2,068 research outputs found
The MAPS-based ITS Upgrade for ALICE
No full textThe Inner Tracking System (ITS) Upgrade for the ALICE experiment at LHC is the first large-area (10~m) silicon vertex detector based on the CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology, which combines sensitive volume and front-end readout logic in the same piece of silicon. This technology allows a reduced material budget (target value of 0.3\% on the innermost layers) thanks to the thin sensors (50-100~m) and limited need of cooling, in combination with light-material interconnection circuits and support structures. The small pixel pitch (30~m), the location of the layers (7 cylindrical layers with radii ranging from 2.3~cm to 39.3~cm from the beam interaction line), and the limited material budget will provide the ALICE experiment with extremely precise tracking resolution. The high-rate readout capabilities will also enable ALICE to collect a large data sample at the 50~kHz Pb--Pb collision rate expected in the LHC Run~3. The new ITS, now assembled at the surface, is currently undergoing an exhaustive pre-commissioning phase with standalone calibration and cosmic ray data-taking, which will be completed by April 2020 before the installation in the ALICE detector. Experience gained from the construction and the pre-commissioning phase, and plans for the installation and preparation for the data-taking in ALICE will be presented in this paper. The role played by the new ITS within the development path of the MAPS technology for future applications will also be briefly discussed.The Inner Tracking System (ITS) Upgrade for the ALICE experiment at LHC is the first large-area (10 m) silicon vertex detector based on the CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology, which combines sensitive volume and front-end readout logic in the same piece of silicon. This technology allows a reduced material budget (target value of 0.3\% on the innermost layers) thanks to the thin sensors (50-100 m) and limited need of cooling, in combination with light-material interconnection circuits and support structures. The small pixel pitch (30 m), the location of the layers (7 cylindrical layers with radii ranging from 2.3 cm to 39.3 cm from the beam interaction line), and the limited material budget will provide the ALICE experiment with extremely precise tracking resolution. The high-rate readout capabilities will also enable ALICE to collect a large data sample at the 50 kHz Pb--Pb collision rate expected in the LHC Run 3.The new ITS, now assembled at the surface, is currently undergoing an exhaustive pre-commissioning phase with standalone calibration and cosmic ray data-taking, which will be completed by April 2020 before the installation in the ALICE detector. Experience gained from the construction and the pre-commissioning phase, and plans for the installation and preparation for the data-taking in ALICE will be presented in this paper.The role played by the new ITS within the development path of the MAPS technology for future applications will also be briefly discussed
MAPS-based Vertex Detectors: Operational Experience in STAR and Future Applications
No full textThe STAR PiXeL detector (HFT PXL) at RHIC is the first application of the thin Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) technology in a collider environment. It is based on 50~μm-thin MAPS sensors with a pitch of 20.7~μm. The sensor is read-out in rolling shutter mode in 185.6~μs. The 170 mW/cm2 power dissipation allows for air cooling and contributes to reducing the global material budget to 0.4\% radiation length on the innermost layer. This system took data in Au+Au collisions, p+p and p+Au collisions at sNN−−−−√~=~200~GeV at RHIC, during the period 2014-2016. Operational experience and lessons learned from the construction and the 3 years of data-taking will be presented in this paper. Detector performance and results from 2014 Au+Au data analysis, demonstrating the STAR capabilities of charm reconstruction, will be shown. Following this successful experience, the next-generation MAPS sensor, featuring an integration time shorter than 20~μs, will be used to upgrade the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) at LHC and has been proposed for the vertex detector (MVTX) for sPHENIX, the future nuclear physics experiment for the study of the QGP planned for RHIC. A short outlook on these future applications will conclude the paper
Sulla Diagnostica dei Sistemi Isolanti con le Scariche Parziali Parte I: L’Identificazione dei Difetti
No full textIn questo articolo viene presentato un nuovo approccio alla diagnostica degli isolamenti mediante l’analisi delle scariche parziali. Le diverse fasi della procedura sono presentate in modo coerente per giungere alla corretta identificazione del componente difettoso e dell’affidabilità del sistema isolant
Sulla Diagnostica dei Sistemi Isolanti con le Scariche Parziali Parte II: Il Rumore, La Separazione, La Strumentazione e le Modalità di Prova
No full textIn questo articolo viene presentato un nuovo approccio alla diagnostica degli isolamenti mediante l’analisi delle scariche parziali. Le diverse fasi della procedura sono presentate in modo coerente per giungere alla corretta identificazione del componente difettoso e dell’affidabilità del sistema isolant
The Narrative Structure of the Agro-Urban Metropolitan Territory. The Metropolis as Hypertext for the History of the Twenty-first Century: A Network of Middle Cities as an Operational Topography
No full textHypertext is a set of documents placed in relation to each other using
keywords. In the context of the metropolitan discourse, it can be considered as a
network of emerging urban epicentres. The reading of a metropolitan territory can
take place in a nonlinear way. The citizens’ self-consciousness and the ability to
move around freely are the backgrounds for the metaphoric transposition of the
hypertext concept in the metropolitan dimension. Reversely, to understand the
metropolitan issues using the hypertext concept, the individual choices among a
wide range of elements placed in relation to each other become significant. The
relations of various types of space and nature are managed by a subjective mapping
that is constantly updated. In the contemporary urban narrative, especially from the
governance perspective, there is a lack of storytelling, to establish a new physical
metropolitan paradigm and discourse. To introduce the metropolitan hybrid
agro-urban territory to the new metropolitan population requires a process of
building a narrative of the territorial identity and citizenship, through a powerful
metaphor. The goal of a metropolitan project is to define a space with collective and
public dimensions through the new hybrid urban forms that are public, common,
entertaining or productive. In order to build this gradient of metropolitan space and
define its functional and symbolic values and forms, it is necessary to develop new
syntax and grammar for the design
The Motherland of Arlecchino
No full textIn this article the Italian performer Claudia Contin Arlecchino reflects on her personal and artistic experience with the masque of Arlecchino (Harlequin) acquired in 35 years of practice, teaching and research. Working on different “archetypes” of Commedia dell’Arte (Zanni, Pantalone, Balanzone, Arlecchino, Brighella, Lovers, Captains, Servants, Courtesans, Pulcinella), and interrogating fundamental aspects of her own techniques and training, the author offers an insight into several components of the performer’s craft, such as the body, gymnastics, acrobatics, dance, impulses, rhythm, and exercises. What is at stake is the reconstruction of an extra-daily behaviour, which allows to give new life to an acting technique based on tradition
Il monitoraggio terapeutico dei farmaci in neurologia
No full textTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in neurology. TDM relies on the quantitative determination of drugs in biological fluids. Since its introduction in the early sixties, TDM has gone through major steps of development, from a drug assay-oriented to a patient-oriented approach. The acronym TDM is retained, but it is intended as “management” instead of “monitoring” to emphasize the actual role of laboratory measurement in therapy handling.
In the field of neurology, TDM is a long recognized tool in the clinical management of epilepsies. Moving from our experience in antiepileptic TDM, in this paper we critically revise the pharmacologic and methodologic requirements for a correct application, interpretation and use of TDM in optimizing individual patient drug treatment. The “reference range” concept and its limitations are thoroughly discussed. Experimental evidence is also provided outlining the role of TDM in the post-marketing, real-world characterization of clinical and toxicological profiles of new drugs
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