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AiRabbi: qualità chimica e biologica dell’aria in Val di Rabbi: relazione tecnica dell’attività 2024 e sintesi del progetto
No full textLa presente relazione tecnica riporta i risultati dello studio svolto nel 2024 sulla qualità biologica e chimica dell’aria in Val di Rabbi e una sintesi dei risultati dell’intero progetto realizzato dal 2020 al 2024. Per il 2024, le attività sono state definite nell’ambito dell’incarico alla Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione da parte del Servizio Sviluppo Sostenibile e Aree Protette, Ufficio di gestione del Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio (Prot. S175/2024/17.11.1-57C3/SM/LP/MD) e successive modifiche (prot. n. S175/2024/U466/17.11.1-57C3/TB/LP/MD
Organic substrates for soilless strawberry cultivation from derived products: evaluation of peat alternatives available in Trentino
No full textSoilless strawberry cultivation requires a growing medium with specific physicochemical characteristics, particularly porosity and exchange capacity, which determine the hygroscopic and nutritional conditions suitable for plant development. Sphagnum blonde peat of appropriate granulometry has demonstrated these conditions, becoming the preferred material for this cultivation due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. In recent years, environmental pressures to reduce the use of slowly renewable natural resources on one hand, and geopolitical issues suggesting increased costs and risks for production and transportation of materials on the other, have accelerated the search for viable alternatives. Simultaneously, these socioeconomic factors have led to the emergence of initiatives aimed at recovering and transforming products or by-products from various sources: domestic, industrial, energy, or agricultural. In Trentino, composting of domestic waste, bio-digestion of livestock effluents, chipping of tree residues for thermal energy use, and chipping of urban green management residues generate large quantities of organic materials with diverse physicochemical characteristics. The intersection of these two economic-ecological trajectories, one internal and one external to the sector, has led to evaluating their potential applications in soilless cultivation systems. This study aims to utilize these materials to reduce peat usage through total or partial substitution, or by reusing peat for multiple production cycles. Different formulations and management methodologies were determined and tested based on preliminary assessments of the physical-hydraulic and chemical-nutritional behaviours of these materials. Initial results suggest the potential use of some of these materials as supplements to peat previously used in a first production cycle. For example, mixing used peat with a minority proportion of digestate, combined with specific fertigation management, has enabled its reuse in a biennial production cycle with overwintering a limitation typically insurmountable due to the drastic structural deterioration of reused peat
Metabolic and molecular responses of "Red Delicious" apple to static and dynamic extreme low oxygen concentrations during storage
No full textDNA barcoding of minor fish fauna: a case study in the Province of Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
No full textThe fish fauna of the Province of Bolzano/Bozen (northern Italy) currently includes at least 35 species, mostly defined on a morphological basis. Naturally occurring fish are presumably native to the northern Adriatic Catchment, as the alpine divide is considered an absolute migratory barrier for ichthyofauna. However, in the past, fish from north of the Alps have been repeatedly introduced in the Province of Bolzano. The aim of this study is to clarify, through genetic analysis, which species of the minor fish fauna are occurring in the Province of Bolzano. Over 600 individuals from different populations of 10 fish genera – Alburnus, Carassius, Cobitis, Gambusia, Gasterosteus, Padogobius, Rutilus/ Leucos, Sabanejewia, Scardinius, and Squalius – were sampled to carry out DNA barcoding with the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) marker. Fish were weighed, measured and photo- graphed, and before their release into the wild, a fragment of anal fin was collected for genetic analysis. Overall, COI barcodes were successfully obtained for 9 of the 10 target genera, allowing the identification of most individuals. Moreover, 51 haplotypes were found in the study area, 25 of which were never published before. Genetic diversity levels varied widely among species, ranging from 23 haplotypes (Alburnus arborella) to one haplotype for an allochthonous species (Gambusia holbrooki). This study highlights the presence of several undescribed haplotypes for A. arborella, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Leucos aula, Padogobius bonelli, Sabanejewia larvata, Scardinius hesperidicus, and Squalius squalus. The obtained dataset represents the first, although partial, DNA barcoding assessment for freshwater fish on a regional-administrative scale in Ital
First record of Pinnularia bullacostae Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1999 in proglacial lakes of the European Alps (Italy)
No full textPinnularia bullacostae Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1999 is known to colonise soils, lakes and pools mainly in Arctic and Subarctic regions. We describe the first record of Pinnularia bullacostae in the European Alps, including morphological observations and habitat characterisa- tion. The particular environmental conditions induced by the activity of the glacier in proglacial lakes allow for the occurrence of suitable habitats for Pinnularia bullacostae in the Alpine land- scape
How fast do native ungulates respond to the return of the wolf in anthropogenic landscapes?
Full text linkPlasma branched-chain amino acids and risk of radiation-induced acute skin toxicity in women with breast cancer: results from the ATHENA project
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Little is known regarding the influence of circulating plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine on acute skin toxicity (AST) after breast cancer (BC) radiotherapy. Hence, this study examined the association between circulating plasma BCAAs and the risk of ≥ grade 2 AST post-radiotherapy among BC patients. Methods: An observational study was conducted among 161 BC patients treated with radiotherapy within the ATHENA project in Italy. Plasma BCAAs were measured at 2-time points: at baseline (T0) and at the end of radiotherapy (T1) (after 3 or 5 weeks), and were ascertained using a validated method based on tandem mass spectrometry. AST was measured at T1 and defined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) criteria. Analysis was conducted in two parts with separate study designs using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models: 1) A cross-sectional analysis explored the association between plasma BCAAs at T1 and odds of AST post-radiotherapy; 2) A prospective analysis examined the association between plasma BCAAs at T0 and odds of AST post-radiotherapy. Results: AST post-radiotherapy was observed in 45 (28%) patients. In the cross-sectional analysis, at T1, plasma isoleucine (1-SD increment) was associated with 43% reduced odds of ≥ grade 2 AST post-radiotherapy (OR = 0.57;95% CI 0.36 to 0.91). A similar trend was observed in the prospective analysis at T0 (OR = 0.65;95% CI 0.42 to 1.02). There was no evidence of an association between plasma leucine and valine with AST post-radiotherapy, either at T0 or T1. Plasma isoleucine was associated with lower odds of AST post-radiotherapy in BC patients. Conclusions: The findings highlight that plasma isoleucine is associated with a low risk of ≥ grade 2 AST post-radiotherapy among BC patients. However, further studies such as isoleucine supplementation trials are needed to validate these finding
Nuovo comportamento di Anthonomus rubi in Trentino
No full textCambiamenti climatici, coltivazioni di fragola rifiorente senza interruzione negli anni e fertilizzazioni azotate hanno determinato negli ultimi anni modifiche del comportamento e della dannosità di Anthonomus rubi con rosure sui frutti e, oltre alla tipica recisione dei boccioli, possibilità di compiere una seconda generazion
Genetic evidence for the appenninization of alpine streams: tracing the origin of htchery-rearted Mediterranan trout in northen italy using molecular markers
Full text linkOver the past decade, the so-called Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo ghigii) has increasingly been used in restocking activities managed by sport fishing associations. However, little is often known about these hatchery stocks’ origin, genetic composition, and breeding methods. These practices are widespread throughout Italy, particularly in the northern regions. This study aimed to reconstruct the origin and genetic characteristics of domestic Mediterranean trout stocks currently used for restocking in central and northern Italy. A total of 610 trout were analysed using molecular markers: six domestic stocks of Mediterranean trout, two samples of Atlantic trout (S. trutta), 25 wild Mediterranean trout populations, and two wild samples of marble trout (S. marmoratus). The results highlighted three key findings: i) A widespread presence of Atlantic genetic traits in domestic Mediterranean stocks, indicating past hybridization; ii) Domestic stocks are genetically mixed, primarily derived from central and southern Italian rivers (Magra, Serchio, Fibreno, Volturno), and not representative of local wild populations; iii) Genetic traces found in Lombardy—previously interpreted as evidence of a native presence—are more likely the result of recent restocking with non-native Apennine-origin trout. These findings underscore the risk that current restocking practices pose to the conservation of native trout diversity. They highlight the urgent need for strict genetic monitoring and traceability of hatchery stocks to preserve local biodiversity and prevent the unintentional spread of non-native genetic lineages
Bunch compactness, rot incidence, and stenospermocarpy gradient: a five-year evaluation of six Pinot blanc clones in northeast Italy
Full text linkIn viticulture, bunch rot is considered a major issue due to the elevated intrinsic varietal susceptibility, leading to significant yield and quality losses. Pinot blanc can be severely affected by late-season bunch rot, primarily due to its characteristically compact bunch structure. While several vineyard management practices can induce looser bunch architecture, clonal selection offers the potential to identify individuals with naturally less compact bunches without major penalties on yield or juice chemical parameters. In this study, six Pinot blanc clones (namely, ersa140, 141, and 142; Lb16 and 18; and SMA102), trained to “pergola semplice”, were evaluated over five years in an experimental vineyard in the Trentino region. The evaluation focused on traits associated with yield and its components, bunch compactness, juice chemical parameters, and bunch rot incidence. The results revealed contrasting traits among clones, with a gradient in yield and related components across the tested material. Although differences in bunch compactness were observed—expressed as the ratio between bunch weight and rachis length (ranging from 6 to 15 g/cm)—the loose bunch trait was primarily associated with reduced yield and was linearly related to an increased number of stenospermocarpic berries. Clones with looser bunches exhibited higher °Brix and pH levels, likely due to berry dehydration (potentially driven by accelerated ripening following an unbalanced leaf-to-fruit ratio) and increased potassium uptake, respectively. Bunch rot frequency and the number of bunches exhibiting high rot incidence varied among clones, potentially due to two non-mutually exclusive mechanisms: (i) looser bunch architecture and (ii) specific properties of the berry skin. This study provides evidence of a strong relationship between bunch characteristics and yield potential in the six Pinot blanc clones evaluated, which should be considered in future vineyard planning. Intermediate clones, such as Lb18 and especially SMA102, were characterised by moderate vine productivity levels (~3 kg per vine) combined with good tolerance to bunch rot, suggesting their suitability for environments with moderate disease pressure without incurring severe yield penaltie