127 research outputs found
Food security in European countries: research results.
No full textThe article presents the results of food security research in European countries. Food security indicators are analyzed, and food security situation in Western and Eastern European countries is evaluated with reference to theoretical and empirical material. Research methodology is discussed in the first part of the article. Main food security indicators for comparison are chosen based on theoretical and analytical analysis. These indicators are further divided into food security dimensions. Food availability dimension uses food production and trade indicators. Food accessibility dimension uses income, expenditure and food prices indicators. Stability dimension is evaluated using indicators of food price and economic stability because of the huge impact for food security of poor people that food and economic crisis had made. In order to get the situation, which reflects the real state of national food security, the calculation methodology of the integrated sustainable development index proposed by R. Čiegis (2009) is used. The second part of this article presents data used for food security analysis. The data for constructing thirteen indicators were taken from FAO and Eurostat online databases. For food intake per capita, food production and consumption indicators the most recent data available is used. The third part of this article presents the evaluation of food security in European countries. The main hypothesis is based on the previous observations noticing connection between food security level and economic development. However, these observations mostly were focused on food consumption indicators. This study incorporates different food security indicators. [...]
Universal Progress indicator
No full textŠalies pažangos, kaip vystymosi rezultato išmatavimo tema, jau senai nagrinėjama daugelio mokslininkų. Egzistuojantys vystymosi indikatoriai yra plačiai kritikuojami ir neatitinka pažangos kriterijų, todėl šio darbo tikslas yra sukonstruoti tikslesnį pažangos matavimo būdą. Pirmoje darbo dalyje yra apžvelgiama išsivystymo sąvoka mokslinėje literatūroje. Taip pat pateikiama vystymosi teorijos bei vystymosi fenomeno interpretacijos dinamika laike. Dalies pabaigoje išsakoma kritika dažniausiai vartojamiems vystymosi indikatoriams. Antroje darbo dalyje yra sprendžiama darbo pradžioje suformuluota problema – konstruojama nauja metodologija, kurios pagalba būtų galima išmatuoti atskiros šalies išsivystymą. Sprendiniu tampa Visuotinis Pažangos indeksas (VPI), kuris šalies pažangą matuoja per ekonominę, socialinę, politinę bei aplinkos prizmes. Trečioje darbo dalyje, VPI yra pritaikomas konkrečioms valstybėms. Taip pat atliekama VPI analizė, hipotezių pagalba, jis lyginamas su kitais pažangą matuojančiais indikatoriais bei rodikliais. Pabaigoje autorius pateikia VPI privalumus, galimas tobulinimo kryptis bei rekomendacijas.Progress indication, as a result of development, is very important topic of nowadays scholars. Existing indicators are being criticized for not matching the definition of real country progress. For this reason, the main topic of this work is the construction of better progress indication method. In the first part of this work the definition of development and progress is being analyzed. The change of development phenomena and it’s theory, during the time, there is also showed. In the end of this part most popular indicators of progress (used in real life) are being criticized. The second part of work became the solution of in the very beginning mentioned problem. The alternative method of measuring country progress has been created. New method, called Universal Progress indicator (UPI), development of each country counts through economic, social, political and environmental spheres. In the last part of work, UPI is being calculated for five countries. Author makes detail analysis of UPI, tests hypothesis in order to compare UPI with other indicators. In the end, main advantages, disadvantages and further researches for UPI are being mentioned
Evaluation of foreign direct investment influence on the development of the lithuanian economy.
No full textThe object of search work – to investigate the impact of foreig direct investment in Lithuania`s economic development. The goals of the work: • Based on analysis of scientific literature, to reveal the impact of FDI on economic development. • Analyze Lithuania, Estonia and Slovenia, the dynamics of foreign direct investment and distribution business segments. • Carried out on foreign direct investment in the theoretical work and empirical analysis based on a study of foreign direct investment affect economic development model for the study. • Identify the impact of foreign direct investment in Lithuania's GDP and employment growth and the results compared with Estonia and Slovenia, the results obtained. The main results of the research. Analysis of foreign direct investment, released a two-fold impact on growth: positive and negative. FDI increases economic growth, as the host country's production process incorporating new resources and technologies, but investment in the host country can receive and the adverse effect of foreign investment may lead to confusion in the country's agricultural economy. The strong dependence of the country from foreign investors show the dependency of the country, the loss of material and human resources to control the market. The structure and largeness of work. The search work consists of introduction, three parts and conclusions. The main working materials described on 78 pages, including 10 charts and 21 pictures. The list of literature consists of 91 sources
Perspectives on Lithuanian economic growth in the context of sustainable development
No full textLietuva, pastaraisiais metais pasižymėjo aukštu ekonominio augimo lygiu bei atskirų sričių vystymųsi. Augant ekonomikai didėja visuomeniniai poreikiai, gamybos apimtys, auga vartojimas. Natūralu, kad tokiomis sąlygomis iškyla grėsmė aplinkai, t.y. kad spartus ekonominis vystymasis bus pasiektas aplinkos sąskaita. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – remiantis teoriniais ekonominio augimo bei darnaus vystymosi pagrindais, išanalizuoti ir įvertinti pastarųjų metų Lietuvos ekonominį augimą darnaus vystymosi kontekste.Lithuania, as well as other two Baltic states, could be characterized by a high level of economic growth and development in various fields in previous years. Naturally, threats to environment emerge under such conditions, i. e. the intense economic development is pursued at the expense of the environment. The main goal of the paper is analyse and evaluate the tendencies and perspectives on economic growth in Lithuania of the recent years, based on the theoretical principles of economic growth and sustainable development
Employees’ motivation in the transport sphere organizations.
No full textThe transport of the roads of Lithuania is the broadminded and privatized comparing with the other branches of transport. Lithuania, guiding itself to general transport guidelines of European Union, in the field of road transport is oriented to development of traffic safety, reduction of negative effect of transport for our atmosphere, market control and to render of the best service. In the field of service we can find explanations about the needs, expectations of clients and satisfaction of received service. But there is the question – how can we have it without qualified and motivated personnel? Employer, who wants to high the maximum results of underway actions, has to pay his attention in measures witch focus employees to high the ambitions of company. Motivation – especially important force, witch stimulate people to mix their personal needs with the needs of company. The good result of company could have influence to better gains and acceptance of employee. Now there are a lot of various companies, witch proceeds activity and hopes to get profit from it. The company owner, who wants his business to prosper, must choose loyal and qualified workers. Of course, it doesn’t give him any guarantee, that the employee won’t leave the company when he will get the better offer: bigger salary, better operating conditions and possibilities of carrier. The migration of high qualification specialists is appreciable, especially in present time when the amount of emigration doesn’t change. Therefore many promising companies don’t want to loose their specialists. So it forces employers to pay attention to employees, their needs, expectations and satisfaction of their work. Relevance of this topic intensified because of the attitude of modern companies’ directors and attitude of experts to human resources. They are positive that precisely this factor influences the financial success of company. The big role in economics plays intellectual resources of individuals and organizations in present time; witch influences the success of creating, increase and perfection of organizations. The object of work – the role of motivation in organizations of transport fields. Purpose of work – when analyzed theories of workers motivations, the importance of motivation, motivation measures and their affect, sustaining F.Herzberg and V.Vroom motivation theories, to value motivating factor to younger ( up to 30-ies) and older (under 30-ies) worker. The poll was carried since September of 2006 to February of 2007 – it is 6 month. Higher level workers of transport field organizations (managers, administration) were polled in the course of research that has possibility to comment on their opinion about work needs, expectations and motivating forces. In the first part the point of motivation, several motivation theories and the importance of motivation are discussed. In second part satisfaction of work factors, stimulation measures and singularities of modern work organization are analyzed. In the third part the poll was analyzed, where the aim was to find out work motivation of employees in transport of goods field. There are the conclusions, practical suggestions, summary in English language, literary list and one schedule at the end of the Master work. The size of the work is 80 pages. There are 36 pictures and 5 tables. There are 42 sources in literary list. There is 1 schedule at the end of the work
Globalization and it’s dimensions: an impact to lithuanian economics.
No full textGlobalization is a process that nobody can stop. The best solution for the defense is to stop the resistance against this process. Globalization does not give heed to borders; it progresses every day and involves all domains of the country. Globalization is understood as a growing interdependence of world economy, as an economic integration of different countries through an international trade, the movement of capital and the movement of people with their feelings and knowledge. Globalization is the penetration of the global market into the life of the countries, caused by the strengthening international financial markets, rising world trade, creation of multinational business and progress in telecommunications. General globalization processes show the benefit of free economic relations between the states for all participating countries. Increased capital mobility limits the opportunities of economics politics and develops pressure for the market to implement useful politics. The benefits of globalization are obvious: it is faster growth, higher standards of life and new opportunities. The phenomenon of globalization seems to weaken the traditional power and sovereignty of nation-states, since much of the aspects seem to be out of control for the states. On of the means of market’s mergers between Lithuania and foreign countries is foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade and migration. These are the key factors for moving globalization process toward different countries. With expensive and limited capital resources in Lithuania, lack experience in using modern management and marketing methods, globalization helps to promote the growth of industry and export, to get more FDI, to compete in global market. After an entrance into EU, Lithuania has developed its economic very much. Following this FDI, world trade also are getting higher (there a lots of figures and tables in the work that sow it). Opened boards let the people more easily to migrate. Companies, which get FDI, do the export and invest in foreign countries, have larger and faster labor increase productivity, establish more work places, pay larger salaries and faster develop their activities. Because of their size and that they are in a lot of countries they can more easily and with lower costs reach materials, technologies, various products and services. Performed research shows that lots of companies are satisfied the process of globalization and are to step into another level
Management aspects of rational waste administration system.
No full textWithout new initiatives, waste volumes are projected to continue to rise in the foreseeable future. Waste also often represents a loss of valuable resources, many of which are scarce and could be recovered and recycled. As society gets wealthier and ever more productive, the demand for products increases. The Municipal Waste Management Strategy for Kaunas Region will follow the objectives and targets of the National Waste Management Strategy Plan. Therefore, the general objective of the regional waste management is to provide acceptable, environmentally sound and cost-effective waste management services in accordance with the requirements in the national legislation, standards and strategies, which are based on the EU waste management legislation. Furthermore, it is the objective of the regional waste management system to improve the efficiency of waste management system and to provide waste management services to all inhabitants against an affordable fee. Kaunas Regional Waste Management Company (Kaunas Region Waste Management Centre - KRWMC) was established as a closed stock company jointly owned by the Municipalities of the Kaunas Waste Management Region in 2005. KRWMC shall undertake the functions delegated by the municipalities of the region. Growing number of vehicles the amount of used tyres are growing too. 12 000 – 14 000 tones waste tyres are generated each year in Lithuania, about 3 000 tones are collected, it is about 21% of generated amount. Year by year the used tyres problem is getting more significant. There was done research work to search the effectiveness of used tyres collection in city of Kaunas. Annually, by the amount of vehicles, about 3 000 tones of used tyres are generated in city of Kaunas. One of the collection ways – to collect used tyres in sites of large waste. In 2006 there were collected only 267,53 tones of used tyres. Another collection way – when you buy new tyres, you can leave old in the selling place. The sum of second way research work’s results are that effectiveness of used tyres collection only 25 – 30%. All research work’s results are that collection of used tyres in city of Kaunas is not effective. We suggest to establish a new company, which will practice collection of used tyres
Economic analysis of foreign trade in Lithuania after joining European Union.
No full textSignificant subject for economics of Lithuania is studied in this Master‘s thesis. The changes of foreign trade of Lithuania are evaluated in the context of integration to European Union. Economic analysis of foreign trade in Lithuania after joining European UnionIn the first part of final thesis the concept and the main conceptions of foreign trade is considered in theoretical aspect. There are also analyzed assumptions and economic benefits of international trade, impact of export and import on the economy of country. It also presents the main theories of international trade. Moreover the signification of foreign trade and the forms of politics of foreign trade are analyzed in the first part as well. In the second part of final thesis the analysis of statistical data of foreign trade of Lithuania is done. The main purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the main changes of foreign trade of Lithuania after entering EU. Analysis of Lithuanian export and import dynamics was performed by countries and groups of the goods
Food security phenomenon and it’s assessment in European countries
No full textŠio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti aprūpinimo maistu padėtį skirtingose Europos šalyse. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiama aprūpinimo maistu sąvoka. Nagrinėjamas mitybos poveikis ekonominiam augimui, požiūriai į aprūpinimo maistu problemą, jos tyrimo metodai. Antroje dalyje analizuojamos dabartinės aprūpinimo maistu problemos pasaulyje, jų priežastys. Apžvelgiama šalių kvalifikacija pagal aprūpinimo maistu lygius, bei pateikiamos konkrečios aprūpinimo maistu problemos pasirinktose išsivysčiusiose pasaulio šalyse. Trečioje darbo dalyje remiantis apskaičiuotu aprūpinimo maistu indeksu pateikiama Europos šalių klasifikacija. Šalių grupės nagrinėjamos atsižvelgiant į skirtingus aprūpinimo maistu aspektus bei rodiklius. Pateikiamas Vakarų bei Rytų Europos šalių palyginimas. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, jog 2005-2008 m. laikotarpiu aprūpinimo maistu situacija Baltijos ir kai kuriose Rytų Europos šalyse buvo prastesnė nei daugumoje Europos šalių.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate food security in different European countries. The first part of this thesis considers the concept of food security. The impact of nutrition on economic growth, different theoretical approaches to food security, and food insecurity measurement and indicators are analysed. The second part describes food insecurity problems in the world, examines the most important causes of food insecurity, and provides different food security classifications. The third part provides estimated food security index and food security classification of European countries. Three distinct food security groups were analyzed with reference to food security dimensions and indicators. The comparison of food security in Western and Eastern European countries is provided. The analysis showed that the lowest food security level in 2005-2008 were in Baltic and in some other Eastern European countries
Tolydi ekonomikos plėtra: alternatyvių visuomenės plėtros modelių etiniai aspektai
Full text linkPeople are going to the next millenium, in which must be formed new attitudes to the environment, scientific and technological progress, integration of different cultures and traditions and economical development. In the last century used the concept of the economical development today is impossible to use without changes. If we are taking in the account externalities and negative consequences of economical actions, we must again to think about theoretical background of economical life. In the reality we are needing to have a new global economical theory, which can help us to change the old economical policy.But before such theory will be created, the existence of alternative models is only one possibility not to go to the bankruptcy of the society. So, we are needing to have a new, alternative ideas about development of the society. (We can say, that alternative models are reaction of the economical thinking to the complex problems of our days - ecological, technological, social).The concept of the sustainable development, without which is impossible to imagine discussions about environment and development, is real alternative in the economical theory to the neoclassical growth theory, speaking about economical growth which means quantitative material growth of the economy. The idea of sustainable development can help us to stop the destruction of natural resources and to put the economy to the qualitative growth (development). In the reality the sustainability is a normative ethical principle of the social development, which speaks not about things, how they are, but about things, how they must be. The sustainability is not a technical problem, which we must to solve, but “the vision of the future, which helps us to concentrate our attention to the values and ethical and moral principles”. So, sustainable economical solutions can be found only if will be fundamental changes in the human value attitudes, and will be created a new view to the nature.More and more attention for the ethical dimension of the sustainable development are given in the scientific economical literature. In this paper the authors analyses questions, which are related to the sustainable economical development and emphasize ethical aspects of this path of economy. Ethical aspects are very important, because now the humanity is faced with the principle problem - to have or not to have the future. Today if we want to make economical decisions, it is not enough to have sufficient economical information and narrow criterion of economical efficiency. We are needing to have other criterions - ecological, ethical - which are very important for the sustainable development of theworld. Ecological-ethical imperative shows the limit, beyond which the sustainable life becomes impossible.The goal of the paper was to analyse alternative ideas of the economical development, to find its the historical. social and cultural roots and relations, to give the alternative attitude to social development. Ethical limits for economical activities in the sustainable development model are analysed too.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami alternatyvūs visuomenės plėtros modeliai ir kai kurie etiniai tolydžios ekonomikos plėtros klausimai bei pateikiami siūlymai, leidžiantys efektyviau taikyti ūkio ir įmonių valdymo praktikoje tolydžios plėtros koncepciją remiantis “Darbotvarkės 21” reikalavimais
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