10 research outputs found
Gen Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Terhadap Bakteri Hawar Daun (Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae)
Get PDFUsaha tani padi dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala yang disebabkanoleh faktor biotik dan abiotik. Salah satunya adalah penyakit hawardaun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo). Penyakit ini menyerang tanaman padi sejak fase bibitsampai tanaman dewasa. Eksplorasi bakteri Xoo sudah sampai padatahap sekuensing total dari bakteri tersebut, dan dari sekuensingini telah dikembangkan primer-primer spesifik yang dapat menunjukkanXoo secara tepat. Deteksi bakteri secara cepat sangatmembantu dalam pemurnian awal bakteri Xoo yang diperoleh darilapangan. Pengetahuan tentang mekanisme virulensi bakteri Xoosangat membantu dalam membuat mekanisme pertahanan tanamansehingga rekayasa genetik (tanaman transgenik) di bidang ini sangatterbuka lebar. Gen-gen ketahanan pada padi telah diidentifikasi dantercatat ada 32 gen yang dikenal dengan gen Xa, dan sampai saatini sudah diidentifikasi sampai gen Xa34(t). Eksplorasi gen-gen barumasih terus berlangsung yang membuka peluang untuk memperolehgen ketahanan baru. Di Indonesia, telah dirakit dua varietas paditahan HDB yaitu Angke dan Conde yang masing-masing membawagen xa5 dan Xa7. Sejak tahun 1996 telah teridentifikasi 11 strainbakteri Xoo di sentra-sentra produksi padi di Indonesia, dandisimpulkan bahwa gen-gen ketahanan Xa yang efektif terhadapstrain tersebut adalah xa5, Xa7, dan Xa21. Piramiding ketiga genXa tersebut sangat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan varietas padiyang memiliki ketahanan yang lama (durable resistance) terhadapHDB
Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P uptake 1) pada Padi untuk Peningkatan Toleransi terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor
No full text<p>Phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient for<br />plants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. P<br />deficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers and<br />grain production. There are numerous publications on<br />exploration of genes that are associated with P. Many<br />researches on P that are directed to breeding program and<br />involving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1<br />research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake has<br />been well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31<br />to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073<br />and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB<br />(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is very<br />concerned with this research because of P-deficient<br />problem. This review aims to provide current information of<br />research that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This review<br />outlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequence<br />and expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1<br />specific primers. The latest information is expected to be<br />useful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for those<br />who are interested to P deficiency research. Study of genes<br />within Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that some<br />genes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This may<br />indicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the P<br />uptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,<br />fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role in<br />the increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.<br />Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of roots<br />and thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic and<br />abiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in the<br />Pup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can be<br />used for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesian<br />rice germplasm.</p></jats:p
Eksplorasi Lokus Pup1 Berbasis Marka Molekuler pada 55 Genotipe Padi
No full text<p>Fosfor (P) adalah unsur penting pada padi yang ketersediaan di bumi semakin berkurang. Genotipe yang mudah menangkap P dan efisien dalam menggunakan P sangat membantu mengatasi defisiensi P. Kasalath sebagai genotipe dari luar Indonesia saat ini terbukti memiliki lokus <em>Pup1</em> yang memiliki kemampuan menangkap dan menggunakan P secara efisien. Eksplorasi lokus <em>Pup1</em> pada plasma nutfah padi Indonesia diharapkan bisa memperoleh genotipe baru yang memiliki lokus <em>Pup1</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi 55 genotipe padi, baik padi sawah maupun padi gogo dengan menggunakan marka-marka spesifik gen-gen yang berada di dalam lokus <em>Pup1</em>. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian pada bulan Januari sd Desember 2015. Genotipe padi yang digunakan berjumlah 55 genotipe, terdiri dari 3 genotipe cek (Kasalath, NIL-C443, dan Nipponbare), 52 genotipe padi Indonesia terdiri dari 37 padi gogo dan 15 padi sawah. Marka yang digunakan adalah empat marka yang spesifik berada di dalam lokus <em>Pup1</em>, yakni K05, K20−2 + <em>Bsp12861</em>, K29−1, dan K46−2. Lima genotipe (Kasalath, NIL-C443, Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36) yang memiliki alel Kasalath pada keempat marka disekuen pada pita yang dihasilkan oleh marka K20−2 + <em>Bsp12861</em> dan K46−2, yang menghasilkan protein dirigen dan protein serin/treonin. Analisis kesamaan sekuen dilakukan menggunakan beberapa perangkat lunak yang ada di dalam program <em>DNA Star Lasergen</em> 11 <em>Core Suite</em>. Sekuen genotipe Kasalath, NIL-C443, Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36 daerah marka K20−2 + <em>Bsp12681</em> dan K46−2 memiliki kesamaan yang bervariasi (54,7−95,2% dan 94,6−97,5%) dibanding dengan sekuen <em>Pup1 </em>rujukan. Genotipe Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36 memiliki potensi sebagai sumber lokus <em>Pup1</em> yang baru menggantikan Kasalath.</p></jats:p
The effect of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method on students’ speaking ability at Grade XI SMA N 5 Padangsidimpuan
Get PDFThis study applies the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method with the information transfer technique to enhance students' speaking ability. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a significant effect of implementing the CLT method on students' speaking ability or not. This research was a quantitative research with a pre-test post-test control group design. The population consisted of all eleventh-grade students at SMA N 5 Padangsidimpuan, with a sample of 70 students divided into an experimental group (class XI-1, n = 35) and a control group (class XI-2, n = 35). Data collection was conducted using speaking tests and audio recordings to assess students' speaking ability before and after the implementation of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method. Data analysis was performed using the paired sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS version 26 software. The result of this research shows that mean score of experimental group was higher than mean score of control group after implementing the CLT method. The mean score before using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Method was 68.80, the students’speaking ability was in enough category. While after using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Method increasing became better than before. It can be seen from the mean score of post-test in experimental class was 77.31, the category was very good. Moreover, After calculating the t-test, the researcher found the result tcount>ttable (10.945>1.995), which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, this study concludes that there is a significant effect of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method on students’ speaking ability at grade XI SMA N 5 Padangsidimpuan
Analisis Molekuler dan Uji Daya Hasil Galur-Galur Pup1
No full text<p>Perbaikan varietas padi untuk daerah yang memiliki masalah dengan ketersediaan P sangat penting dilakukan mengingat harga pupuk P yang semakin mahal, dan ketersediaan P di alam yang semakin sedikit. Lokus <em>Pup1</em> sebagai lokus yang berisi gen-gen yang berperan dalam penangkapan P telah dipetakan dengan baik dan marka-marka untuk seleksi sudah dibuat. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya telah diperoleh galur-galur BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> persilangan Dodokan x Kasalath, Dodokan x NIL-C443, Situ Bagendit x Kasalath, Situ Bagendit x NIL-C443, Batur x Kasalath, dan Batur x NIL-C443. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi galur-galur BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> secara molekuler dan melihat potensi hasil pada dua lokasi yang berbeda. Penelitian berlangsung mulai bulan Nopember 2013 s.d. Juni 2014. Penelitian molekuler dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen), Bogor dan International Rice Research Institue (IRRI), Filipina, sedangkan penelitian lapang dilakukan di KP Taman Bogo, Lampung dan lahan petani di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan analisis molekuler diperoleh hasil seluruh galur-galur BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> mengandung lokus <em>Pup1</em><em>, </em>namun ada tiga galur (BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Situ Bagendit x Kasalath #5, BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Situ Bagendit x NIL-C443 #2, dan BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8 </sub>Batur x NIL-C443 #2) yang mengandung lokus <em>Pup1</em> dalam kondisi heterozigot. Sebagian besar galur-galur <em>Pup1</em> susunan genomnya masih mengikuti genom tetuanya, kecuali BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Situ Bagendit x Kasalath #7, BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Batur x NIL-C443 #4, dan #5. Pada percobaan di lapang menunjukkan galur-galur <em>Pup1</em> pada kondisi P tersedianya kurang mengalami pertumbuhan vegetatif jauh lebih besar dibanding dengan pada kondisi yang P nya cukup tersedia. Namun, pada tahap pengisian biji terjadi variasi hasil, dimana masalah tersebut masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Galur-galur BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8 </sub>Situ Bagendit x Kasalath #2, #3, #6, BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Situ Bagendit x NIL-C443 #1, #2, BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8 </sub>Batur x Kasalath #4, #6, #7, BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Batur x NIL-C443 #3, #4, dan #5 memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan di daerah dengan P tersedia sedikit ataupun banyak.<strong></strong></p></jats:p
Eksplorasi Lokus Pup1 Pada 55 Genotipe Padi Berdasarkan Analisis Marka Molekuler Dan Sekuensing
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for rice growth. The scarcity of rock phosphate, the main source of P fertilizer, has prompted breeders to seek rice genotypes tolerant to P deficiency by exploring Pup1 locus, which plays a role in the P uptake, among the rice genotypes. This study was aimed at exploring Pup1 locus among 55 rice genotypes to identify genotypes possesing Kasalath alleles at four specific markers of genes in the Pup1 locus and high similarity of nucleotide sequence of the markers compared to Pup1 locus reference sequence. Amplification of genomic DNA of three check genotypes, i.e. Kasalath, NIL-C443, and Nipponbare; 36 upland, 15 lowland, and 1 amphibian rice, with K05&#8722;1, K20&#8722;2 + Bsp12861, K29&#8722;1, and K46&#8722;2 markers, showed that the number of upland rice containing Pup1 locus was comparable to lowland rice (49% and 47.3%, respectively). Three genotypes, i.e. Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, and IR36, contained Kasalath alleles on the four markers, indicating that they have Pup1 locus. Kasalath, NIL-C443, Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, and IR36 had varying levels of nucleotide sequence similarity based on K20&#8722;2 + Bsp12681 and K46&#8722;2 marker regions, ranged from 54.7&#8722;95.2% and 94.6&#8722;97.5%, respectively, compared to the Pup1 reference sequence. Based on Kasalath allelic pattterns and high nucleotide sequence similarity to the Pup1 reference sequence (87.3&#8722;92.4% and 94.6&#8722;96%, respectively), Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, and IR35 were identified as new sources of Pup1 locus to replace Kasalath
Evaluation of Several Pup1-Lines of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) on Nutrient Solution and at the Field
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) deficiency is one of major problems in rice cultivation. Development of a tolerant variety to P deficient soil is expected to reduce the needs of P fertilizer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Pup1-introgression rice lines. This research consisted of two separate experiments, an evaluation on rice grown in nutrient solution in the greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor; and field evaluation at upland rice screening site Taman Bogo, Lampung. The rice lines used were BC2 F3 derived from crossing of Situ Bagendit with Kasalath and NIL-C443, and from crossing of Batur with Kasalath and NIL-C443. Molecular analysis was conducted to verifiy the Pup1 introgression in the lines used and successfully confirmed the occurance of homozygote Pup1 segment in those lines. Evaluation of rice lines grown in nutrient solution was performed in a split plot factorial design, using the dose of Al (0 and 45 ppm Al3+) as main plots and dose of P (0.5 and 10 ppm P) as subplots. Field evaluation was performed in split plot design, with P fertilization (0 and 500 kg SP-18 ha-1) as main plots and BC2 F3 lines as the subplots. Evaluation using Yoshida nutrient solution showed that the BC2 F3 lines had greater total dry weight under low-P condition (37.5-112.5%), especially under Al-toxicity, compared to the respective parental varieties (Situ Bagendit and Batur). Field evaluation showed that the Pup1-introgression lines had greater shoot dry weight than the respective parental lines (10.5-74.82%). However there was no significnant effect of Pup1 introgression in terms of weight of filled grain
Evaluation of Several Pup1-Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Nutrient Solution and at the Field
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) deficiency is one of major problems in rice cultivation. Development of a tolerant variety to P deficient soil is expected to reduce the needs of P fertilizer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Pup1-introgression rice lines. This research consisted of two separate experiments, an evaluation on rice grown in nutrient solution in the greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor; and field evaluation at upland rice screening site Taman Bogo, Lampung. The rice lines used were BC2 F3 derived from crossing of Situ Bagendit with Kasalath and NIL-C443, and from crossing of Batur with Kasalath and NIL-C443. Molecular analysis was conducted to verifiy the Pup1 introgression in the lines used and successfully confirmed the occurance of homozygote Pup1 segment in those lines. Evaluation of rice lines grown in nutrient solution was performed in a split plot factorial design, using the dose of Al (0 and 45 ppm Al3+) as main plots and dose of P (0.5 and 10 ppm P) as subplots. Field evaluation was performed in split plot design, with P fertilization (0 and 500 kg SP-18 ha-1) as main plots and BC2 F3 lines as the subplots. Evaluation using Yoshida nutrient solution showed that the BC2 F3 lines had greater total dry weight under low-P condition (37.5-112.5%), especially under Al-toxicity, compared to the respective parental varieties (Situ Bagendit and Batur). Field evaluation showed that the Pup1-introgression lines had greater shoot dry weight than the respective parental lines (10.5-74.82%). However there was no significnant effect of Pup1 introgression in terms of weight of filled grain
Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P uptake 1) pada Padi untuk Peningkatan Toleransi terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient forplants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. Pdeficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers andgrain production. There are numerous publications onexploration of genes that are associated with P. Manyresearches on P that are directed to breeding program andinvolving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake hasbeen well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is veryconcerned with this research because of P-deficientproblem. This review aims to provide current information ofresearch that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This reviewoutlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequenceand expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1specific primers. The latest information is expected to beuseful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for thosewho are interested to P deficiency research. Study of geneswithin Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that somegenes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This mayindicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the Puptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role inthe increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of rootsand thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic andabiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in thePup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can beused for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesianrice germplasm
Genetic Diversity Analysis of 53 Indonesian Rice Genotypes using 6K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
Get PDFIndonesia is rich in rice genetic resources, however, only a small number has been used in variety improvement programs. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of Indonesian rice varieties using 6K SNP markers. The study was conducted at ICABIOGRAD for DNA isolation and IRRI for SNP marker analysis. Genetic materials were 53 rice genotypes consisting of 49 varieties and 4 check genotypes. SNP markers used were 6K loci. Results showed that among the markers analyzed, only 4,606 SNPs (76.77%) were successfully read. The SNP markers covered all twelve rice chromosomes of 945,178.27 bp. The most common allele observed was GG, whereas the least allele was TG. Dendrograms of the 53 rice varieties analyzed with 4,606 SNPs demonstrated several small groups containing genotypic mixtures between indica and japonica rice, and no groups were found to contain firmly indica or japonica type. Structure analysis (K = 2) with value of 0.8 showed that the 53 rice varieties were divided into several groups and each group consisted of 4 japonica, 2 tropical japonica, 46 indica, and 1 aus rice type, respectively. IR64 and Ciherang proved to have an indica genome, while Rojolele has japonica one. Dupa and Hawara Bunar, usually grouped into tropical japonica rice, were classified as indica type, and Hawara Bunar has perfectly 100% indica type. The results of this study indicated that rice classification (indica-japonica) which is usually classified based only on morphological characters, e.g. grain and leaf shapes, is not enough and classification based on SNP markers should be considered for that purpose
