13004 research outputs found
Sort by
Endemic species in the aerobiome? Evidence from floristic and aerobiological studies in the Italian Alps
No full textPollen as a proxy for plant diversity helps to interpret vegetation and/or to model vegetation shifts under climate change scenarios. Within the BIOALPEC project "Biodiversity in Alpine Ecosystems," we investigate the qualitative-quantitative input of pollen and spores on the bioaerosol of high altitudes exploring implications for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Here we present how the local flora and surrounding vegetation are sources of the bioaerosol at alpine receptor sites in Trentino, Italy. The methodology applied involves floristic studies and bioaerosol sampling with passive gravitational traps. We surveyed the flora at different local scales, starting from the aerobiological sampler: i) within a circle of 10 m radius; ii) in 5 randomized 2 x 2 m plots within a circle of 100 m radius; iii) along a transect of 1000 m x 2 m
Lieviti e alcol da problema a soluzione?
No full textAttraverso la microbiologia è possibile contribuire alla riduzione del grado alcolico dei vini
Authentication of premium Asian rice varieties: stable isotope ratios and multi-elemental content for the identification of geographic fingerprints
Get PDFOver 90 percent of the world's rice is produced and consumed in the Asia-Pacific region. Varieties such as Thai Jasmine rice and Paw San (or “Myanmar pearl rice”) are globally recognised as premium, while more local high-grade varieties include the Indonesian Ciherang and Inpari. Being able to trace the origin of these products has become necessary, since they are marketed at relatively higher prices compared to other cultivars, and they often become the target of fraudulent activities. In this work, we aimed to identify variables that could distinguish the premium-producing regions within each country, by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Low-Level Data Fusion (LLDF) followed the analysis of more than 300 authentic samples, and (O)PLS-DA models yielded very high accuracy values. The most important geo-differentiating variables (VIP>1.4) were identified as: δ13C, δ18O, δ2H, δ34S, Co, Rb, Cu, Ba and Z
Modulation of aromatic amino acid metabolism by indigenous non-saccharomyces yeasts in Croatian Maraština wines
Get PDFThis study aimed to provide novel information on the impact of indigenous non-Saccharomyces yeasts, including Metschnikowia chrysoperlae, Metschnikowia sinensis/shanxiensis, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Lachancea thermotolerans, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and Pichia kluyveri, on metabolites related to the metabolism of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The experiment included two fermentation practices: monoculture and sequential fermentation with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using sterile Maraština grape juice. A targeted approach through ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography associated with mass spectrometry was used to quantify 38 metabolites. All the indigenous yeasts demonstrated better consumption of tryptophan in monoculture than in interaction with S. cerevisiae. M. sinensis/shanxiensis was the only producer of indole-3-carboxylic acid, while its ethyl ester was detected in monoculture fermentation with H. guilliermondii. H. guilliermondii consumed the most phenylalanine among the other isolates. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was detected in fermentations with M. pulcherrima and M. sinensis/shanxiensis. M. pulcherrima significantly increased tryptophol content and utilised tyrosine in monoculture fermentations. Sequential fermentation with M. sinensis/shanxiensis and S. cerevisiae produced higher amounts of N-acetyl derivatives of tryptophan and phenylalanine, while H. guilliermondii-S. cerevisiae fermentation resulted in wines with the highest concentrations of L-kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. P. kluyveri produced the highest concentration of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in monoculture fermentations. These findings highlight the different yeast metabolic pathway
Exploring the gene regulatory networks of WRKY family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) using DAP-Seq
Get PDFThe recent development of regulatory genomics has raised increasing interest in plant research since transcriptional regulation of genes plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. By shedding light on the target genes of the various transcription factors (TFs), it is therefore possible to infer the influence they exert on the different molecular mechanisms. In this regard, the attention was focused on WRKYs, a family of TFs almost exclusively found in plant species. In grapevine, WRKYs are involved in several biological processes, playing a key role in berry development, hormonal balance and signalling, biotic and abiotic stresses responses, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. In this study, DAP-Seq was used to investigate the regulatory activity of the whole WRKY family in gDNA from young leaves of Cabernet Franc. This approach allowed the definition of the WRKYs cistrome (i.e., the set of bound genes). 46 out of 59 WRKYs gave results, outlining a total number of 674,407 binding events along whole grapevine genome, of which 459,791 (68%) are localized in the perigenic region, according to its intense regulatory activity. Cistrome maps were integrated with gene centred co-expression networks based on a large transcriptomics dataset, and with the results of an ATAC-Seq. This allowed to isolate some High Confidence Targets, characterized by high degree of co-expression with the related TF and laying down in genomic regions of open chromatin. The networks generated can be used to provide a complete regulatory map of WRKY family, shedding light on its biological role in grapevine
Analysis of terpenoid biotransformation in beer by commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast using headspace SPME-GC/MS
Get PDFTerpenoids are a class of compounds found in hops which are responsible for the distinctive hop aromas in beer. Changes in terpenoid composition during fermentation as a result of yeast biotransformation influences beer aroma, but the pathways involved in these reactions are yet to be fully understood. In this study, eleven terpenoid standards (geraniol, nerol, citronellol, citral, α-terpineol, citronellyl acetate, caryophyllene, linalool, limonene, β-pinene and myrcene) were individually added to a model beer system fermented with commercially available Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SafAle US-05). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured before and after fermentation with headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Upon adding a single terpenoid standard to the model beer system, multiple terpenoid products were detected in the resulting beer at the end of fermentation. For example, when geraniol (10 ppm) was added, geraniol, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, citronellal, nerol, dihydrolinalool and dihydrocitronellol were detected at the end of fermentation. This research illustrates the importance of studying individual terpenoids as it provides valuable insights into the complex chemistry of beer. This information can aid in the optimisation of brewing to enhance the production of the flavours and aromas in beer desired by consumer
