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Studio sull’origine della catalisi enzimatica in sistemi biologici
No full textThe advent of Darwinian evolution required the emergence of
molecular mechanisms for the heritable variation of fitness.
One model for such a system involves populations of competing
protocells, each consisting of a replicating genetic polymer encapsulated
within a replicating membrane vesicle. In this model, the encapsulated
genetic polymer imparts enhanced fitness to its protocell by, for example,
coding for a catalyst that generates a useful metabolite.
Vesicles are the best known model for testing properties of the
self-assembled protocell membranes, and a model of protocell
encapsulation. (Luisi, Walde et al. 1999)
It is generally agreed that at the earliest stage of the prebiotic
bilayer membrane formation membranes consisted of simple, long chain
carboxylic acids. (Deamer, Dworkin et al. 2002)
Ser-His is one of the simplest peptide catalysts, under specific
conditions facilitating synthesis of peptides and RNA. (Li, Zhao et al.
2000; Gorlero, Wieczorek et al. 2009; Wieczorek, Dorr et al. 2012)
The aim of this work consists in the development of experimental
models to study the primitive mechanisms of Darwinian evolution. In
particular, I will investigate the properties of simple fatty acid protocells
that contain small catalytic peptides.
First I have shown how Ser-His can catalyze synthesis of peptide
nucleic acid polymer. (Gorlero, Wieczorek et al. 2009)
Peptide nucleic acid is peptide bond polymer of notably achiral
backbone, capable of standard Watson-Crick based pairing with natural
nucleic acids. It has been proposed as a likely prebiotic precursors, or at
some stages complementary genetic polymer, to natural RNA and DNA.
(Egholm, Buchardt et al. 1992; Nielsen, Egholm et al. 1994; Nielsen
2007)
The work presented in this thesis addresses the problem of
prebiotic catalysis on the molecular polymer and the protocell level.
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In the studies of catalytic activity of small dipeptides, I showed
how prebiotic catalytic dipeptide Ser-His can catalyze synthesis of
prebiotically plausible genetic polymer PNA, and how two simple
catalysts, Ser-His and Ser-His-Gly can induce competition between
populations of protocells. I have also showed that another simple
prebiotic dipeptide, Cys-Cys, can facilitate photochemically induced
division of protocell vesicles
Introduzione parlata sui canti di lavoro e generi femminili
No full textIntroduzione parlata sui canti di lavoro e sui generi femminili. Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 20 settembre 1998 a Baabile, nella IV regione (Oromia) dell’Etiopia, gruppo etnico prevalente: Somali (Daarood Ogaadeen e altre cabile della Soomaali Galbeed). Partecipavano alla registrazione, svoltasi presso un’abitazione privata, Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani e Giorgio Banti._-_Arar looga hadlayo hees howleed iyo haweenka. F. Giannattasio ayaa ka duubay 20/09/98, isagoo jooga Baabile, gobolka IV (Oromo) ee Itoobiya, dad badankooda soomaali ah (Daarood Ogaadeen iyo qabaa'il kale ee soomaali Galbeed). Waxaa duubista ka qayb qaatay, iyadoo lagu sugnaa guri gaar ah, Axmed Faarax C. "Idaajaa", Simone Tarsitani iyo Giorgio Banti ._-_Spoken introduction on work songs and female genre. Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on September, 20th 1998 in Baabile, in the 4th region (Oromia) of Ethiopia, in a private home; main group/clan: Somalis (Daarood Ogaadeen and other sub-clans of the Soomaali Galbeed). In the presence of Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani and Giorgio Banti
Ayro Ayroy
No full text"Ayro Ayroy", hees ari (la qaado marka arija la daajinayo). F. Giannattasio ayaa ka duubay 20/09/98, isagoo jooga Baabile, gobolka IV (Oromo) ee Itoobiya, dad badankooda soomaali ah (Daarood Ogaadeen iyo qabaa'il kale ee soomaali Galbeed). Waxaa duubista ka qayb qaatay, iyadoo lagu sugnaa guri gaar ah, Axmed Faarax C. "Idaajaa", Simone Tarsitani iyo Giorgio Banti ._-_"Ayro ayroy" (O care, o care), incipit; ‘hees-ari’ per pascolare le capre e le pecore. Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 20 settembre 1998 a Baabile, nella IV regione (Oromia) dell’Etiopia, gruppo etnico prevalente: Somali (Daarood Ogaadeen e altre cabile della Soomaali Galbeed). Partecipavano alla registrazione, svoltasi presso un’abitazione privata, Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani e Giorgio Banti._-_"Ayro ayroy" (Oh beloved, oh beloved), opening words; hees-ari: song for the grazing of sheep and goats. Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on September, 20th 1998 in Baabile, in the 4th region (Oromia) of Ethiopia, in a private house; main group/clan: Somalis (Daarood Ogaadeen and other sub-clans of the Soomaali Galbeed). In the presence of Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani and Giorgio Banti
Waxay tidhi, xee xooxexee
No full text"Waxay tidhi, xee xooxexee", hees ari. F. Giannattasio ayaa ka duubay 23/9/98, isagoo jooga Jigjiga, gobolka V (soomaalida) ee Itoobiya, dad badankooda soomaali ah oo ay ka soo kala jeedaan qabaa'il kala duwan. Waxaa duubista ka qayb qaatay (iyadoo lagu sugnaa guriga Cumar Ibraahin, wasiirka Wasaaradda Beeraha), Axmed Faarax C. "Idaajaa", Simone Tarsitani iyo Giorgio Banti._-_"Waxay tidhi, xee xooxexee" (Lei ha detto 'xee xooxexee'), incipit; hees-ari canto per la capre (e, in generale, per il pascolo degli ovini). Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 23 settembre 1998 a Jigjiga, nella V regione (Somalia) dell’Etiopia, gruppo etnico prevalente: Somali di varie cabile. Partecipavano alla registrazione, svoltasi presso l’abitazione privata di Cumar Ibraahiim, Ministro dell'Agricoltura della V regione: Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa” e Simone Tarsitani._-_"Waxay tidhi, xee xooxexee" (She said 'xee xooxexee'), opening words; hees-ari, song for the goats (in general, to graze sheep). Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on September, 23rd 1998 in Jigjiga, in the 5th region (Somalia) of Ethiopia, at Cumar Ibraahiim's place (Agriculture Minister of the 5th region); main group/clan: Somalis belonging to different clans. In the presence of Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa” and Simone Tarsitani
Ragaadayoo roob
No full text"Ragaadayo roob", heello. Francesco Giannattasio ayaa 15/01/85 ka duubay Cabdullaahi Qarshe oo qaadaya belwo iyo heello, isagoo adeegsanaya kaban iyo cod, waxaana la qaadaysay Guduudo carwo iyo saddex qalab muusiko oo garaacayeen 3 qof oo ka tirsan fanaaniinta Masraxa Qaranka. Waxaa duubustaas ka kaaliyay Awees Maxamed Waasuge oo ka ahaa soosaare Masraxa Qaranka Soomaaliyeed 1984-9._-_"Ragaadayoo roob" (La pioggia ritarda), heello. Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 15 gennaio 1985 a Mogadiscio presso l'abitazione di Cabdillaahi Maxamuud "Qarshi". Repertori del belwo e dell'heello (nuova musica somala) eseguiti da Cabdillaahi Maxamuud "Qarshi", kaban (liuto) e voce; Guduudo Carwo, voce femminile; percussioni (bongos; tamburello daf); violino; flauto, suonati da tre musicisti del TNS. Partecipa alla registrazione Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, allora regista del Teatro Nazionale Somalo e, dal 1984 al 1989, collaboratore di Giannattasio alla ricerca sulla musica somala._-_"Ragaadayoo roob" (The rain delays), heello. Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on January 15th, 1985 in Mogadishu at Cabdillaahi Maxamuud's "Qarshi" place. Repertoires of belwo and heello (new Somali music) performed by Cabdillaahi Maxamuud "Qarshi" at kaban (lute) and vocals; Guduudo Carwo, female voice; percussions (bongo drums, tambourine); violin, flute, played by three musicians of SNT. In the presence of Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, director of the Somali National Theatre and Giannattasio's collaborator in his research on Somali music from 1984 to 1989
Geedba geedka u dheer laga garaacaye
No full text"Geedba geedka u dheer laga garaacaye", hees kebdeed. F. Giannattasio ayaa 30/04/85, isagoo jooga gurigiisa ku yaalla Liido ee Moqdisho, ka duubay Diiriye Faarax Cali oo loo yaqaan "Xaaji Baalbaal". Waxaa duubistaas ka qayb qaatay Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, oo kala shaqaynaayay Giannattasio xagga baarista muusikada soomaaliyeed, isagoo markaas ka ahaa Masraxa Qaranka Soomaaliyeed soosaare 1984-89._-_"Geedba geedka u dheer laga garaacaye" (Da ogni albero più alto è stata estratta [la fibra]), canto femminile per la fabbricazione delle stuoie (hees-kebdeed). Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 30 aprile 1985 a Mogadiscio (nella propria abitazione al Liido), con Diiriye Faarax Cabdi, detto Xaaji "Baalbaal". Partecipa alla registrazione Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, allora regista del Teatro Nazionale Somalo e, dal 1984 al 1989, collaboratore di Giannattasio alla ricerca sulla musica somala._-_"Geedba geedka u dheer laga garaacaye" (From the highest trees it [the fiber] was extracted). Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on April, 30th 1985 in Mogadishu (at Liido home), with Diiriye Faarax Cabdi, called Xaaji "Baalbaal". In the presence of Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, director of the Somali National Theatre and Giannattasio's collaborator in his research on Somali music from 1984 to 1989
God la geeye gaddoomow / Gebertiis u gargaaro
No full text"God la geeye gaddoomow / gebertiis u gargaaro", qasiido xayaad lagu qabtay fagaaraha. Waxaa loo adeegsaday: cod, shanbal, labo reeme. F. Giannattasio ayaa duubay habeen taariikhdu ay ahayd 04/05/85, isagoo jooga Jasiira, gobolka Banaadir, halkaasoo lagu hayay siyaadarii Sh. Xasan (Al-Buraale). Waxaa duubistaas ka qayb qaatay Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, oo kala shaqaynaayay Giannattasio xagga baarista muusikada soomaaliyeed, isagoo markaas ka ahaa Masraxa Qaranka Soomaaliyeed soosaare 1984-89._-_"God la geeye gaddoomow / Gebertiis u gargaaro" (O colui che è stato portato nella tomba e torna / o colui che aiuta sua figlia), qasiido; rituale religioso di xayaad, in funzione (ambiente esterno). Modo di esecuzione: voci, crotali (shanbal), due timpani (owlan). Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio la sera e la notte del 4 maggio 1985 a Jasiira, nella regione Banaadir, in occasione della siyaaro (commemorazione) per lo Sheekh Xasan (El-)Buraale. Partecipa alla registrazione Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, allora regista del Teatro Nazionale Somalo e, dal 1984 al 1989, collaboratore di Giannattasio alla ricerca sulla musica somala._-_"God la geeye gaddoomow / Gebertiis u gargaaro" (Oh, he who was brought to the tomb and comes back / Oh, he who helps his daughter), qasiido; xayaad religious ceremony, outwards. Performance: vocals, crotales, two kettledrums. Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on the evening and night of May, 4th 1985 in Jasiira, in the Banaadir region, on the occasion of siyaaro (memorial) for Sheekh Xasan (El-)Buraale. In the presence of Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, director of the Somali National Theatre and Giannattasio's collaborator in his research on Somali music from 1984 to 1989
Ladhiifow Alla, irid Allaa furanee
No full text"Ladhiifow Alla, irid Allaa furanee", qasiido xayaad lagu qabtay meel xiran. Waxaa loo adeegsaday: cod, shanbal, labo reeme. F. Giannattasio ayaa duubay habeen taariikhdu ay ahayd 04/05/85, isagoo jooga Jasiira, gobolka Banaadir, halkaasoo lagu hayay siyaadarii Sh. Xasan (Al-Buraale). Waxaa duubistaas ka qayb qaatay Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, oo kala shaqaynaayay Giannattasio xagga baarista muusikada soomaaliyeed, isagoo markaas ka ahaa Masraxa Qaranka Soomaaliyeed soosaare 1984-89._-_"Ladhiifow Alla, irid Allaa furanee" (O clemente Allah, la porta di Dio è aperta), incipit; rituale religioso di xayaad, in funzione (al chiuso). Modo di esecuzione: voci, crotali (shanbal), due timpani (owlan). Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio la sera e la notte del 4 maggio 1985 a Jasiira, nella regione Banaadir, in occasione della siyaaro (commemorazione) per lo Sheekh Xasan (El-)Buraale. Partecipa alla registrazione Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, allora regista del Teatro Nazionale Somalo e, dal 1984 al 1989, collaboratore di Giannattasio alla ricerca sulla musica somala._-_"Ladhiifow Alla, irid Allaa furanee" (Oh benevolent Alla, God's door is open), qasiido; xayaad religious ceremony, inwards. Performance: vocals, crotales (shanbal), two kettledrums (owlan). Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on the evening and night of May, 4th 1985 in Jasiira, in the Banaadir region, on the occasion of siyaaro (memorial) for Sheekh Xasan (El-)Buraale. In the presence of Aweys Maxamed Waasuge, director of the Somali National Theatre and Giannattasio's collaborator in his research on Somali music from 1984 to 1989
Hoobaaliyo nimaan geel lahayn gaajo waa hanane
No full text"Hoobaaliyo nimaan geel lahayn gaajo waa hanane", gabay. F. Giannattasio ayaa ka duubay 20/09/98, isagoo jooga Baabile, gobolka IV (Oromiya) ee Itoobiya, dad badankooda soomaali ah (Daarood Ogaadeen iyo qabaa'il kale ee soomaali Galbeed). Waxaa duubista ka qayb qaatay, iyadoo lagu sugnaa guri gaar ah, Axmed Faarax C. "Idaajaa", Simone Tarsitani iyo Giorgio Banti ._-_"Hoobaaliyo nimaan geel lahayn gaajo waa hanane" (Chi è senza cammelli fa la fame), primo verso; gabay, genere poetico maggiore. Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 20 settembre 1998 a Baabile, nella IV regione (Oromia) dell’Etiopia, gruppo etnico prevalente: Somali (Daarood Ogaadeen e altre cabile della Soomaali Galbeed). Partecipavano alla registrazione, svoltasi presso un’abitazione privata, Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani e Giorgio Banti._-_"Hoobaaliyo nimaan geel lahayn gaajo waa hanane" (Those without camels starve), first verse; gabay, major poetic genre. Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on September, 20th 1998 in Baabile, in the 4th region (Oromia) of Ethiopia, in a private house; main group/clan: Somalis (Daarood Ogaadeen and other sub-clans of the Soomaali Galbeed). In the presence of Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”, Simone Tarsitani and Giorgio Banti
Hoobeey hoobeeya
No full text"Hoobey hoobeeya", hees caruureed. F. Giannattasio ayaa ka duubay 23/9/98, isagoo jooga Jigjiga, gobolka V (soomaalida) ee Itoobiya, dad badankooda soomaali ah oo ay ka soo kala jeedaan qabaa'il kala duwan. Waxaa duubista ka qayb qaatay (iyadoo lagu sugnaa guriga Cumar Ibraahin, wasiirka Wasaaradda Beeraha), Axmed Faarax C. "Idaajaa", Simone Tarsitani iyo Giorgio Banti._-_"Hoobeey hoobeeya" (verso stereotipo), incipit; ninnananna, hees-carrureed (canti dei bambini, o per i bambini). Registrazione effettuata da Francesco Giannattasio il 23 settembre 1998 a Jigjiga, nella V regione (Somalia) dell’Etiopia, gruppo etnico prevalente: Somali di varie cabile. Partecipavano alla registrazione, svoltasi presso l’abitazione privata di Cumar Ibraahiim, Ministro dell'Agricoltura della V regione: Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa” e Simone Tarsitani._-_"Hoobeey hoobeeya" (stereotype verse), opening words; lullaby, hees-carrureed (children songs). Recorded by Francesco Giannattasio on September, 23rd 1998 in Jigjiga, in the 5th region (Somalia) of Ethiopia, at Cumar Ibraahiim's place (Agriculture Minister of the 5th region); main group/clan: Somalis belonging to different clans. In the presence of Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa” and Simone Tarsitani