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Get PDFThis essay responds briefly to contributions by Éloïse Adde-Michel Margue, Étienne Doublier and Giovanni Francesco Contel discussing the volume Emperors and imperial discourse in Italy
Corps, corporatisme, corporation et les régimes de corporéité du social Bodies, corporatism, corporations and social corporeity regimes
No full textColloque organisé le 13 avril 2012, dans le cadre du projet de recherche du CEFRES, dirigé par Anne Gléonec et Éloïse Adde : « Corporéité et politique, entre histoire médiévale et philosophie »
Die deutschsprachige Übersetzung der Dalimil-Chronik. Ein Versuch der politischen Legitimation der städtischen Eliten im Böhmen der Luxemburger?
No full textDie deutschsprachige Übersetzung der Dalimil-Chronik. Ein Versuch der politischen Legitimation der städtischen Eliten im Böhmen der Luxemburger?
No full textEnvironnement textuel et réception du texte médiéval. La deuxième vie de la Chronique de Dalimil
Get PDFCette analyse propose d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la réception de la Chronique de Dalimil grâce à l’analyse des « assemblages textuels » constitutifs des codices qui la renferment. Si l’enquête nous surprend dans un premier temps par l’importance des textes de divertissement au sein du corpus et le recul de la portée politique du texte, ce constat est néanmoins en conformité avec les transformations de la société qui avaient rendu caduc le message de Dalimil. L’écrasante majorité des textes en tchèque rend compte des progrès de la vernacularisation ainsi que du rôle des « transferts culturels » dans l’élaboration de la littérature nationale. La composition des différents codices se fait en outre le reflet de la nouvelle place prise par la littérature dans la société, dans le contexte de l’apparition des « nouveaux publics », tout en illustrant les destinées que pouvait suivre le texte, indépendamment des visées premières de son auteur. Enfin, elle montre que le processus de canonisation de l’œuvre, capable de faire le poids à côté des « hits » de la littérature européenne, était déjà largement engagé à l’orée du xve siècle.This analysis proposes to shed new light on the reception of the Chronicle of Dalimil through the analysis of the “textual collections” constituted by the codices that contain it. While we were initially surprised by the importance of texts made for entertainment within the corpus and the decline in the political scope of the text, this observation is nonetheless in conformity with the transformations of society which had rendered obsolete the message of Dalimil. The overwhelming majority of the Czech texts reflect the progress of vernacularization and the role of “cultural transfers” in the development of national literature. The composition of the different codices is also a reflection of the new place taken by literature in society, in the context of the appearance of the “new publics”, while illustrating the different fates that might befall the text, independently of the aims of its author. Finally, it shows that the process of canonization of the work, capable of competing with the “hits” of European literature, was already very much under way at the beginning of the fifteenth century
The Justification of Tyrannicide in the Chronicle of Dalimil. The Czech Nobility as the “Mystical Body” of the Realm
Get PDFThe chronicle of the so-called Dalimil is the first chronicle written in the Czech language, dating from the early 14th century. In the context of the succession crisis (interregnum of 1306-1310) entailed by the death of Venceslas III, murdered without descent, and the extinction of the Přemyslide dynasty, its author’s plane was to establish the political role of the Czech nobility. Next to the emphasis on the election of the ruler by the Lords, the justification of the tyrannicide had to play a crucial role. In front of a king who could be weak (Henry of Carinthie), foreign (John the Blind) or too young (Venceslas II at the beginning of his reign), the nobility had to embody the durability of the State, the "community of the realm", in a dialectic that connected the Lords in the idea of constituting the "mystic body of king". In this text, the necessity of the application of the tyrannicide is not however presented as a novelty, but as a fundamental and almost moral duty of the nobility, which was abandoned because of the rise of the authoritarian exercise of the power by the ruler when the duchy of Bohemia became a Kingdom.A crónica do chamado Dalimil é primeira crónica escrita em língua checa, datando de inícios do século XIV. No contexto da crise de sucessão (interregno de 1306-1310) criada pela morte de Venceslau III, assassinado sem descendência, e pela extinção da dinastia Přemyslide, o objectivo do autor da crónica era estabelecer o papel político da Nobreza checa. Após enfatizar a eleição do Rei pelos nobres, a justificação do tiranicídio tinha de desempenhar um papel central. Perante um Rei que podia ser fraco (Henrique de Carinthie), estrangeiro (João, o Cego), ou muito jovem (Venceslau II no início do seu reinado), a nobreza do reino tinha de garantir a estabilidade do Estado e a “comunidade do reino”, numa dialéctica que os apresentava como se fossem “o corpo místico do rei”. Nesta Crónica, a necessidade do tiranicídio não é apresentada, porém, como uma novidade, mas como um dever fundamental e quase moral da Nobreza, que fora abandonado devido ao exercício autoritário do poder pelo monarca, quando o ducado da Boémia se transformara num reino
Les bourgeois de Bohême et l’impossible légitimation ?
No full textLa Bohême est caractérisée par un très fort pouvoir nobiliaire jusqu’au xve siècle. Contrairement aux autres entités politiques d’Europe, le système des états qui reconnaît le pouvoir des villes tarde à se mettre en place pour laisser la place à ce que l’historiographie tchèque appelle le « dualisme », ce partage informel entre le roi et les grands seigneurs. Très riche, influente, côtoyant la cour et le souverain pour certains de ses membres, la bourgeoisie est en mal de reconnaissance politique. C’est dans ces conditions que les familles patriciennes de Prague et de Kutná Hora coordonnèrent leur action pour enlever les personnalités les plus importantes et faire appliquer par la force leurs requêtes. Pourtant, pour être compris avec justesse, l’épisode ne doit pas être réduit à une lutte des classes opposant bourgeoisie et noblesse.Bohemia is characterized by a very powerful nobility until the 15th century. Unlike the other political entities in Europe, the system of states that recognises the power of the cities takes some time to establish and is replaced by what Czech historiography calls “dualism”, which is an informal sharing between the king and the great lords. The bourgeoisie is very rich, influential, and some of its members are close to the court and to the sovereign, yet it is in need of political recognition. It was in these circumstances that the patrician families of Prague and Kutná Hora coordinated their actions to abduct the most important well-known figures and implement their claims by force. However, in order to properly understand this historic episode, it must not be reduced
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