter supplies the generator through a diode rectifier. Here, the uncontrolled nature of the rectification process can determine a significant reduction of the mean value of the output voltage. Hence, the root causes must be identified and properly modeled for an accurate evaluation of the system performance. In this article, a simplified analytical model is proposed for such purposes, taking as case study a consequent-pole, hybrid exciter of a wound-field generator for naval applications. The approach is based on the calculation of the diodes' commutation angle, which permits to estimate the exciter's armature current waveforms. Special focus is given to the voltage waveforms, which are determined using the estimated current waveforms as an input, thus removing the need for a numerical resolution. In addition, simplified equivalent functions calculated without relying upon finite-element (FE) analyses are employed to determine the machine inductances. Being fully released from any numerical computation, the proposed model permits a fast but accurate evaluation of the exciter performance. For validation purposes, FE and experimental investigations are finally performed
Bildung und Umbildung kirchlicher Strukturen in Italien zwischen Spätantike und Frühmittelalter.
No full textIn questo contributo si intendono analizzare l’azione dei vescovi di Roma nelle dinamiche di formazione e sviluppo dell’organizzazione ecclesiastica nel territorio dell’Italia e le relazioni con le strutture vescovili di altre diocesi, lasciando sullo sfondo tematiche fondamentali (i profondi cambiamenti politico-istituzionali che interessarono il territorio italiano nel lungo periodo considerato, i rapporti con l’Impero e con i Longobardi, le dispute dottrinali, la diffusione del culto dei santi e altri). Si è proceduto attraverso alcune esemplificazioni (Milano, Ravenna, l’Italia meridionale) che tengano conto delle strutture ecclesiastiche quali si erano andate progressivamente definendo nel corso della tarda antichità, a partire dal IV secolo. Lo studio si conclude alle soglie dell’XI secolo, quando si definì un nuovo assetto della geografia ecclesiastica nell’ambito della Chiesa riformata
An Asymmetrical Additively Manufactured Hairpin Winding for increased efficiency and sustainability
No full text
The Plexin-A1 Receptor Activates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Receptor 2 and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B to Mediate Survival and Anchorage-Independent Growth of Malignant Mesothelioma Cells.
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Etanercept in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with concomitant hepatitis C virus infection: Clinical and virological study in three patients
No full textTreatment of patients with psoriasis and concomitant hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection poses a therapeutic challenge because most systemic drugs are associated with potential hepatotoxicity, either due to direct liver damage or to immunosuppression. Among newly available drugs for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, studies investigating the effect of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha in such patients are still limited. We describe three psoriatic patients with HCV, one with concomitant alcoholic hepatitis, who were treated with etanercept monotherapy for six months. We obtained good clinical responses for both psoriasis and arthritis in all three patients. While no significant changes in viral load and transaminases were observed in two patients, alanine aminotrasferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were raised during treatment in the patient with concomitant alcoholic hepatitis. At baseline, one patient was negative and two were positive for mixed-type cryoglobulins. During treatment, none of the patients developed cryoglobulinemia-related clinical symptoms, and one of the two patients positive at baseline was negative for cryoglobulins at the end of follow-up. Our results add to accumulating data suggesting that etanercept represents a valuable therapeutic option for treatment of HCV-positive psoriatic patients, with an acceptable safety profile in the short-term. However, etanercept treatment of HCV cases with concomitant alcoholic hepatitis must be undertaken with caution
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