1,748,787 research outputs found
Northern Pacific (NP) 2164
No full textA photograph print showing the Northern Pacific (NP) 2164, 4-6-2
MMpred: functional miRNA – mRNA interaction analyses by miRNA expression prediction
Get PDFBackground: MicroRNA (miRNA) directed gene repression is an important mechanism of posttranscriptional
regulation. Comprehensive analyses of how microRNA influence biological processes requires paired
miRNA-mRNA expression datasets. However, a review of both GEO and ArrayExpress repositories revealed few
such datasets, which was in stark contrast to the large number of messenger RNA (mRNA) only datasets. It is of
interest that numerous primary miRNAs (precursors of microRNA) are known to be co-expressed with coding
genes (host genes).
Results: We developed a miRNA-mRNA interaction analyses pipeline. The proposed solution is based on two
miRNA expression prediction methods – a scaling function and a linear model. Additionally, miRNA-mRNA anticorrelation
analyses are used to determine the most probable miRNA gene targets (i.e. the differentially
expressed genes under the influence of up- or down-regulated microRNA). Both the consistency and accuracy
of the prediction method is ensured by the application of stringent statistical methods. Finally, the predicted
targets are subjected to functional enrichment analyses including GO, KEGG and DO, to better understand the
predicted interactions.
Conclusions: The MMpred pipeline requires only mRNA expression data as input and is independent of third
party miRNA target prediction methods. The method passed extensive numerical validation based on the
binding energy between the mature miRNA and 3’ UTR region of the target gene. We report that MMpred is
capable of generating results similar to that obtained using paired datasets. For the reported test cases we
generated consistent output and predicted biological relationships that will help formulate further testable
hypotheses
2164. Ousâma-ibn-Mounkidh
No full text2164. Ousâma-ibn-Mounkidh. In: Molinier Auguste. Les Sources de l'histoire de France - Des origines aux guerres d'Italie (1494). II. Époque féodale, les Capétiens jusqu'en 1180. Paris : A. Picard et fils, 1902. p. 298
2164. Ousâma-ibn-Mounkidh
No full text2164. Ousâma-ibn-Mounkidh. In: Molinier Auguste. Les Sources de l'histoire de France - Des origines aux guerres d'Italie (1494). II. Époque féodale, les Capétiens jusqu'en 1180. Paris : A. Picard et fils, 1902. p. 298
A quantitative account of genomic island acquisitions in prokaryotes
Get PDFAbstract Background Microbial genomes do not merely evolve through the slow accumulation of mutations, but also, and often more dramatically, by taking up new DNA in a process called horizontal gene transfer. These innovation leaps in the acquisition of new traits can take place via the introgression of single genes, but also through the acquisition of large gene clusters, which are termed Genomic Islands. Since only a small proportion of all the DNA diversity has been sequenced, it can be hard to find the appropriate donors for acquired genes via sequence alignments from databases. In contrast, relative oligonucleotide frequencies represent a remarkably stable genomic signature in prokaryotes, which facilitates compositional comparisons as an alignment-free alternative for phylogenetic relatedness. In this project, we test whether Genomic Islands identified in individual bacterial genomes have a similar genomic signature, in terms of relative dinucleotide frequencies, and can therefore be expected to originate from a common donor species. Results When multiple Genomic Islands are present within a single genome, we find that up to 28% of these are compositionally very similar to each other, indicative of frequent recurring acquisitions from the same donor to the same acceptor. Conclusions This represents the first quantitative assessment of common directional transfer events in prokaryotic evolutionary history. We suggest that many of the resident Genomic Islands per prokaryotic genome originated from the same source, which may have implications with respect to their regulatory interactions, and for the elucidation of the common origins of these acquired gene clusters.</p
Comparative genome analysis identifies few traits unique to the Escherichia coli ST131 H30Rx clade and extensive mosaicism at the capsule locus
Get PDFBackground: E.coli ST131 is a globally disseminated clone of multi-drug resistant E. coli responsible for that vast majority of global extra-intestinal E. coli infections. Recent global genomic epidemiological studies have highlighted the highly clonal nature of this group of bacteria, however there appears to be inconsistency in some phenotypes associated with the clone, in particular capsule types as determined by K-antigen testing both biochemically and by PCR. Results: We performed improved quality assemblies on ten ST131 genomes previously sequenced by our group and compared them to a new reference genome sequence JJ1886 to identify the capsule loci across the drug-resistant clone H30Rx. Our data shows considerable genetic diversity within the capsule locus of H30Rx clone strains which is mirrored by classical K antigen testing. The varying capsule locus types appear to be randomly distributed across the H30Rx phylogeny suggesting multiple recombination events at this locus, but that this capsule heterogeneity has little to no effect on virulence associated phenotypes in vitro. Conclusions: Our data provides a framework for determining the capsular genetics of E. coli ST131 and further beyond to ExPEC strains, and highlights how capsular mosaicism may be an important strategy in becoming a successful globally disseminated human pathogen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Congressional Record S. 2164 - The Medical Malpractice Crisis
Get PDFCongressional Record S. 2164 - The Medical Malpractice Crisi
Commento agli artt. da 2164 a 2187 cod. civ
No full textCommento ragionato, con richiami di dottrina e giurisprudenza, degli articoli da 2164 a 2187 del codice civile recanti la disciplina di due contratti agrari di natura associativa, quali il contratto di colonia parziaria (artt. 2164-2169) ed i contratti di soccida (artt. 2170-2187)
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