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汉语疑问句的教学和学习方案
No full text随着最近在外语教育上更加强调了语言交际的重要性，提高语言交际能力的教学與学习方法的开发將越来越受到重视。其实在语言交际中提问和回答佔據了绝大部分，而进行提问和回答时所用的文章形式大多是疑问句。因此如果让学生正确而得体地使用疑问句，將能够大大提高学生的语言交际能力。
语言交际能力指的並不单是语法能力，还包括社会语言能力、话语能力和战略性交口能力等综合能力，因此不能单强调某一部分。目前为止，韩国汉语教育倾向忽视疑问句本体的教学和学习，并且限制于脱离情景的语法提示和机械性的练习。但是不能把追求正确使用语言的能力视为目的，而是要视为提高语言流利程度的奠石。因此提示语法形式时必定和语义结合，还增加妥当得体地提问和回答的练习活动，以增加学生在课堂上充分练习疑问句的机会。
根据以上的观点，在本论文的第二章，分析了进行提问和回答时成为基础的理论，如疑问句形式、语义功能、各个形式间的差别。在第三章先把疑问句分类为是非疑问句、特指疑问句、正反疑问句、选择疑问句和省略疑问句，并以演繹法、歸纳法和利用课文的方法来提示各个疑问句的语法形式。而且探讨了形式跟回答结合的练习方法，就让学生能在有情景的语言环境下自己发现各形式的规则以及语义上的差异。其次後面提示了模拟语言交际活动和实际语言交际活动，让学生能够使用疑问句来提问和回答。在第四章，提示了课文和教案，以示范以上探讨的教学学习方案怎么运用在课堂上。;최근 외국어 교육에서 의사소통의 중요성이 강조되면서 의사소통 능력의 향상을 위한 교수학습 방법의 개발이 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 의사소통에서 사실상 질문과 대답이 큰 비중을 차지하는 데 이 때 사용되는 문장형식이 의문문이다. 따라서 의문문을 정확하고 정황에 맞게 쓸 수 있도록 가르치고 학습한다면 의사소통 능력이 많이 향상될 것이다.
의사소통 능력은 문법 능력뿐만 아니라 담화 능력, 사회 언어적 능력, 전략적 능력을 모두 포괄하는 종합적 능력이므로 어느 한 가지를 지나치게 강조하는 것은 옳지 않다. 지금까지 중국어 교육에서는 의문문 자체의 교수학습에 소홀한 측면이 있었고 형식 제시나 연습활동도 맥락과 유리된 기계적 연습에 그치는 경우가 많았다. 그러나 언어의 정확성 추구는 목적이 되어서는 안 되고 유창성을 향상시키는 데 기본이 되어야 한다. 따라서 형식을 의미와 연결하여 제시하고 질문과 대답을 적절하게 하는 연습활동을 포함하여 실제 의문문의 사용의 기회를 늘릴 필요가 있다.
이러한 관점을 바탕으로 본고 제2장에서는 질문 대답 연습에 필요한 의문문의 유형별 형식, 의미기능과 형식 간 차이점을 이론적으로 살펴보았다. 제3장에서는 의문문을 시비의문문, 특지의문문, 정반의문문, 선택의문문, 생략의문문으로 유형을 나누고, 연역적 접근뿐만 아니라 귀납적 접근, 텍스트를 이용한 접근 방법으로 유형별 형식을 제시하였다. 또한 대답과 연계된 연습을 제시하여 상황맥락 속에서 학습자 스스로 형식의 규칙과 의미 차이를 발견하도록 하는 방안을 모색하였다. 그리고 유사 의사소통 활동과 실제 의사소통 활동을 제시하여 수업시간에 학습자가 질문과 대답을 실제로 해 볼 수 있는 학습방법을 모색하였다. 제4장에서는 텍스트를 구성하고 그에 맞는 수업지도안을 작성하여 제3장에서 논의한 교수학습 방안을 실제 수업에서 어떻게 적용할 수 있는지 제시하고자 하였다.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
A. 연구목적 = 1
B. 선행연구 = 3
C. 연구범위 및 방법 = 5
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 7
A. 중국어 의문문의 유형 분류 기준 = 7
B. 중국어 의문문의 유형별 특징 = 9
Ⅲ. 중국어 의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 44
A. 중국어 의문문의 교수학습 범위 선정 = 44
B. 중국어 의문문의 교수학습 절차 = 46
C. 중국어 의문문의 유형별 교수학습 방안 = 49
1. 시비의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 49
가. 형식 제시 및 연습 = 49
나. 유사 의사소통 활동 = 56
다. 실제 의사소통 활동 = 57
2. 특지의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 64
가. 형식 제시 및 연습 = 64
나. 유사 의사소통 활동 = 69
다. 실제 의사소통 활동 = 72
3. 정반의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 87
가. 형식 제시 및 연습 = 87
나. 유사 의사소통 활동 = 91
다. 실제 의사소통 활동 = 92
4. 선택의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 93
가. 형식 제시 및 연습 = 93
나. 유사 의사소통 활동 = 95
다. 실제 의사소통 활동 = 95
5. 생략의문문의 교수학습 방안 = 97
가. 형식 제시 및 연습 = 97
나. 유사 의사소통 활동 = 98
다. 실제 의사소통 활동 = 99
Ⅳ. 중국어 의문문 교수 학습을 위한 텍스트 및 수업지도안 제시 = 101
A. 텍스트 구현 = 101
B. 수업 지도안 제시 = 111
Ⅴ. 결론 = 122
참고문헌 = 123
中文摘要 = 12
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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