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The brief history of orthopterology in Italy and the birth of the GRIO (Gruppo di Ricerca Insetti Ortotteroidei – Research Group for Orthopteroid Insects)
No full textIRRITRE: tools and infrastructures for irrigation in Trentino (IT)
Get PDFSustainable water management in agriculture and the maintenance of current crop quantity and quality standards are pivotal elements of agricultural policy at global and local levels. One pressing issue is the concurrent use of water resources for irrigation alongside hydropower, tourism, industrial, and civil purposes. This issue is becoming increasingly urgent in the Alps due to changes in winter precipitation patterns, which affect summer water supplies. To monitor the water consumption for irrigation at provincial level, the Autonomous Province of Trento has established and leads the IRRITRE project in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Fondazione Edmund Mach, and Trentino Digitale S.p.A. for the technological aspects. The initiative was launched in the Summer of 2023 and aims to provide the public administrators with real-time monitoring tools to track agricultural water usage. Additionally, it will equip Irrigation Consortia with an irrigation advisory system to optimize water consumption and irrigation automation at hydraulic valve le-level by using Artificial Intelligence. The project incorporates the creation of the digital infrastructure and the deployment of humidity probes in the soil. Currently, IRRITRE is being piloted in three significant agricultural areas of the Trentino region—cultivated with grapevines, apples, and olives—with plans to expand to other irrigation consortia
Pirimicarb contro afide lanigero: efficacia, selettività e residualità
No full textNell'ultimo sono state effettuate prove di pieno campo per valutare l’efficacia di pirimicarb verso afide lanigero del melo (Eriosoma lanigerum), con diversi momenti di applicazione e numero di interventi misurando al contempo profilo residuale e selettività verso Aphelinus mali. Le prove hanno confermato l’elevata affinità di pirimicarb verso il fitomizo, anche con applicazioni anticipate rispetto al tradizionale timing «curativo», con un profilo residuale e una selettività estremamente favorevol
Studio sulle scelte alimentari degli adolescenti considerando i diversi livelli di neofobia
No full textSusceptibility of aphid parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) to different active ingredients commonly used in organic apple orchards in Trentino (North Italy)
No full textAphelinus mali (Haldeman) is the most important biological control agent of woolly apple aphid (WAA) Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), a serious pest of apples. The amount of products used in apple orchards could compromise the effectiveness of A. mali on its biological control. The rate of parasitism reaches high levels (80-90%) in late summer when part of the damage has already been caused. In Trentino region (Italy) the first peak of flight of A. mali is in the post-flowering period, although limited in size and is essential for an exponential flight increase and the consequent culmination of the parasitisation ratio in summer, generally at the end of July. It is essential to avoid pesticides toxic to A. mali after flowering but also other active substances that can reduce A. mali activity. For these reasons, we tested several plant protection products to evaluate potential compatibility in integrated and organic pest management programs. The direct (topical sprays in Potter’s Tower) and residual (leaf residue) effect of insecticides and fungicides on the adult stage of this parasitoid were investigated under laboratory conditions. The active ingredients used in trials were deltamethrin (as a chemical referent), azadirachtin, sulphur and Lime Sulphur. The products were tested at recommended field rates. A treatment with water was used as control in both experimental trials. The insects’ mortality rate on direct effect in Potter’s Tower was different only for the deltamethrin at different control timing. Deltamethrin caused the highest mortality also in residual effect than the other products. After 3 and 7 days from the treatment no product were caused mortalit
Valutazione dell’attività erbicida e spollonante di un nuovo formulato a base di pyraflufen etile+cletodim su melo
No full textSi riportano i risultati di 4 sperimentazioni di campo effettuate in Trentino nel triennio 2020- 2022 al fine di valutare l’efficacia e la selettività di un nuovo formulato erbicida, Ripper ® , a base di pyraflufen-etile + cletodim su melo. Il prodotto, costituito dalla miscela di due molecole già note e caratterizzate, è stato inserito in diverse strategie con sostanze attive a diverso meccanismo d’azione e/o in combinazione con il diserbo meccanico. Sono state previste applicazioni nelle principali finestre d’impiego possibili, dal periodo autunnale, in post-raccolta fino ai primi mesi estivi. Il prodotto ha dimostrato, soprattutto nelle applicazioni primaverili/estive di essere in grado di controllare efficacemente sia le infestanti, sia i polloni radicali. L’efficacia sulle principali dicotiledoni è buona quando il trattamento viene effettuato ai primi stadi di sviluppo, con poche eccezioni quale ad esempio Potentilla reptans che è risultata poco sensibile. L’azione sulle graminacee presenti è sempre stata totale, anche nei casi in cui queste erano maggiormente sviluppate (trattamento autunnale). Le miscele estemporanee con isoxaben e oxifluorfen hanno permesso di prolungare l’effetto soprattutto sulle dicotiledoni nei trattamenti autunnali così come è risultata favorevole l’applicazione del prodotto in primavera, anche a seguito di una lavorazione del terreno eseguita in autunnoWe report the results of 4 field trials carried out in Trentino in the three-year period 2020- 2022 in order to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of a new herbicide formulation, Ripper®, based on pyraflufen-ethyl + clethodim on apple trees. The product, a mixture of two already known and characterized herbicides, was included in different strategies with active substances with different mechanism of action and/or in combination with mechanical weeding. Treatments were planned in the main possible application timings, from the autumn period, in post-harvest to the early summer months. The product has proven, especially in spring/summer applications, to be able to effectively control both weeds and root suckers. The efficacy on the main dicots is good when the treatment is carried out at the early stages of development, with a few exceptions such as Potentilla reptans, which was not very susceptible. The activity on grasses was always total, even when they were more developed (autumn treatment). Extemporaneous mixtures with isoxaben and oxifluorfen allowed to extend the effect mainly on dicots in autumn treatments, just as favorable was the application of the product in spring, even following autumn tillag
From genes to vineyards: system biology and new breeding technologies for water stress tolerance in grapevines
Get PDFComparative evaluation of secondary metabolite chemodiversity of Citrus genebank collection in Greece: can the peel be more than waste?
No full textCitrus fruits are among the most economically important crops in the world. In the global market, the Citrus peel is often considered a byproduct but substitutes an important phenotypic characteristic of the fruit and a valuable source of essential oils, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids with variable concentrations. The Mediterranean basin is a particularly dense area of autochthonous genotypes of Citrus that are known for being a source of healthy foods, which can be repertoires of valuable genes for molecular breeding with the focus on plant resistance and quality improvement. The scope of this study was to characterize and compare the main phenotypic parameters (i.e., peel thickness, fruit volume, and area) and levels of bioactive compounds in the peel of fruits from the local germplasm of Citrus in Greece, to assess their chemodiversity regarding their polyphenolic, volatile, and carotenoid profiles. A targeted liquid chromatographic approach revealed hesperidin, tangeretin, narirutin, eriocitrin, and quercetin glycosides as the major polyphenolic compounds identified in orange, lemon, and mandarin peels. The content of tangeretin and narirutin followed the tendency mandarin > orange > lemon. Eriocitrin was a predominant metabolite of lemon peel, following its identification in lower amounts in mandarin and at least in the orange peel. For these citrus-specific metabolites, high intra- but also interspecies chemodiversity was monitored. Significant diversity was found in the essential oil content, which varied between 1.2 and 3% in orange, 0.2 and 1.4% in mandarin, and 0.9 and 1.9% in lemon peel. Limonene was the predominant compound in all Citrus species peel essential oils, ranging between 88 and 93% among the orange, 64 and 93% in mandarin, and 55 and 63% in lemon cultivars. Carotenoid analysis revealed different compositions among the Citrus species and accessions studied, with β-cryptoxanthin being the most predominant metabolite. This large-scale metabolic investigation will enhance the knowledge of Citrus peel secondary metabolite chemodiversity supported by the ample availability of Citrus genetic resources to further expand their exploitation in future breeding programs and potential applications in the global functional food and pharmaceutical industrie
