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PME10 is a pectin methylesterase driving PME activity and immunity against Botrytis cinerea in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Get PDFBotrytis cinerea (Bc) is a major pathogen of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), with cell wall (CW) remodelling playing a critical role in fungal colonisation. CW-modifying enzymes, particularly pectin methylesterases (PMEs), produced by both host and pathogen, influence CW integrity and the outcome of infection. To explore the role of CW composition and remodelling in grapevine's response to Bc, we inoculated three genotypes with varying susceptibility at full flowering. Biochemical analysis of flowers and ripe berry skins revealed that the tolerant genotype exhibited significantly higher PME activity postinfection compared with the susceptible ones. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of infected flower tissues showed a more intense transcriptional response in the susceptible genotype, suggesting an ultimately ineffective attempt to restrict fungus spread. Expression profiling of 62 PME genes in this data set and public Bc-infected berry transcriptomes identified PME10 as the most strongly induced gene upon infection. PME10 knockout mutants displayed reduced PME activity and heightened susceptibility, while overexpression lines showed enhanced PME activity and reduced disease symptoms. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted WRKY03, a defence-related transcription factor, as a putative regulator of PME10. DAP-seq, DAP-qPCR and dual luciferase assays confirmed direct binding and activation of the PME10 promoter by WRKY03. Altogether, this study demonstrates that PME10 is a functional PME contributing to grapevine immunity against B. cinerea, establishing it as a key component of the grapevine defence machinery against fungal pathogen
Unveiling the bioactive potential of fermented vegetables: a metabolomic approach using high-resolution mass spectrometry
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Development and validation of a fast UHPLC–HRMS method for the analysis of amino acids and biogenic amines in fermented beverages
Get PDFConsidering the importance of free amino acids (FAAs) and biogenic amines (BAs) in the production of fermented beverages (FB), the interest in the quantification of these compounds has been growing. So far, most of the analytical methods developed entail a derivatization step. While this technique allows for the detection of several compounds, it is often associated with scarce accuracy and poor resolution. To counteract the drawbacks, in this study, we aimed to develop a fast, simple, and effective method that combines the use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to quantify underivatized FAAs and BAs in FBs. The method was successfully developed and validated: it allowed for the accurate and precise quantification of 20 FAAs—including leucine and isoleucine—and 12 BAs in just 12 min. Its applicability was demonstrated on commercial samples of wines, beers, ciders, saké, and vinegar
Antonomo della fragola: danni e strategie di gestione integrata
No full textDal 2019 al 2024 in un’azienda trentina sita a Drena è stata condotta un’attività di monitoraggio su fragola rifiorente e unifera per valutare presenza, danno, parassitizzazione e strategie di gestione di Anthonomus rubi (antonomo della fragola). Negli anni è stato osservato un incremento della presenza del fitofago e dei relativi danni su boccioli e anche frutti. Una gestione che privilegi pratiche agronomiche sostenibili (asportazione degli adulti e dei boccioli recisi mediante battitura manuale della vegetazione) e rafforzamento degli equilibri biologici possono contribuire a ridurre la pressione del fitofago favorendo il naturale controllo biologic
RNA-seq and WGBS analyses during fruit ripening and in response to ABA in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) reveal genetic and epigenetic modulation of auxin and cytokinin genes
No full textAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a key role in the ripening process of non-climacteric fruits, triggering pigment production, fruit softening, and sugar accumulation. Transcriptional studies show that ABA modifies the expression of several ripening-related genes, but epigenetic effects of ABA during this process are lacking. Therefore, this work aimed to perform transcriptomic and DNA methylation analyses of fruit samples treated with ABA during the fruit ripening process in the non-climacteric sweet cherry model. RNA-seq analyses revealed an overrepresentation of transcripts annotated in functional categories related to ABA response, secondary metabolism, and sugar synthesis during fruit ripening. In contrast, Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) analyses revealed DNA hypomethylation in the 5′UTR region of genes related to carotene catabolism. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of genes encoding xyloglucan enzymes, associated with cell wall modifications, were also detected. ABA treatment enhanced fruit color development and the accumulation of ripening markers, including carotenoids and several anthocyanins. Gene Ontology analysis in the RNA-seq of ABA-treated fruits revealed expression variations in genes encoding members of the Aux/IAA and ARF families. In the WGBS analysis, genes encoding enzymes for cytokinin biosynthesis had differential DNA methylation after the ABA treatment. Our work identified ABA-modulated factors at the genetic and epigenetic levels, suggesting complex hormone networks controlling non-climacteric sweet cherry fruit ripenin
Metabolomic fingerprint changes during the alcoholic fermentation at industrial level of Muscat of Alexandria grape must
No full textPrecision irrigation in the Trentino region: how SWAB tackles the water challenges
Get PDFThis study presents SWAB (Soil-Water-Atmosphere Advanced Budget), an advanced model for precision irrigation of grapevine, apple, and olive orchards in alpine regions, developed to address the needs of the agricultural sector and policymakers. Based on the FAO-56 water balance methodology, SWAB enhances this approach by incorporating advanced parameterizations of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC), specifically adapted to the pedoclimatic variability of the Trentino region. The region encompasses approximately 20,000 irrigated hectares of orchards and vineyards, with a Gross Production Value (GPV) of 22.7 kEUR/ha at current prices (updated 2022, source: ISPAT), highlighting the critical role of irrigation in stabilizing productive yields and supporting the local economy. Although annual precipitation is abundant, including during the growing season for apples and grapevines, decreasing snowfall is progressively eroding spring water reserves, intensifying competition among economic sectors (agriculture, tourism, and hydropower). In the Trentino context, irrigation water is managed by Land Improvement and Irrigation Consortia without fully considering crop-specific needs. SWAB estimates irrigation requirements and, through the IRRITRE project, supports irrigation Consortia in optimizing short-term water distribution. This integrated approach promotes sustainable water resource management, thereby strengthening the resilience of Trentino's agriculture in the face of climate change
