489 research outputs found
Sahara: Guiding the Debugging of Failed Software Upgrades
No full textToday, debugging failed software upgrades is a long and tedious activity, as developers may have to consider large sections of code to locate the bug. We argue that failed upgrade debugging can be simplified by exploiting the characteristics of upgrade problems to prioritize the set of routines to consider. In particular, previous work has shown that differences between the computing environment in the developer’s and users’ sites cause most upgrade problems. Based on this observation, we design and implement Sahara, a system that identifies the aspects of the environment that are most likely the culprits of the misbehavior, finds the subset of routines that relate directly or indirectly to those aspects, and selects an even smaller subset of routines to debug first. To achieve its goals, Sahara leverages feedback from a large number of user sites, machine learning, and static and dynamic source analyses. We evaluate Sahara for three real upgrade problems with the OpenSSH suite, one synthetic problem with the SQLite database, and one synthetic problem with the uServer Web server. Our results show that the system produces accurate recommendations comprising only a small number of routines.Technical report DCS-TR-67
Langue et écriture berbères au Sahara
No full textThe author submits a short summary of the present state of the Berber language and writing in Sahara, as well as its socio-linguistic aspects and the prospects in the field of research.L'auteur présente un résumé sommaire de l'état actuel de la langue et de l'écriture berbères au Sahara, les aspects socio-linguistiques et les prospectives de la recherche.Chaker Salem. Langue et écriture berbères au Sahara. In: Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°32, 1981. pp. 71-75
Angular scattering of the Sahara dust aerosol
No full textSoil erosion aerosols can be transported considerable distances, the Sahara being one of the major sources in the world. In June 2016 the volume scattering function of the atmospheric aerosol was determined in the Sierra Nevada, Spain, at an altitude of 2500 m. Measurements were performed with a polar nephelometer permitting measurements between scattering angles of 5 to 175∘. The values at the missing angles could be estimated to a high accuracy, using the shape of the scattering function adjacent to the missing angles, and thus a complete volume scattering function was available. During the measuring period intrusions of long-range transported Sahara aerosol happened several times. The classification of the aerosol was done by back trajectories and by the Angström exponent of the wavelength-dependent scattering coefficient, which was determined by a three-wavelength Integrating Nephelometer. The phase function of the Sahara aerosol had a stronger forward scattering, and less backscattering compared to the non-Sahara aerosol, which is in agreement with other findings for irregular particles. The asymmetry parameter of the phase function is the best characteristic to distinguish Sahara aerosol from non-Sahara aerosol. In this study the asymmetry parameter for the Sahara aerosol was larger than 0.65, whereas the non-Sahara aerosol had an asymmetry parameter below 0.6. A comparison with measurements performed with long-range transported Gobi desert aerosols observed in Kyoto, Japan, showed very similar results.© Author(s) 201
Political conflict on Western Sahara territory
No full textThe author of the article describes briefly the history of this area, belonging from 1886 to 1976 to Spain. The article presents the way of seizing this territory by Spain and colonial institutions, as well as the way it was treated by the dictator of Spain General Franco and the structure of Spanish administration. The author elaborates on the process of decolonization in this area of Africa and of its influence on political decolonization and national independence movements amongst the inhabitants of Western Sahara. Most important forces and political parties in this area are also described. The author presents also the process of taking these territories over by Morocco and Mauritania in 1976. Finally, he elaborates on the political fight between Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Mauritania and indirectly the Soviet Union and France for the control over the territory of Western Sahara as well as its economic significance with regard to the world's largest reserves of phosphates. The author discusses also the activity of the POLISARIO Front aiming at the independence of Western Sahara and its fight against Morocco
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Translating Travel in the Spanish Sahara: English Versions of Sanmao's Stories of the Sahara
No full textSanmao (1943-91), author of over 19 books, is well known in Chinese-speaking communities for her travel writing. The present work offers a critical introduction to Sanmao’s life and work as well as an English translation of three selections from her most recognized travelogue, among both general readers and critics, Stories of the Sahara (1976). This text recounts her experience of travelling in the Western Sahara with her husband José María Quero y Ruíz from Spain. Chapter 1 introduces Sanmao’s career, her travel narratives, and the extant scholarship on her work to the English-speaking audience. More specifically, it highlights her time living in the Western Sahara among three cultures and languages—Chinese, Spanish, and Sahrawi—and contextualizes Stories of the Sahara, especially drawing attention to moments that require special care when the text is moved from Chinese to English. Next, this chapter focuses on the central role that language and translation play in Sanmao’s travel writing. This analysis is informed by Roman Jakobson’s classification of translation as used to study travel literature by Michael Cronin. I provide a discussion of my choices concerning translating the texture of the Western Sahara and the linguistic aspects of Sanmao’s writing, as well as the characteristics of Sanmao’s legacy that I attempt to emphasize through my translation. Chapter 2 includes my English translation of three texts from Stories of the Sahara. A brief introduction and a short conclusion open and close this thesis.Master of Arts (M.A.
Africa (south of the Sahara)
No full text
This review of the development and current status of psychology in Africa focuses on Africa south of the Sahara, excluding South Africa. The author discusses the research topics which have attracted the attention of psychologists in Africa, including perception (illusions, pictorial representation and perception), developmental psychology, cognitive development, intelligence, social psychology, and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Bibliogr., notes, refASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde
El Sahara y las relaciones hispano-marroquíes
No full textEsta investigación parte de una constatación, El Sahara es un obstáculo en las relaciones hispano-marroquíes. Así es al menos desde 1975. El objetivo por tanto, del artículo es abordar dos cuestiones fundamentales. La primera es que aunque España y Marruecos diverjan en la visión del problema, nada impide que puedan llegar a coincidir en la misma solución: un Sahara ligado a Marruecos con un estatuto especial que asegure su autonomía. España como antiguo responsable de la región, puede ayudar a acercar a las partes. Marruecos por su responsabilidad actual sobre el territorio, puede hacerlo facilitando encontrar una solución consensuada. La segunda cuestión es que este análisis se hace desde una posición que su autor ha mantenido durante más de tres décadas y es la creencia en que la buena solución para el problema del Sahara Occidental puede estar con Marruecos, pero en un Marruecos democrático y descentralizado, que reconozca plenamente su identidad plural.Esta investigación parte de una constatación, El Sahara es un obstáculo en las relaciones hispano-marroquíes. Así es al menos desde 1975. El objetivo por tanto, del artículo es abordar dos cuestiones fundamentales. La primera es que aunque España y Marruecos diverjan en la visión del problema, nada impide que puedan llegar a coincidir en la misma solución: un Sahara ligado a Marruecos con un estatuto especial que asegure su autonomía. España como antiguo responsable de la región, puede ayudar a acercar a las partes. Marruecos por su responsabilidad actual sobre el territorio, puede hacerlo facilitando encontrar una solución consensuada. La segunda cuestión es que este análisis se hace desde una posición que su autor ha mantenido durante más de tres décadas y es la creencia en que la buena solución para el problema del Sahara Occidental puede estar con Marruecos, pero en un Marruecos democrático y descentralizado, que reconozca plenamente su identidad plural.This research is based on a finding; the Sahara is an obstacle in Spanish-Moroccan relations, so at least since 1975. The aim therefore of the article is to address two key issues. The first is that while Spain and Morocco diverge in view of the problem, there is no reason they can get to agree on the same solution: a Sahara linked to Morocco with a special status that ensures their autonomy. Spain as former head of the region, can help bring the parties. Morocco for his current responsibility over the territory, he can easier find a consensual solution. The second issue is that this analysis is done from a position that its author has maintained for more than three decades and is the belief that good solution to the Western Sahara problem may be with Morocco, but in democratic and decentralized Morocco, fully recognize plural identity
El Sahara y las relaciones hispano-marroquíes
No full textThis research is based on a finding; the Sahara is an obstacle in Spanish-Moroccan relations, so at least since 1975. The aim therefore of the article is to address two key issues. The first is that while Spain and Morocco diverge in view of the problem, there is no reason they can get to agree on the same solution: a Sahara linked to Morocco with a special status that ensures their autonomy. Spain as former head of the region, can help bring the parties. Morocco for his current responsibility over the territory, he can easier find a consensual solution. The second issue is that this analysis is done from a position that its author has maintained for more than three decades and is the belief that good solution to the Western Sahara problem may be with Morocco, but in democratic and decentralized Morocco, fully recognize plural identity.Esta investigación parte de una constatación, El Sahara es un obstáculo en las relaciones hispano-marroquíes. Así es al menos desde 1975. El objetivo por tanto, del artículo es abordar dos cuestiones fundamentales. La primera es que aunque España y Marruecos diverjan en la visión del problema, nada impide que puedan llegar a coincidir en la misma solución: un Sahara ligado a Marruecos con un estatuto especial que asegure su autonomía. España como antiguo responsable de la región, puede ayudar a acercar a las partes. Marruecos por su responsabilidad actual sobre el territorio, puede hacerlo facilitando encontrar una solución consensuada. La segunda cuestión es que este análisis se hace desde una posición que su autor ha mantenido durante más de tres décadas y es la creencia en que la buena solución para el problema del Sahara Occidental puede estar con Marruecos, pero en un Marruecos democrático y descentralizado, que reconozca plenamente su identidad plural.Esta investigación parte de una constatación, El Sahara es un obstáculo en las relaciones hispano-marroquíes. Así es al menos desde 1975. El objetivo por tanto, del artículo es abordar dos cuestiones fundamentales. La primera es que aunque España y Marruecos diverjan en la visión del problema, nada impide que puedan llegar a coincidir en la misma solución: un Sahara ligado a Marruecos con un estatuto especial que asegure su autonomía. España como antiguo responsable de la región, puede ayudar a acercar a las partes. Marruecos por su responsabilidad actual sobre el territorio, puede hacerlo facilitando encontrar una solución consensuada. La segunda cuestión es que este análisis se hace desde una posición que su autor ha mantenido durante más de tres décadas y es la creencia en que la buena solución para el problema del Sahara Occidental puede estar con Marruecos, pero en un Marruecos democrático y descentralizado, que reconozca plenamente su identidad plural
Shear strength and stiffness of a Sahara sand from Libya
No full text2011 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Modern geotechnical analyses rely upon a rigorous characterization of the dilatancy, critical state and stiffness parameters of geomaterials. In order to generate a fundamental database for these parameters for future geotechnical projects in Libya, the shear strength and stiffness of Libyan Sahara sand were systematically studied in drained and undrained axisymmetric compression. The dry funnel deposition method was employed in this study to create homogenous specimens and simulate the natural fabric of aeolian sand deposits from Libya. The fabric of Sahara sand was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Static, monotonic, isotropically-compressed drained and undrained triaxial tests were performed on specimens with nominal height and diameter equal to 140 and 70 mm, respectively, to characterize the stress-strain-volumetric (or stress-strain-excess pore pressure) response and determine the intrinsic parameters of Libyan Sahara sand. Bender element tests were also performed to measure the shear wave velocity (Vs) and estimate the small strain shear modulus (Gmax) of Sahara sand at mean effective stress levels of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa. The intrinsic parameters that characterize isotropic compression, critical-state, dilatancy and small-strain stiffness of Libyan Sahara sand were determined to allow future analyses of mechanical behavior for this soil to be carried out using a rigorous theoretical framework for granular soils. The critical state soil parameters Γ, λ and k of the Libyan Sahara sand were determined to be equal to 1.92, 0.031 and 0.0002, respectively. The critical state friction angle (φc) of the soil was found to be equal to 31.9° based on results from both drained and undrained tests. The value of φc determined from drained tests was found to be in perfect agreement with the value of φc determined from undrained tests, as expected. The intrinsic parameters Q and R of the peak friction angle (φp) correlation (Bolton 1986) were determined to be equal to 8.5 and 0.98, respectively. This allowed prediction of φp values that differed by no more than about 1° from the actual values measured during the triaxial tests performed under a wide range of relative densities and mean effective stresses. The very small strain stiffness parameters Cg, ng and eg of the Libyan Sahara sand were equal to 548, 0.51 and 2.17, respectively. While the Libyan Sahara sand tested has about 25% of nonplastic fines, results from this fundamental study suggest that the isotropic compression, critical-state, dilatancy and small-strain stiffness characteristics of this soil can be reasonably interpreted according to (or predicted by) a rigorous framework that has already been validated for clean sands and/or sands containing fines
Les Rehāmna depuis leur installation au Sahara jusqu'à 1862
No full textSome Morrocan litterary sources allow the author to follow the stages and circumstances of the migration of a Ma ͨ quil tribe, the Rehāmna, coming from the East, settle firt in the Morrocan Sahara until XVIth century, then finally transfered near the Atlas mountains. The conditions of life of the tribe, living mainly from breeding, are analysed.L'examen de sources marocaines permet de suivre les étapes et les circonstances de la migration de la tribu Ma ͨ quil des Rehāmna, originaire d'Orient, établie dans le Sahara marocain jusqu'au XVIe siècle, enfin déplacée définitivement au pied de l'Atlas lors de l'établissement du pouvoir saadien. Les conditions de vie de cette tribu vivant principalement de l'élevage sont également analysées.Essadiki Abderrazzak. Les Rehāmna depuis leur installation au Sahara jusqu'à 1862. In: Antiquités africaines, 37,2001. pp. 131-138
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