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A geophysical multidisciplinary approach to investigate the shallow subsoil structures in volcanic environment: The case of Ischia Island
No full textThe ability to image the underground structures of volcanoes is limited by the precision, resolution and pene tration depth of each single geophysical method. In order to improve the knowledge of specific volcanic edifices and to better understand the general behavior of structures, the use of a combination of methods is strongly recommended to exploit and maximize their complementary capabilities of resolution and penetration depths. In this work a large dataset of seismic and electromagnetic measurements has been used to provide a more detailed and improved geophysical image of the shallower portion of the northern sector of Ischia Island(Campania region, Italy), severely hit by the August 21, 2017 earthquake (Mw 3.9). We analysed data by using different methodologies: Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), seismic array technique (f k),polarization analysis and Time Domain ElectroMagnetic (TDEM) survey. These methods are sensitive in a different way to tectonic features, lithologies, layer geometry and fluid distribution. Thus, their combination is useful for studying sites with complex crustal structures such as Ischia island, which is characterized by a well-developed geothermal system linked to the presence of a shallow magmatic body. Results of our study provides detailed information of the physical properties of the subsoil through: 1) the spatial distribution of the amplification parameters of ground motion, showing frequency peaks below 1 Hz and/or between 1 Hz and 5 Hz; 2) the definition of the velocity models up to 600 m depth, with shear wave velocities ranging from 150 m/s for the shallower layers to 2500 m/s for the half space; 3) the recognition of the correlation between the principal fault structures and polarization directions of the noise wavefield, mostly oriented along EW and NE-SW directions; 4) the resistivity models of the first 80 m depth with high resistivity values of the shallow layers in the range 50–100 Ω.m and low resistivity values of the bottom layers in the range 1–10 Ω.m.Published1078205T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcaniJCR Journa
The seismic history of Umbertide: the little we know and a few ideas to improve it
No full textLa sequenza sismica iniziata nel territorio del Comune di Umbertide il 9 marzo 2023 e proseguita per più mesi (Gruppo operativo Quest, 2023), ha senz’altro ridestato nelle comunità coinvolte l’interesse per il terremoto in generale e per il proprio “passato sismico” in particolare. In casi simili viene spontaneo chiedersi se il fenomeno che si sta vivendo sia qualcosa di unico ed eccezionale o, al contrario, il più recente di una serie più o meno lunga di episodi simili e – in questo secondo caso - se è il più grave terremoto mai capitato o se, in passato, ce ne sono stati di peggiori. In questo articolo si cerca di rispondere a queste domande e di capire come si potrebbe tentare di migliorare le lacunose conoscenze sulla storia sismica di Umbertide.UnpublishedAula magna campus "Leonardo Da Vinci", Umbertide (PG)OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamic
ESMpro: a proposal for improved data management for the Engineering Strong Motion database (ESM)
No full textThe strategy for data processing in the Engineering Strong-Motion Database (ESM) is to disseminate only manually revised data to ensure the highest quality. However, manual processing is no longer sustainable, due to the ever-increasing rate of digital earth-quake records, from global, regional, and national seismic networks, and a new frame-work for strong-motion data processing is required, so that records are automatically processed and the human revision is restricted to selected significant records. To this end, we present ESMpro—a modular Python software for a renewed processing frame-work of ESM. The software is available in a stand-alone beta version to facilitate testing and sharing among the scientific community. ESMpro provides automatic settings for waveform trimming and filtering, along with the automatic recognition of poor-quality data and multiple events. ESMpro allows classifying each record in different quality classes to reduce manual revision on a subset of the incoming data. ESMpro also allows handling different processing techniques in a modular and flexible structure to facilitate the implementation of new or alternative algorithms and file formats. The testing performed on the ESM database results in a good correspondence between the automatic and manual data processing, supporting the migration toward fully automatic procedures for massive data processing.Published961–9745T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaJCR Journa
On the (melting) rocks: Climate change and the global issue of permafrost depletion
No full textHighlights
• Permafrost thawing is associated with climate change and demands global solutions.
• Permafrost thawing impacts global climate, sustainable development, and CO2 budget.
• Permafrost thawing disrupts hydrology, habitats, forest cover, and infrastructure.
• Thawing older permafrost horizons can release GHG and locked nocive components.
• More research is needed to better understand the impacts of permafrost depletion.This short communication reports on the pressures posed by climate change on permafrost. The phenomenon of the (melting) rocks, soil, and ground that host permafrost does not just concern a remote stretch of the Arctic north. It is a far larger area than most citizens may realise if looking at an ordinary map projection. Broadly distributed and crucial as it is for the Earth's climate, permafrost thawing due to climate change can affect or upend several aspects associated with life and prosperity on Earth, demanding far greater attention. The loss of permafrost is a global problem that requires a global solution. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) must be reduced to slow permafrost's thawing and negative impacts. As such, this short communication aims to catalyse a global debate on this climate change consequential issue, also providing specific suggestions for reducing the impacts of permafrost depletion.Published1666157SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la societàJCR Journa
Absolute gravity and deformation measurements for a multi-disciplinary study in Central Italy
No full textSince 2018, INGV funded 3 projects aimed to detect ground deformations and gravity variations over different timescale in the area where the recent seismic events of L’Aquila (2009, Mw 6.3) and Amatrice-Norcia (2016, Mw 6.1 and 6.5) took place. The consequent static deformation field reached several centimetres and the modelled impact of such events could have modified the gravity field up to 170 μGal. Furthermore, the medium-long-term gravity and ground deformation variations related to post-seismic relaxation are expected as consequence of vertical deformation of the Earth surface and/or of the internal boundaries separating layers at depth with different densities. In addition, the L’Aquila area is affected by deformations induced by ground water level changes in the aquifers. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach carrying out joint measurements of deformation and gravity is fundamental to understand the role of each geophysical process.
To this aim, a network of 3 (Terni, Popoli, Sant’Angelo Romano) new non-permanent GNSS stations was realized outside the buildings hosting the absolute gravity stations. At L’Aquila, a permanent GNSS station managed by the Italian Space Agency (AQUI) is continuously working on the rooftop terrace of the Science Faculty, and positioned vertically with respect to the gravimetric station (AQUIg), which is located 4 floors below. Since 4 absolute gravimetric sites are located indoor, the precise coordinates of the gravity benchmark have been obtained by classical topographic surveys, connecting the indoor site to the outdoor GNSS reference point. Here we present the gravity and ground deformation variations observed in the period 2018-2022 after five measurement campaigns.SubmittedBologna, Italy7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambiental
The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later
No full textThis reprint "The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later” presents a collection of 13 scientific contributions proposed by 44 researchers with different expertise and multidisciplinary approach highlighting the most important aspects of the Irpinia-Lucania earthquake (Ms 6.9, Io X MCS) from a seismological and geological point of view, without neglecting the reconstruction of cultural heritage, the resilience of the population, and the socioeconomic development of the internal areas of the Southern Apennines after the earthquake. The 1980 earthquake struck Irpinia-Lucania region (Southern Italy) and it is remembered in Italy not only for being the strongest earthquake recorded in the last 100 years causing devastation of entire regions and severe loss of human life, but also for the destruction of the cultural heritage in the epicentral area. This volume, far from being exhaustive, nevertheless wants to be an important point of reference for the new generations of researchers who will have both a historical and multidisciplinary approach to the knowledge of this earthquake.Publishe
Attività e proposte di Women20 dalla presidenza Indonesiana a quella Indiana
No full textContinua il lavoro dell’Engagement Group del G20, il Women 20, per elaborare proposte di policy per i leader dei paesi membri del G20 sui temi di genere. Dopo la presidenza italiana del 2021, e quella indonesiana del 2022, nel 2023 la presidenza del G20 è stata indiana. Con l’affermazone “Recover Together, Recover Stronger", partendo dal presupposto che la pandemia COVID-19 ha minato l'uguaglianza di genere creando oneri più pesanti per le donne in termini di lavoro domestico, assistenza non retribuita, salute per tutti ma in particolare per i più fragili, l'obiettivo è stato: "creare una base inclusiva e sostenibile per la crescita, mettendo le donne e le ragazze in tutta la loro diversità al centro della strategia di ripresa". L’articolo si concentra su due task force, in particolare per ridurre il divario digitale e affrontare il cambiamento climatico.Published11-26OS: Terza mission
Looking for undocumented earthquake effects: a probabilistic analysis of Italian macroseismic data
No full textA methodology to detect local incompleteness of macroseismic intensity data at the local scale is presented. In particular, the probability that undocumented effects actually occurred at a site is determined by considering intensity prediction equations (in their probabilistic form) integrated by observations relative to known events documented at surrounding sites. The outcomes of this analysis can be used to investigate how representative and known the seismic histories of localities are (i.e., the list of documented effects through time). The proposed approach is applied to the Italian area. The analysis shows that, at most of the considered sites, the effects of intensity ≥ 6 should most probably have occurred at least once, but they are not contained in the current version of the Italian macroseismic databases. In a few cases, instead, the lack of data may concern higher intensity levels (i.e., ≥ 8). The geographical distribution of potentially lost information reflects the heterogeneity of the seismic activity over the Italian territory.Published1805–18164T. Sismicità dell'ItaliaJCR Journa
Directional Amplification at Rock Sites in Fault Damage Zones
No full textSite effects refer to the modification of ground shaking caused by the local geological con- ditions that can result in the strong amplification of ground motion. The best-known cause for site effects is the presence of superficial soft soil deposits, which are considered in seismic design codes of many countries through the use of scaling factors. Rock sites are assumed to show no local site amplification. However, even at rock sites, seismic waves can be locally amplified at frequencies of engineering interest, with larger motion along one site-specific azimuth on the horizontal plane (the so called “directional site resonance or amplification”). These effects have been related to the pres- ence of large-scale open cracks or microcracks in different geological environments (faults, land- slides, volcanic areas) everywhere with a common signature: maximum amplification occurs trans- verse to the predominant fracture strike. In this paper, we summarize our main results obtained in the last decade with regard to several fault zones with different kinematics, where ground motion is polarized (and amplified) perpendicularly to the predominant fracture field as an effect of the stiffness anisotropy. In order to give a further constraint, we also show some cases where the direc- tional amplification effects were compared with the S-wave splitting analysis method.Published6060OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremotoJCR Journa
Earth observations into action: the systemic integration of earth observation applications into national risk reduction decision structures
No full textPurpose
As stated in the United Nations Global Assessment Report 2022 Concept Note, decision-makers everywhere need data and statistics that are accurate, timely, sufficiently disaggregated, relevant, accessible and easy to use. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate scalable and replicable methods to advance and integrate the use of earth observation (EO), specifically ongoing efforts within the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Work Programme and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Work Plan, to support risk-informed decision-making, based on documented national and subnational needs and requirements.
Design/methodology/approach
Promotion of open data sharing and geospatial technology solutions at national and subnational scales encourages the accelerated implementation of successful EO applications. These solutions may also be linked to specific Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030 Global Targets that provide trusted answers to risk-oriented decision frameworks, as well as critical synergies between the Sendai Framework and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This paper provides examples of these efforts in the form of platforms and knowledge hubs that leverage latest developments in analysis ready data and support evidence-based DRR measures.
Findings
The climate crisis is forcing countries to face unprecedented frequency and severity of disasters. At the same time, there are growing demands to respond to policy at the national and international level. EOs offer insights and intelligence for evidence-based policy development and decision-making to support key aspects of the Sendai Framework. The GEO DRR Working Group and CEOS Working Group Disasters are ideally placed to help national government agencies, particularly national Sendai focal points to learn more about EOs and understand their role in supporting DRR.
Originality/value
The unique perspective of EOs provide unrealized value to decision-makers addressing DRR. This paper highlights tangible methods and practices that leverage free and open source EO insights that can benefit all DRR practitioners.Published163-1855IT. Osservazioni satellitariJCR Journa