13004 research outputs found
Sort by
Promoting a circular bio-economy: use of wine cellar by-products as feed supplement for dairy cows and evaluation of the chemical and microbiological effects on dairy products
No full textPotatura su misura: verso una gestione agronomica personalizzata delle nuove varietà di mirtillo
No full textPopolazioni avventizie di Leptopilina japonica: una nuova opportunità per il controllo biologico aumentativo di Drosophila suzukii
Get PDFNegli ultimi quindici anni, il moscerino asiatico dei piccoli frutti, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), è diventato una delle principali minacce per le colture frutticole a buccia tenera a livello globale. Nonostante l'adozione di diverse strategie di contenimento la gestione integrata di D. suzukii si basa ancora principalmente sull'uso di insetticidi. Tuttavia, il controllo biologico potrebbe ridurre ulteriormente i costi di gestione a lungo termine, migliorando la sostenibilità economica e ambientale delle produzioni. In questo contesto, sono attivi in vari paesi programmi di lotta biologica classica, finalizzati all'introduzione del parassitoide larvale specifico Ganaspis kimorum (Buffington). Inoltre, un altro parassitoide, Leptopilina japonica Novković & Kimura, ha stabilito popolazioni avventizie in varie regioni dell’Europa e del Nord America. Sebbene siano necessari studi a lungo termine per comprendere meglio le interazioni di L. japonica all'interno delle reti trofiche degli ecosistemi colonizzati e la sua efficacia come agente di controllo biologico, i dati attuali evidenziano la sua capacità di parassitizzare una percentuale significativa di larve di D. suzukii in vari habitat, con impatti minimi o nulli su organismi non bersaglio. Il presente intervento offre una revisione della biologia, della distribuzione e dei potenziali impatti di L. japonica su D. suzukii e su altre specie ospiti. Inoltre, si esplora la possibilità di utilizzarla in programmi di controllo biologico aumentativo, per migliorarne l’efficacia in specifici contesti agricoli. Viene analizzato il possibile ruolo di L. japonica nella gestione integrata di D. suzukii, attraverso la gestione mirata delle strategie di rilascio. Il caso di L. japonica sottolinea l'importanza di regolamenti chiari, fondati sulla ricerca, per guidare l’uso dei nemici naturali non indigeni naturalizzati nella gestione dei fitofagi
A new hotspot of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy
Get PDFThe tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) has expanded its distributional range in Europe over recent decades. Italy is considered a low tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence country, nonetheless, human cases have recently increased, reaching their maximum so far in 2022. This study reports on a new TBE hotspot in the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy), along with a description of TBEV genetic variants at the provincial level. Tick sampling was performed where several TBE human cases were reported in 2022. As a result, 458 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected (38 females, 49 males, 371 nymphs) and screened for TBEV through real-time PCR, pooling the nymphs while analyzing the adults individually. Eight samples were found to be positive for TBEV, corresponding to a 4.6 % prevalence in adults and a 1.1 % minimum infection rate in nymphs in the area. The identified TBEV genetic variants were compared with other TBEV European subtype (TBEV-Eu) strains. The relatively high prevalence in ticks and the reported human cases beyond the year of vector collection suggest a sustained virus circulation. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the genetic variants in the Trentino Province shows a separation among eastern and western sites. This study highlights the crucial importance of active surveillance for mitigating TBE risk, especially in highly anthropized Alpine area
The CRYPTOMARS project: a multi-omic approach for studying Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities as Martian-analog life-forms
Get PDFIf life ever existed on Mars, it may have developed survival strategies similar to those adopted by extremophiles living in terrestrial Martian analogs, such as the cryptoendolithic communities found in the rocky substrates of the McMurdo Dry Valleys or other ice-free areas of continental Antarctica. Nearly thirty years of research on these super-adapted organisms laid the foundation for the CRYPTOMARS project, which aims to disclose the genomic and phenotypic features allowing these microbial communities to withstand specific physico-chemical stresses that may be encountered on the Red Planet. This information will provide tools to outline, in terms of diversity and competences, a putative microbial community able to survive, adapt or even perpetuate under early or present Martian conditions. The project and the background information are here presente
Analysis of canopy responses of temperate forests to frost and drought across elevational gradients using sentinel-2 data
No full textEffect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests
Get PDFSpecies' traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembl
Modeling spatio-temporal annual changes in the probability of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) occurrence across Europe
No full textThis pre-released repository contains all data, code, and model outputs used in the study: "Modeling spatio-temporal annual changes in the probability of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) occurrence across Europe." The materials provided allow for full reproducibility of the analytical workflow described in the manuscript
Description of Catenibacterium mitsuokai subsp. tridentinum subsp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from human faeces, and emended description of C. mitsuokai
Get PDFA recent metagenomic survey has revealed an unknown bacterial clade within the Catenibacterium mitsuokai species to be significantly more prevalent in non-urbanized populations, compared to urbanized ones. We isolated and characterized a strain of this clade from the stool of a healthy adult volunteer. Strain CMD8551T is strictly anaerobic, appears as long chains of Gram-positive rods and produces acetate in the presence of glucose. The lipidomic profile showed a higher proportion of saturated lipid species amongst the detected phospholipids. The whole genome is 2,320,430 bp long and has a G+C content of 33.7 mol% with 2,239 CDSs. A phylogenetic analysis comparing the sequences of the strain CMD8551T with publicly available reference genomes from the Catenibacterium genus revealed that the CMD8551T isolate, together with other isolate genomes, forms a distinct subspecies of C. mitsuokai and has an average nucleotide identity lower than 94% with respect to the previously described C. mitsuokai subsp. mitsuokai. Given the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics of the newly isolated CMD8551T (=DSM 118469T=LMG 33725T=CIP 112509T) that clearly differ from those of the C. mitsuokai subsp. mitsuokai type strain RCA14-39T, we propose it as the type strain of a novel subspecies of C. mitsuokai, with the name C. mitsuokai subsp. tridentinum subsp. nov
