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Lettore e letterato : attività critico-giornalistica (1932-1989) di Giorgio Caproni
No full textNella prima parte del presente lavoro è tracciata una panoramica della questione generale
e dei temi di maggiore interesse storico-letterario e critico-teorico che si possono
desumere dalla materia presa in esame. Essa consta di undici paragrafi. Nei primi
tre si offre un inquadramento generale circa la questione di Giorgio Caproni come critico
(§ 1), il corpus giornalistico (§ 2) e l’orientamento generale di un intento critico
connotato dalla costante e indefessa “difesa della poesia” (§ 3). Seguono alcuni paragrafi
di carattere storico o tematico. Al primo genere si allegano quelli relativi al dibattito
di poetiche occorso nel secondo dopoguerra (§ 4), quello riguardante speciali
rubriche di Letture (§ 6) e questioni politiche e sociali (§ 8). Al secondo, i paragrafi relativi
la propensione al ragionamento sulla parola (§ 5), gli scritti riguardanti la Liguria
(§ 7), la scuola (§ 9) e i viaggi (§ 10).
Nella seconda parte si dà puntualmente conto del lungo attraversamento critico caproniano.
La prima e più importante delle sezioni riguarda naturalmente la poesia italiana
(§ 1), seguono gli autori italiani in prosa (§ 2), un focus sugli interessi (precoci, anche
se poco coltivati) del critico d’arte (§ 3) e infine un elenco dei vari autori stranieri
organizzati per lingua (§ 4) dove spiccano spagnoli e francesi, ma si hanno notizie anche
da altre letterature, come quelle in lingua tedesca, inglese, greca, svedese, russa e
polacca. Ogni paragrafo è diviso ulteriormente secondo una partizione che sarà specificata
ad apertura di sezione e che spesso si fa consistente. L’intento è stato quello di
fornire un percorso cronologico-tematico preciso e ricco di riferimenti per districarsi
nel dedalo delle occasioni critiche caproniane, sempre legate alla contingenza editoriale
o del dibattito, anche quando (non di rado) si vengono a centrare impressioni degne
di attenzione ulteriore sul doppio piano della storia letteraria e della cronistoria
intellettuale e poetica dell’autore.
La terza e ultima parte comprende un paragrafo su alcune questioni stilistiche generali
riguardanti, tra l’altro, tracce della contaminazione fra la parte “bassa” e la parte
“alta” dello scrittoio caproniano. Vengono cioè ad evidenziarsi alcuni materiali che
sembrano aver influenzato direttamente gli esiti in poesia partendo dalla base del lavoro
giornalistico. Un secondo paragrafo riguarda invece il lavoro editoriale strettamente
inteso, con l’analisi delle prefazioni e delle schede di lettura approntate per l’editore
Rizzoli. In questa parte sono incorporate anche le Conclusioni del lavoro e due Appendici:
nella prima di esse vengono passati al vaglio alcuni pezzi giornalistici estravaganti
riuniti in una rubrica intitolata Taccuino dello svagato, tenuta su «La Fiera letteraria
» fra il 1958 e il 1961; nella seconda si riportano per intero alcuni pezzi giornalistici
tra cui il primo scritto caproniano in assoluto (Incontri con Ungaretti, 1933), assenti
dall’edizione Aragno delle Prose critiche
Sociobiological bases of information structure
No full textThis work faces the sociobiological bases of Information Structure. The term ―sociobiological‖ is here taken to encompass socio-interactional and processing implications of distributing sentence contents according to presupposition/assertion, topic/focus and given/new oppositions.
The socio-interactional domain explores the interplay of Information Structure units and the linguistic encoding of evidentiality, whereas the processing perspective looks into the neurocognitive underpinnings that support the decoding of informational articulations in discourse. These two approaches are put together to set forth hypotheses on the emergence of Information Structure categories in human communication.
The organization of the dissertation is summarized as follows. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the main theoretical literature on Information Structure from the earliest philosophical and Praguian traditions to the more up-to-date accounts. In this chapter, the correlation between information units and precise memory stores (expressly, Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory) is also laid out, together with the effects of information packaging on the storage and manipulation of information in the receiver‘s mental model of discourse.
Chapter 2 outlines the interaction between the discourse realization of information units and the encoding of evidential meanings. On this purpose, a broad notion of evidentiality is taken into account (i.e. a notion embracing both the speaker‘s attitude towards a proposition and the grammatical marking of its source); precisely, a taxonomy of epistemic stances elaborated by Mushin (2001) is drawn upon. Two stances are contended to be crucial for the distribution of sentence contents into more or less relevant informational units; these are referred to as personal experience and factual stance. I suggest that the former correlates with the assertion and/or focalization of some information, whereas the latter more strongly relies on its presupposition and/or topicalisation.
Chapter 3 presents experimental perspectives on the processing of Information Structure units, both from psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives. An introductory part gathers some the most far-reaching achievements reported in earlier and recent works on the subject. I put forth that these findings point towards two different trends in Information Structure processing. Using a terminology widely diffused within the purview of cognitive psychology and related disciplines, I called one
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trend bottom-up, because it follows from processing operations that capitalize on the structural cues of sentence information; the other trend has been referred to as top-down because it reveals the influence of discourse-driven expectations on the processing of upcoming utterance contents. I attributed these two processing criteria to the experimental designs adopted in the reported studies, and, particularly, to the fact that in the bottom-up modality sentences were often processed in isolation, whereas in the top-down trend they were usually embedded in a wider context of discourse.
In Chapter 4, two experiments are described that confirm the role of expectation-based parsing criteria when presupposed, asserted, topicalised and focalized information is processed. It is shown that, when information structures are compliant with the receiver‘s expectations on both activation state and information packaging of contents, sentence processing is easier as opposed to when they deflect from his pre-conceived mental representation of the discourse model.
Chapter 5 represents the final part of the dissertation where the considerations developed in the foregoing chapters are built on to advance some possible evolutionary hypotheses of Information Structure in human communication. Here, the aforementioned socio-interactional (evidential) and processing-based arguments are recast as exogenous and endogenous forces or, in biological terms, as nurtural and natural biases, on the gradual shaping of Information Structure units. From the nurtural perspective, it is discussed that the presupposition/assertion and topic/focus dichotomies either emerged or have been exapted to modulate epistemic stances on communicated information. In this sense, in virtue of their discursive properties, topic and presupposition may have been selected (or exapted) to mark a pragmatic meaning of factual evidentiality, therefore reducing the speaker‘s commitment to the truth of a proposition. By contrast, focus and assertion may have been selected (or exapted) to mark a meaning of personal experience evidentiality, which increases the speaker‘s degree of commitment to truth.
From a natural standpoint, the development of Information Structure is addressed against the background of processing constraints which I assume to be complied with by the above mentioned bottom-up and top-down processing modalities. In other words, there are conditions of sentence processing in which discourse-driven expectations cannot be relied on (as in the case of all-new sentences). In these cases, information structural cues may have appeared to serve the function of allocating processing
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resources according to degrees of relevance of contents to the communicative tasks at hand. On this account, focus and assertion receive more attention because they are typically more purposeful in the current exchange; conversely, topic and presupposition require a lesser amount of attention, because they are less relevant to the communicative goal. In the top-down account, the units of Information Structure may have originated in order to facilitate the recognition of activation degrees of contents. More precisely, topic and presupposition allow relating some information to recently activated and previously shared contents respectively, whereas focus and assertion allow recognizing some content as new or unshared. Easing processes of mental recall of contents turned out to be particularly adaptive in a context of mainly oral communication (but the same can be said for written communication), which is generally more transient and ephemeral. So, the human attentional system exploits the cues provided by packaging in two ways: when previous expectations on the discourse model are not available, the processor allocates resources on the basis of information packaging instructions; on the contrary, if expectations on the activation state and packaging of contents can be properly computed, these guide processing. As for this latter condition, when expectations are not met, sentence processing is more demanding than it would be when information structure is consistent with the receiver‘s pre-conceived representation of the discourse model
Multimodal Imaging as a tool to study the neurovascular coupling in the spinal cord
No full textThe present thesis proposes an interdisciplinary research combining biomedical and physical science, with the intent to develop a multidisciplinary network between advanced X-ray imaging techniques, fMRI and new algorithms to develop a solid multimodal method for pre-clinical research in the field of imaging.
In particular, in this work we characterized the spinal BOLD signal using a multimodal approach. We investigated
1) The biophysical features of the spinal BOLD functional response.
2) The structure of the SC vascular and neuronal networks, which together contribute to the BOLD signal in fMRI. The information gathered on these networks will be used to develop an optimized spinal BOLD model. Indeed the currently used fMRI model is a mathematical abstraction of the vascular/metabolic response in the rat brain cortex, which may not be appropriate for the S
Somalia - Shop signs
No full textVideo edited by Centro Studi Somali for Expo Milan 2015, Somalia Pavillion.
Pictures of shop signs (coffee shops, restaurants, fish shops, grocery shops) taken in Somalia in the '80s and belonging to Prof. Massimo Squillacciotti private collection.Video-han, oo Xarunta Cilmibaaristu ay u diyaarisay Expo Milano 2015, qaybta Soomaaliya, waxaa ku duuban sawiro dacaayadeed oo ku naqshadaysan darbiyada dukaamada Xamar. 80meeyadii ayaana sawirradaas qaaaday Prof. Massimo Squillacciotti.Video realizzato dal Centro Studi Somali per Expo Milano 2015, Padiglione Somalia.
Fotografie di insegne di negozi (bar, ristoranti, pescherie, alimentari) scattate in Somalia negli anni '80 e appartenenti alla collezione privata del Prof. Massimo Squillacciotti.Link: https://youtu.be/pIGNYHm5OA
Mogadiscio - Mercato Amarnini
No full textImmagine tratta dal sito "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/) e inclusa nell'Archivio Somalia con il consenso del curatore della collezione Rick Davies.Sawir laga soo qaatay mareegta "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/), waxaana lagu biiriyay Kaydka af Soomaaliga, kaddib markii oggolaasho laga helay qofka diyaariyay oo ah Rick Davies.Image taken from the website "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/) and included in the Somali Archive with the permission of the owner of the collection, Mr. Davies
VOA Somali: Wareysi Cabduraxman Maxamud Abtidoon
No full textKaddabi markii laga furay Jaamacadda Helsinki koorso af Soomaali oo ka mid ah manhajka jaamacaddaas, ayaa idaacada VOA, laanta af Soomaaliga, waraysi la yeelatay aqoonyahan Cabduraxmaan Maxamuud Abtidoon, oo ka hadlaya xaaladda qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed xagga adeegsigooda af Soomaaliga iyo hawsha laga qabto Xarunta Cilmibaarista Soomaaliyeed ee Jaamacadda Universita` Roma Tre.In occasione dell'apertura del Corso di laurea di lingua somala presso l'Università di Helsinki, VOA Somali intervista Cabduraxman Maxamud Abtidoon: lo studioso somalo affronta il tema della situazione linguistica dei somali della diaspora (Europa e America) e presenta il lavoro del Centro di Studi Somali dell'Università degli Studi Roma Tre.On the occasion of the birth of the Somali language University course in Helsinki, VOA Somali interviews Cabduraxman Maxamud Abtidoon: the scholar relates about the linguistic situation of Somalis living abroad (Europe and America) and he presents the activity of Somali Studies Centre of Roma Tre University
Juba River Valley Development Study. Vol. IV: Agriculture and Livestock Sector
No full textThis report details the results of a study conducted by Technital S.p.A., financed by the European Development Fund and assigned by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Somalia. The report consists of six volumes, the volume IV gives an outline of the soils in the valley, of their susceptivity and utilization coefficient for irrigation. It consists of five parts: the pedologic situation in the region; agriculture and livestock situation in the valley; the measures in the agricultural sector; the measures in the livestock sector.Warbixintani waxay siddaa natiijooyinkii daraasadeed ee ay samaysay shirkadda Technital S.p.A., waxaana maalgeliyay European Development Fund, waxaana loo xilsaaray Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqaraatiga Soomaaliyeed. Warbixintu waxay ka kooban tahay 6 buug, midka afaraad wuxuu si guud uga hadlayaa ciidda dooxada, adeegsiga waraabinta beeraha. Shan qaybood ayuuna u kala baxaa: xaaladda daraasadeed ee ciidda gobolka; arrimaha beeraha iyo xoolaha dooxada; xog ku saabsan xoolaha iyo xooladhaqashada.Questa relazione riporta i risultati dello studio condotto da Technital S.p.A., finanziato dallo European Development Fund e commissionato dal Governo della Repubblica Democratica Somala. Il report si compone di sei volumi, il quarto fornisce un quadro generale del suolo della valle, il coefficiente di suscettività e utilizzo per l'irrigazione. Si divide in cinque parti: la situazione pedologica nella regione; agricoltura e allevamento nella valle; dati relativi al settore agricolo; dati relativi al bestiame e all'allevamento
Intervista a Pier Luigi Malesani: L'Università Nazionale Somala
No full textIntervista al Dott. Malesani effettuata negli anni '70 a proposito del progetto di cooperazione nel campo della formazione universitaria tra i governi italiano e somalo che ha portato alla nascita dell'Università Nazionale Somala a Mogadiscio.Waraysi lala yeeshay Dr. Malesani 70meeyadii, oo ku saabsan mashruuca iskaashiga ka dhexeeyey dawladda Soomaaliya iyo midda Talyaaniga, xagga waxbarashada jaamacadeed, taaso keentay abuurista Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed.Interview with Dr. Malesani carried out in the 70s about the cooperation project for university education between Italian and Somali governments that led to the creation of the Somali National University in Mogadishu.Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c60ytejh4G
Somalia Italiana: Portale di Moschea - Iscrizione coranica
No full textImmagine tratta dal sito "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/) e inclusa nell'Archivio Somalia con il consenso del curatore della collezione Rick Davies.Sawir laga soo qaatay mareegta "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/), waxaana lagu biiriyay Kaydka af Soomaaliga, kaddib markii oggolaasho laga helay qofka diyaariyay oo ah Rick Davies.Image taken from the website "Mogadishu: Images from the past" (https://mogadishuimages.wordpress.com/) and included in the Somali Archive with the permission of the owner of the collection, Mr. Davies