1,727,141 research outputs found
Evaluation of polysucrose 15000 as a marker of intestinal permeability
No full textPolysucrose (PS) is a synthetic copolymer of sucrose and epichlorohydrin, which can be produced in a variety of molecular sizes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functionality of PS 15000, mean mol wt 14700, as a marker for intestinal permeability to macro molecules. In human tests, PS 15000, sometimes together with 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 14C-mannitol, was given orally and the renally excreted portion of the markers was quantified. An enzyme immunoassay for PS 15000 was developed for the measuring of PS excretion in urine. PS was shown to be fairly resistant to bacterial degradation. Intravenous injection of PS 15000 revealed rapid renal clearance. Oral PS 15000 challenge in healthy volunteers gave the highest excretion values in the 0-4 h sample followed by a gradual decline, the total excretion being about 0.02% over 12 hours.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment had a twofold increased PS 15000 excretion; initially untreated RA patients with normal PS 15000 test rose in excretion values after one week of NSAID treatment, indicating increased intestinal permeability as a consequence of the treatment rather than being an RA attribute. Patients with Crohn's disease had a significantly increased PS 15000 excretion for the intervals 4-8 h and 8-12 h; permeability was more increased in small-intestinal than in colonic disease, and more increased in active than in quiescent disease. In healthy controls 7 tested on four occasions, PS 15000 was compared to the paracellular marker 5ICr-EDTA and to the transcellular marker 14C-mannitol under different test conditions. PS 15000 excretion values were strongly correlated to those of 5ICr-EDTA, with no correlation to those of 14C-mannitol. PS 15000 and 51Cr-EDTA were not affected by a hyperosmolar test solution but showed increased excretion after one week of NSAID pretreatment, whereas 14C-mannitol excretion was markedly reduced by the hyperosmolar test solution but was not affected by NSAID pretreatment.In a continued study on the healthy controls a standardised liquid meal increased the number of time intervals with a significant NSAID-induced change in excretion for both PS 15000 and 51Cr-EDTA, i.e. tended to improve the disease vs. health discrimination ability of the tests. Calculation of paracellular/transcellular excretion ratios was not beneficial. Finally, tight junction function or endocytosis were modulated in rat ileal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers and the effect on the permeability to PS 15000 and 51Cr-EDTA was evaluated. Modulation affected both markers in a similar way, indicating that PS 15000, despite its size, behaves as a marker of paracellular intestinal permeability. PS 15000 seems to fulfil many criteria for an ideal marker of paracellular intestinal permeability.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
15000 at Orlando Jazz Feast
No full textPhotocopied article from the South African newspaper Star about a Jazz Festival at Orlando Stadium. This was the second jazz festival held in South Africa where over 15000 people attended. Two prizes were awarded during the festival. The first prize went to Chris McGregor's Blue Note
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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