1,750,850 research outputs found
The political culture of elections in Northampton, 1768-1868
No full textThis thesis uncovers political culture in Northampton borough from 1768-1868 through the study of parliamentary elections. The thesis provides a comprehensive method of studying political culture at a local level. Northampton is an example of an 'open' pre-reform borough in which a large proportion of men were able to vote in parliamentary elections; pollbooks, political ephemera, newspapers and correspondence have been used to provide both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the borough's elections. By analysing gender and space history alongside more traditional approaches to political history such as examining party politics, politicians and pollbook analysis, this thesis shows the importance of linking various methodologies to provide a complete picture of political culture. This study argues that the home was used as a political space during pre-reform elections due to election customs and the exchange of property. It shows the involvement of non-elite women in pre-reform elections through their role as homeowners and witnessses. By testing 'new political history' this study argues that the constituency was not solely constructed by politicians, and nor did it mirror national agenda: local political rhetoric was actually of a pragmatic nature, and shifted to suit the electorate and encompass common social terminology. This thesis argues that practical changes made by reforms of parliament facilitated ideological shifts and had unintended consequences. Finally, this thesis suggests that political culture must focus on the practicalities of politics at the local level
Journal of H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 [manuscript].
No full textManuscript reference no.: MS 1.; Inscription: "Remarkable occurrences on board His Majesty's Bark Endeavour" -- In ink at top of first pages in journal.; The Endeavour journal was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2001.; Guide to collections of manuscripts relating to Australia ; A594.; Cook's journal is also available on microfilm.; CD-ROM facsimile; Published as Endeavour : Captain Cook's journal, 1768-71 (National Library of Australia and National Maritime Museum, 1999).; Photocopy available for research.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1; Exhibited: "Treasures Gallery", National Library of Australia, 7 October 2011 - 15 December 2012. AuCNL. Holograph journal, written entirely in James Cook's hand, of the voyage of H.M.S. Endeavour during which Cook discovered eastern Australia and circumnavigated New Zealand. Bound with the journal is a copy of a report from John Hutchinson, surgeon of the Dolphin to Capt. Samuel Wallis, 16th May 1768, of observations on the effects of saloop, portable soup, mustard and vinegar, distilled water and beef fat on scurvy. For further details and publications of the journal see J.C. Beaglehole (ed.) "The journals of Captain Cook" I cxciv-cciv.Endeavour journalCook's journa
Cook's voyage 1768-71 [manuscript] : copies of correspondence, etc.
No full textManuscript reference no.: MS 2.; Title from cover of letterbook.; Guide to collections of manuscripts relating to Australia, A624.; Negative photostats available for reference.; Also available on microfilm at the National Library of Australia Newspapers and Microforms Reading Room at mfm G 3921.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms2; Exhibited: "Treasures Gallery", National Library of Australia, 7 October 2011 - 15 December 2012. AuCNL. MS 2 comprises contemporary manuscript copies of James Cook's correspondence with the Admiralty Victualling Office, etc. relating to the first voyage of HMS Endeavour. The collection includes the Secret Instructions and Additional Instructions issued to Cook by the Admirality. The Secret Instructions are bound in a letterbook with the correspondence (1 v., 5 items).Cook's voyage 1768-177
1768 savaşı öncesi Osmanlı diplomasisi (1755-1768)
No full textUğur DEMİR, “1768 Savaşı Öncesi Osmanlı Diplomasisi (1755-1768)”, stanbul 2012. Giriş ve üç bölümden oluşan bu çalışmada 1755-1768 yılları arasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun dış politikası ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Giriş’te 1739’tan 1768’e kadar olan süreçte Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda askerî sahada yapılan yenilikler değerlendirilmiştir. Burada varılan en önemli sonuç 1739-1768 yılları arasındaki uzun barış döneminin Osmanlı askerî yapısını olumsuz yönde etkilediğidir. Birinci bölümde, 1755 yılında Avrupa’daki “Diplomatik Devrim”in Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nu nasıl etkilediği, Osmanlı bürokratlarının bu devrimi nasıl algıladıkları ve bundan nasıl istifade etmeye çalıştıkları üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, 1756-1763 yılları arasında Avrupa’da yaşanan ittifak sistemlerindeki kırılmalar ve ardından başlayan Yedi Yıl Savaşları’nın Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bu bölümde hem yerli hem de yabancı tarihçilerin iddialarının aksine Osmanlı devlet adamlarının Avrupa’daki gelişmeleri yakından takip ettikleri ve buna göre bir dış politika tayin etmeye çalıştıkları örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmalarımız sonucunda Osmanlı devlet adamlarının politika tayininde tek bir görüşe sahip olmadıkları, aralarında ciddi fikir ayrılıkların olduğu görülmüştür. Buna rağmen 1755-1763 yılları arasında Osmanlı dış politikasına hâkim olan kişinin Sadrazam Ragıb Paşa olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise 1763-1768 yılları arasındaki gelişmeler, daha çok Lehistan’daki kral seçimi tartışmaları ve sonrasında yaşanan olaylar ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. III. August’ün ölümünden sonra Lehistan’daki iç karışıklıklar, seçimlere Rusya’nın müdahalesi, Poniatowski’yi silah zoruyla kral seçtirmesi ve Rus müdahalesine Bâbıâli’nin verdiği tepkiler üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra ise 1766’dan sonra Lehistan’daki reform çabaları, ülkenin tekrar Rus ordusu tarafından işgali ele alınmıştır. 1768 Temmuz’unda Balta Baskını ve ardından 1768 Savaşı’nın ilan edilme süreci ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Anahtar kavramlar: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, diplomasi, 1768 Savaşı, Bâbıâli, LehistanUgur Demir, “Ottoman diplomacy before 1768 War (1755-1768)” Ph. D. Thesis, Istanbul 2012. In this study formed by introduction and three chapters, foreign policy of Ottoman Empire between 1755-1768 was tried to be introduced. In introduction, improvements in terms of military in Ottoman Empire from 1739 to 1768 were evaluated. The most important consequence reached in introduction was that the long peacetime between 1739-1768 affected Ottoman military system negatively. In the first chapter, how “Diplomatic Revaluation” in Europe in 1755 affected Ottoman Empire, how Ottoman bureaucrats perceived this revaluation and how they tried to benefit from this were emphasized. In the second chapter, breaks in the alliance systems experienced in Europe between 1756-1763 and the effects of Seven Years Wars started after that on Ottoman Empire were discussed. In this chapter, contrary to native and foreign historians’ claims it was revealed that Ottoman statesmen had followed the improvements in Europe and they had determined a foreign policy according to this by examples. In consequence of our studies it was observed that they hadn’t had only one view in determination of policy, that there were serious conflicts. However between 1755-1763 it was confirmed that the one directed in Foreign Policy of Ottoman was Ragib Pasha, Grand Vizier. In the third chapter the developments between1763-1768 were evaluated in the light of discussions on the election of king in Poland and events occurred after this. Internal disorders after III. August’s death, intervention of Russians to the elections, Poniatowski’s being chosen as a king at gunpoint and the reactions of the Porte to the intervention of Russians were emphasized. Then struggles for reforms in Poland after 1766, occupation of the country again by Russians was dealt. On July of 1768 the process of attack on Balta and then declaration of 1768 war was examined in detail. Ottoman Empire, diplomacy, 1768 War, Sublime Porte, Polan
Engraved portrait of James Nayler (1618–1660)
No full textEngraved portrait of James Nayler (1618-1660) by Robert Grave (1768-1825). Inscribed, 'Born at Ardesloe, near Wakefield, in Yorkshire. Was an Independent and served Quarter Master in ye Parliament Army, about the Year 1641. turn'd Quaker in 1651. Punish'd as a Blasphemer 1656. Author of many Books & Dyed at Holm in Huntingtonshire 1660. Aged 44.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rana pentadactyla Laurenti 1768
No full textRana pentadactyla Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768. Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 32. Current name: Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti, 1768) Neotype: RMNH 29559, 1 ɗ. Loc.: Suralcokamp V, Lelygebergte, distr. Marowijne, Suriname. Leg.: M.S. Hoogmoed. Remarks. Heyer (2005: 310) designated the neotype. The type locality of Rana pentadactyla Laurenti, 1768 is “Indiis”, restricted to “ Suriname ” by Müller (1927: 276).Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17689
Mustafa Kesbî’nin 1768-1774 Harbi Vekāyiʻi (değerlendirme-çeviri metin)
No full textBu çalışmaya esas teşkil eden eser, 1768-1774 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’nin 1182-1184 (1768-1771) tarihlerini kapsayan muhtasar bir tarihdir. Bundan önceki çalışmalarda Zekeriyazâde Mehmed Said’e atfedilen eser üzerinde yaptığımız çalışma neticesinde devrin diğer bir önemli müellifi olan Mustafa Kesbî’ye ait olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Eserin müellifi hakkındaki bilgi kaynağımız mezkur telifi ve İbretnümâ-yı Devlet adlı eseridir. Dönemin padişahı, sadrazamı ve defterdarının isimlerini bize vererek eserine başlayan müellif, yakalanan bir casus vasıtasıyla Rusların planlarının öğrenilmesine, savaş sebeplerine ve yapılan hazırlıklara muhtasar bir şekilde değinerek savaş ve ordu hakkında bilgi vermeye devam eder.Müellif, savaş hakkındaki bu ikinci telifinde olayları genel olarak kronolojik bir sıraya göre eserine almıştır. Ancak birbiriyle alakalı olaylar sıra gözetilmeksizin birlikte verilmiştir. Eserde yapılan hazırlıklar, ordunun sefere çıkması, yol üzerindeki hadiseler, ordunun durumu ve daha çok Hotin Kalesi ve civarında gerçekleşen hadiseler üzerinde durulmuştur. Müellif Bâb-ı Defterî’de görevli olması hasebiyle seferin hazırlığı aşamasında malzemelerin nerelerden tedarik edildiği, bununla ilgili emirlerin nereden çıktığı gibi mali muamelata dair de ayrıntılı bilgi vermektedir. 1768-1774 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’ne bizzat katıldığı için sefere dair anlattığı pek çok hadiseye ya şahit olmuş ya da şahit olanların kendisinden dinlemiştir.Mustafa Kesbî’nin 1768-1774 Harbi Vekāyiʻi, 1768 seferi için yapılan hazırlıklar ve seferin kendisine dair yapılan araştırmalarda dikkate alınması gereken önemli bir çağdaş kaynaktır.The main subject of this work, is a brief history that deals with the 1182-1184 (1768-1771) periods of 1768-1774 Russo-Ottoman War. It is realized that this work, which was referred as the work of Zekeriyazade in the past studies, was actually belonged to another important contemporary author, Mustafa Kesbi. Our source about the author is his aforesaid compilation and his work named İbretnüma-yı Devlet. Author, who starts by giving the names of the sultan, grand vizier and the high treasurer of that period, briefly tells about the revelation of Russian plans with the information that got by a caught spy, the reasons of war and the war preparations. After that he continues to give information about the war and the army.Author in his second compilation about the about the war, generally arranged the events in a chronological order. However events which are related with each other were given without a chronological order. This work mainly deals with the preparations, march of the army, events that occurred on the way and mostly the events occurred at the Castle of Hotin and its vicinity. As a treasury clerk, author gives detailed information about the financial process such as places which supply the necessaries during the preparation and sources of the orders about these processes. As a participant of the 1768-1774 Russo-Ottoman War, author either witnessed or listened from the witnesses many events about the war that he wrote in his work.Mustafa Kebi’s Harbi Vekayi is an important contemporary source for studies of 1768 war preparations and the war itself
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