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L'igiene dei prodotti alimentari nella disciplina europea
No full textL’articolo riproduce la relazione tenuta alla ”Food Safety Conference” a Il Cairo, Ain Shams University, nel giugno 2007 sulla disciplina europea dell’igiene dei prodotti alimentari, applicabile ai prodotti dei Paesi Terzi destinati al mercato europeo
I colori della politica. Passioni, emozioni e rappresentazioni della politica nell'et{\`a} contemporanea
No full textDalla Francia al Nuovo Mondo: feudi e signorie nella valle del San Lorenzo
No full textè inserito il file word dell'introduzioneHistory of the fiefs and seigniories in the St. Lawrence Valley (16th-20th centuries
Involvement of the cAMP-dependent pathway in the reduction of epileptiform bursting caused by somatostatin in the mouse hippocampus
No full textL'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://www.springerlink.comThe cAMP pathway is major signal transduction system involved in hippocampal neurotransmission. Recently, the peptide somatostatin-14 (SRIF) has emerged as a key signal that, by activating its receptors, inhibits epileptiform bursting in the mouse hippocampus. Little is known on transduction mechanisms which may mediate SRIF function in native cell/tissues. Using a well established model of epileptiform activity induced by Mg2+-free medium with 4-aminopyridine (0 Mg2+⁄4-AP) in mouse hippocampal slices, we demonstrated that PKA-related signaling is upregulated by hippocampal bursting and that treatment with SRIF normalizes this upregulation. We also demonstrated that the SRIF-induced inhibition of PKA impairs phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1. Extracellular recordings of the 0 Mg2+⁄4-AP-induced hippocampal discharge from the CA3 region demonstrated that treating slices with compounds which interfere with PKA activity prevent SRIF inhibition of epileptiform bursting. Our results suggest that SRIF modulation of hippocampal activity may involve PKA-related signaling.MIUR Internationalization, Art.
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Modulation of the neuronal response to ischemia by somatostatin analogues in wild-type and knock-out mouse retinas
No full textL'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/Somatostatin acts at five G protein-coupled receptors, sst1-sst5. In mouse ischemic retinas, the overexpression of sst2 (as in sst1 knock-out mice) results in reduction of cell death and glutamate release. Here, we reported that, in wild-type retinas, somatostatin, the multireceptor ligand pasireotide and the sst2 agonist octreotide decreased ischemia-induced cell death and that octreotide also decreased glutamate release. In contrast, cell death was increased by blocking sst2 with cyanamide. In sst2 over-expressing ischemic retinas, somatostatin analogues increased cell death, and octreotide also increased glutamate release. To explain this reversal of the anti-ischemic effect of somatostatin agonists in the presence of sst2 over-expression, we tested sst2 desensitisation due to internalisation or altered receptor function. We observed that: i) sst2 was not internalised, ii) among G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and regulators of G protein signalling (RGSs), GRK1 and RGS1 expression increased following ischemia, iii) both GRK1 and RGS1 were downregulated by octreotide in wild-type ischemic retinas, iv) octreotide down-regulated GRK1 but not RGS1 in sst2 over-expressing ischemic retinas. These results demonstrate that sst2 activation protects against retinal ischemia. However, in the presence of sst2 over-expression sst2 is functionally desensitised by agonists, possibly due to sustained RGS1 levels.PRIN2005, grant # 200505231
The PDI (Protein Disulfide Isomerase) gene family in wheat.
No full textThe PDI (Protein Disulfide Isomerase) gene family
includes several members whose products are
responsible for diversified metabolic functions. PDI and
PDI-like proteins differ for number and position of
thioredoxin-like (TRX-like) active (a type) and inactive
(b type) domains, for presence/absence of other domains
and of the KDEL signal of retention in the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). The phylogenetic analysis of typical
PDI and PDI-like protein sequences resolved them into
10 groups (1), 5 of them (I-V) had 2 TRX-like active
domains, whereas the remaining ones owned only a
single TRX-like active domain (VI-VIII, QSOX and
APRL). In particular, QRX and APRL were not included
in this study due to their putative non-isomerase
enzymatic activities encoded by an additional domain.
The aim of the present research was the study of the
complexity and diversity of the PDI gene family in
wheat, with particular focus on the genes encoding PDIlike
proteins structurally similar to TaPDIL1-1 (group I),
the first identified and best characterized member of the
PDI family, also named typical PDI. The most important
function of typical PDI is the formation and
isomerization of disulfide bonds during protein folding,
which are accomplished by its two active TRX-like sites
sharing the characteristic tetrapeptide –CGHC-. Several
studies of molecular characterization, expression
analysis and cell localisation in rice and maize have
suggested the involvement of typical PDI in the
assembly and deposition of storage proteins in these
species (2, 3, 4). The characterization and chromosome
location of the three homoeologous gene sequences
encoding typical PDI and of their promoter sequences
have been reported previously (5)
Il disastro di Monongah nelle carte del Ministero degli Affari Esteri Italiano
No full textfile preparatorio del capitolo a stampaItalian Foreign Affairs' document about the coal mine explosion in Monongah, West Virginia (1907