1,827,331 research outputs found
Artists' earnings and copyright: a review of British and German music industry data in the context of digital technologies
Get PDFDigital technologies are often said (1) to enable a qualitatively new engagement with already
existing cultural materials (for example through sampling and adaptation), and (2) to offer a
new disintermediated distribution channel to the creator. From a review of secondary data on
music artists’ earnings and seven in-depth interviews, it appears that both ambitions have
remained, until now, largely unfulfilled. The paper discusses to what extent the structure of
copyright law is to blame, and sets out a research agenda
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The transformation of Salernitan medicine 1050-1200
No full textThis thesis explores the transformation of Greco-Arabic medical teachings of Salerno 1050-1200 in a broader political context. It argues that the skills of key individuals and their pedagogic innovations not only created learned medicine but also contributed to new habits of mind in northern Europe in the twelfth century. The eleventh and twelfth centuries are at the very dawn of a Western understanding of logical truth from personal observation in medicine as distinct from received wisdom. The incorporation of natural philosophy and Aristotelian analytics from Alexandrian medicine into Salernitan medicine was an important step by which the West learned to interpret the experienced world. The world, as perceived by human senses and interpreted by human reason had, itself, to be validated as a source of reliable information in contrast to Augustine's Neoplatonist view. Augustine taught that the real world existed only as more or less imperfect copy of the ideal Form in the mind of God and that truth can only be known through contact with God. In the mid eleventh century, Salernitan doctors were widely respected as skilled empiricists, but lacking in theory. Their knowledge, from the relatively scanty medical texts surviving from antiquity, was collated and edited before 1059 into the Passionarius by Gariopontus, an experienced Salernitan doctor. His succinct clinical attenuated theory of humoural medicine. In about 1062, in Constantinople, Alfanus, Archbishop of Salerno and a learned physician, translated a fourth-century treatise on the Nature of Man which contained a much more complete exposition of Galenic medicine than had been seen in the West. After he returned, Alfanus and his group collated a primer of brief treatises from the old masters, but it lacked a good introduction to Galenic medical theory.
Many key texts of Galenic medicine, as it had evolved in the curriculum of the medical school at Alexandria, had been translated into Arabic under the ninth-century Abassid Caliph, al-Mamun. Constantine the African, a Saracen physician recruited as an expert translator provided a concise Introduction (lsagoge) for Alfanus' collection from an Arabic authority. Constantine also made a number of other translations from Arabic, including the encyclopaedic Pantegni. Over the twelfth century, Salernitan teachers, particularly the unknown author of the Second Salernitan Demonstration, Bartholomaeus and Ursa, expounded and embellished the new Greco-Arabie theory. The new translations, their theories and their commentaries soon attracted intense interest in northern Europe where they provoked a vigorous reaction from conservative churchmen. Salernitan medicine was itself taken to Paris by Giles of Corbeil in about 1194, when he returned to become physician to King Philip Augustus. Giles became an important early teacher of Medicine at the evolving University of Paris at the very beginning of the thirteenth century. This thesis argues that Salernitan medicine thus provided the learned canon by which the craft of medicus became the profession of physicus. Salernitan texts and teachers helped set the scene in Paris for the rejection and then acceptance of Aristotle's teaching on logic and natural history
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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