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Astronomische Nachrichten, nos 3225-3232
No full textRadau Rodolphe. Astronomische Nachrichten, nos 3225-3232. In: Bulletin astronomique, tome 11, 1894. pp. 370-376
Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist (RO27-3225) ameliorates soleus but not gastrocnemius atrophy in arthritic rats
No full textAdjuvant-induced arthritis in rats decreases body weight and muscle mass. Melanocyte stimulating hormone administration to arthritic rats decreases inflammation and skeletal muscle wasting. In this study, we investigate whether activation of melanocortin-4 receptor by RO27-3225 administration is able to prevent the effect of arthritis on the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and MyoD in two different muscles, gastrocnemius (a mainly fast type muscle) and soleus (slow type). Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of Freund's adjuvant. Control and arthritic rats were injected with RO27-3225 (180 μg/kg i.p. twice a day) or saline, for 8 days. Body weight change, food intake and arthritis index were assessed daily. After sacrifice, serum insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) and corticosterone, as well as nuclear factor-κB(p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), atrogene and MyoD in gastrocnemius and soleus were analysed. Administration of RO27-3225 to arthritic rats decreased arthritis scores, hind paw volume as well as nuclear factor-κB(p65) phosphorylation in gastrocnemius and soleus. However, RO27-3225 was not able to modify the effects of arthritis on serum IGF-1 and corticosterone. RO27-3225 ameliorates arthritis-induced decrease in food intake, body weight gain, epidydimal white adipose tissue and soleus weight, but not in gastrocnemius weight. Arthritis increased COX-2, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression in gastrocnemius and soleus, whereas RO27-3225 prevented this increase in soleus but not in gastrocnemius. Arthritis also increased MyoD expression in gastrocnemius and soleus (P < 0.01). RO27-3225 decreased MyoD expression in gastrocnemius but not in soleus of arthritic rats. In control rats RO27-3225 did not modify MyoD expression in gastrocnemius or soleus. In conclusion, our data suggest that in arthritic rats, RO27-3225 treatment decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy, preventing atrogene upregulation in slow type muscle but not in gastrocnemius. The lack of effect in the gastrocnemius can be related to the inability of RO27-3225 to prevent arthritis-induced corticosterone upregulation as well as IGF-1 downregulation.Depto. de FisiologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Block Card 3225 Glanzman Road
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: Gabled Ell | 3225 Glanzman Road (Toledo, Ohio) | Dwelling | South Toledo Area (Toledo, Ohio
Block Card 3225 Parkwood Avenue
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: American four and a half square | Dwelling | 3225 Parkwood Avenue (Toledo, Ohio) | Old West End Area (Toledo, Ohio) | Corydon Heights Addition (Toledo, Ohio
Block Card 3225 Dolores Avenue
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: Cape Cod Style | 3225 Dolores Avenue (Toledo, Ohio) | dwelling - Ohio - Toledo | Dorthy Place Extension (Toledo, Ohio) | Scott Park Area (Toledo, Ohio
Block Card 3225 Downing Avenue
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: 3225 Downing Avenue (Toledo, Ohio) | dwelling | Corbetts Addition (Toledo, Ohio) | Scott Park Area (Toledo, Ohio) | Dutch Colonial Style | Side gable
Block Card 3225 Darlington Road
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: Split-Level Style | 3225 Darlington Road (Toledo, Ohio) | Dwelling | Old Orchard Addition (Toledo, Ohio) | Old Orchard Area (Toledo, Ohio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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