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Real-time mobile GNSS network data acquired during the 2021–2022 unrest at Vulcano island
No full textAt the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought an increase in the alert level and, consequently, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a real-time and high-frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The mobile stations were initially installed at the northern base of the La Fossa crater, where the highest values of soil degassing were recorded. Two stations were co-located with gravimeters, in order to compare and integrate the data. After this very first period of testing, the mobile GNSS array has been reconfigured, to investigate the mud pool area. Thus, four stations were installed around the degassing area, one of them being in the same site of the gravimeter. Data has been acquired at 1 Hz rate and is used for the weekly reporting to Civil Protection. It was the first experience of a light and quick-to-install geodetic real-time and high-rate GNSS mobile network in this area, and it was the occasion for testing its performance, as well as different approaches for the real-time kinematic (RTK) differential positioning in order to find the most suitable for the ongoing phenomena. Furthermore, direct data communication and archiving in the institutional database have been implemented for immediate querying from the control room tools. We report the experiences collected during the installation phase, site selection, RTK approaches, and ground motion and provide the daily raw data in RINEX format for any future precise postprocessing for the mid- to long-term analyses.Published36OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilitàJCR Journa
A Composite Fault Model for the 2024 MW 7.4 HualienEarthquake Sequence in Eastern Taiwan Inferred FromGNSS and InSAR Data
No full textOn 2 April 2024, an MW 7.4 earthquake struck the northern Longitudinal Valley in eastern
Taiwan, about 18 km SSW of Hualien, causing damage and casualties. In this study, we investigated a
comprehensive geodetic data set, employing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements to assess the rupture geometry associated with earthquake
sequence. Although geodetic data can be satisfactorily reproduced by simple single‐fault models (i.e., a high‐
angle E‐dipping plane related to the Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF), or a gentle W‐dipping surface associated
with the Central Range Fault, CRF), a composite model involving the rupture of different fault segments (a
major CRF‐related W‐dipping fault, a deep segment of the E‐dipping LVF, and the Milun Fault) is able to
explain the observations, the distribution of seismicity, and the complex structural arrangement of the
northernmost sector of the Longitudinal Valley.Publishede2024GL110255OST3 Vicino alla fagliaJCR Journa
Seismic T Phases in the Western-Central Mediterranean: Source of Seismic Hazard?
No full textThe Algerian offshore earthquake of 18 March 2021, Mw
6.0, was felt by people in various Italian regions, also at large epicentral distance. This unusual human perception far from the source prompted us to analyze the waveforms recorded by land seismic stations installed along the Iberian, French, and Italian coasts. On some seismograms of the selected network, prominent T phases are detected. T waves can travel in the SOund Fixing And Ranging (SOFAR) channel over great distances (thousands of kilometers) with little loss in signal strength and be recorded by near‐coastal seismometers after the P (primary) and S (secondary) phases (hence T or tertiary phases). To explain the subjective perception of ground shaking with quantities that are measured on the seismogram, we estimated the empirical macroseismic intensities for both body and T phases and we calculated the body‐wave seismic attenuation. The P‐wave anelastic attenuation analysis shows two main wave propagation patterns that reflect lithosphere heterogeneity of the Algerian, Liguro‐Provençal, and Tyrrhenian basins. We find that in some cases, in particular along the Italian and French coasts, the largest ground shaking is caused by the T phase. Our observations confirm that the central‐western Mediterranean Sea is a favorable site for T‐wave propagation and suggest that the T phases should be taken into account in ground‐shaking hazard assessment for the central‐western Mediterranean.Published859–869OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremotoJCR Journa
A micro-scale insight into a back-arc trans-crustal plumbing system: The case of Marsili volcano, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea
No full textThe Marsili seamount is a submarine volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea that originated in a back-arc setting. Aiming to define the complexity of its trans-crustal plumbing system, we explored the compositional and textural variations of crystal cargoes in basaltic to andesitic lavas collected from three different sectors of the volcano (northern, axial, and lateral). Lavas collected from the northern sector are basaltic in composition and contain minerals with a narrow and more primitive composition compared to basalt and basaltic andesitic lavas sampled at the lateral and axial sectors, hosting a crystal cargo characterized by a broader chemical variability. Crystal-poor andesitic lavas were only collected at the axial summit sector of the volcano. Glomerocrysts with diverse mineralogy are ubiquitous in lavas erupted from all sectors and testify to the presence of crystal mush domains in the whole trans-crustal system. Thermobarometric calculations performed on clinopyroxene coupled to mass-balance and thermodynamic modeling collectively point to a polybaric and spatially heterogeneous plumbing system. The relatively less differentiated basaltic magmas erupted in the northern and axial sectors reside at depth corresponding to the lower crust-mantle boundary (300–450 MPa, 1040–1080 °C). Basaltic and basaltic andesitic magmas extracted from this deep storage zone formed, over time, scattered magma storage zones in the 10–12 km-thick oceanic crust beneath the Marsili volcano. The shallower magma storage zones sourced the andesitic magmas (<250 MPa, 920–980 °C) erupted in the axial summit sector. In turn, basaltic and basaltic andesitic magmas erupted in the lateral sector testify to intermediate storage conditions (200–400 MPa, 980–1060 °C) and variable degree of evolution. The variable content of incompatible (TAl and Ti) and REE in clinopyroxene contained in basaltic lavas from the three sectors relates to different degrees of undercooling (∆T), with magmas erupted from the northern sector recording higher undercooling (∆T = 90 ± 39 °C) compared to those erupted from the lateral (∆T = 52 ± 27 °C) and axial (∆T = 30 ± 25 °C) sectors. The emerging scenario is that basaltic magmas erupted from the northern sector experienced a more rapid ascent (also testified by the occurrence of high-Fo olivine and dendritic clinopyroxene in the groundmass) compared to magmas erupted at the lateral and axial sectors, otherwise experiencing prolonged residence within the crust.Published107675OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametriciJCR Journa
Relazione dell’attività 2023 del Gruppo di Lavoro INGVterremoti
No full textIn questa relazione vengono descritte le attività principali svolte nel 2023
relativamente ai diversi canali web istituzionali e alla piattaforma INGVterremoti, fornendo anche, ove possibile, dati statistici utili per la valutazione.INGVPublishedOS: Terza mission
Epistemic Justice Indicator: An Annotated Prototype [Version 1.0 – 2024.05.10]
No full textSSH CENTRE (Social Sciences and Humanities for Climate, Energy aNd Transport Research Excellence) is a Horizon Europe project, engaging directly with stakeholders across research, policy, and business (including citizens) to strengthen social innovation, SSH-STEM collaboration, transdisciplinary policy advice, inclusive engagement, and SSH communities across Europe, accelerating the EU’s transition to carbon neutrality.
SSH CENTRE is based in a range of activities related to Open Science, inclusivity and diversity – especially with regards Southern and Eastern Europe and different career stages – including: development of novel SSH-STEM collaborations to facilitate the delivery of the EU Green Deal; SSH knowledge brokerage to support regions in transition; and the effective design of strategies for citizen engagement in EU R&I activities. Outputs include action-led agendas and building stakeholder synergies through regular Policy Insight events.
This is captured in a high-profile virtual SSH CENTRE generating and sharing best practice for SSH policy advice, overcoming fragmentation to accelerate the EU’s journey to a sustainable future.
The documents uploaded here are part of WP2 whereby novel, interdisciplinary teams were provided funding to undertake activities to develop a policy recommendation related to EU Green Deal policy. Each of these policy recommendations, and the activities that inform them, will be written-up as a chapter in an edited book collection. Three books will make up this edited collection - one on climate, one on energy and one on mobility.
In this file, we introduce a prototype of an indicator for epistemic justice. The indicator is designed as a process indicator, i.e., it evaluates justice in policymaking processes (mechanisms and overall efforts) rather than their outcomes. It is structured as a checklist with two main categories: i) relative to the legislative phase of policymaking, and ii) relative to the dimension of epistemic justice. We distinguish between two legislative phases of policymaking, namely ex-ante (i.e., problem framing) and ex-post (i.e., appraisal of the policy’s initial design). We also distinguish three dimensions of epistemic justice, namely recognitional, participatory, and distributive. As a result of combining these categories, the indicator has six distinct sections. In each section, relevant questions are asked for assessment and scoring, which were developed based on our combined field experiences and literature reviews. The indicator has a total of 23 questions. Each question calls for a quantitative evaluation, using a scoring system on a scale from 1 to 10. The sum of points across questions in a specific section results in a section score. The global score is the sum of points across all sections. Depending on their specific aims, policymakers may prefer to aggregate the scores of specific sections (e.g., ex-ante sections). We assume that local knowledge is a key component in advancing more effective and just policymaking, especially in the field of climate adaptation (for more details, see our chapter in the SSH Climate book). Hence, our scoring system is designed to give more prominence to local stakeholders in the policymaking process. The standardised scoring system enables tractability and accountability.SSH CENTRE (Social Sciences and Humanities for Climate, Energy aNd Transport Research Excellence)PublishedOSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazion
Etiology of the ecological crisis: Building new perspectives for human progress through geoethics
No full textThe socioecological crisis is the cause of a global polycrisis that demands multifaceted responses across various dimensions: scientific-technical, involving the identification of likely scenarios and sustainable solutions; cultural, entailing the cultivation of a society rooted in solidarity, respect, and responsibility; and esthetic, involving the redefinition of human sensory perception of environmental reality.
Geoethics can define a framework of principles and values (the geo-ethos) capable of guiding responses to the crisis. Geoethics is fundamentally an ethics of global socioenvironmental responsibility for a planetary citizenship, integrated with geoscience (the science that studies the Earth system and its natural subsystems) which not only has a self-realizing purpose but is above all the means for:
(a) responsibly assisting society in the great contemporary and future challenges of the Anthropocene by promoting policies of mitigation and adaptation to environmental changes;
(b) contributing, thanks to its educational and training potential, to the development of a culture of knowledge of the “common home” and to the modification of the esthetic dimension through which human beings perceive the Earth.Published51-67OS: Terza mission
Investigating the Main Features of the Correlation Between Electron Density and Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere Through Swarm Satellites Data
No full textElectron density (Ne) and electron temperature (Te) observations collected by Langmuir Probes on board the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm B satellite are used to characterize their correlation in the topside ionosphere at an altitude of about 500 km. Spearman correlation coefficient values (RSpearman) are calculated on joint probability distributions between Ne and Te for selected conditions. The large data set of Swarm B observations at 2-Hz rate, covering the years 2014–2022, allowed investigating the correlation properties of the topside ionospheric plasma on a global scale, for different diurnal and seasonal conditions, with both a coverage and a detail never reached before. Results are given as maps of RSpearman as a function of the Quasi-Dipole (QD) magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT) coordinates. The characterization of the correlation at high latitudes, along with the description of the diurnal trend at all latitudes, are the new findings of this study. The main correlation features point out a negative correlation at the morning overshoot, during daytime at mid latitudes, and during nighttime at the ionospheric trough and subauroral latitudes. Conversely, a positive correlation dominates the nighttime hours at mid and low latitudes and, to a minor extent, the low latitudes from 09 MLT onwards. A seasonal dependence of the correlation is noticeable only at very high latitudes where the general pattern of the negative correlation does not hold around ±75° QD latitude in the summer season. Results from Swarm B have been statistically compared and discussed with observations from the Arecibo, Jicamarca, and Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radars.Publishede2023JA032201OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spazialeJCR Journa
Distinguishing between Medicanes and common seasonal storms using microseism
No full textMicroseism, the most continuous seismic signal on the Earth generated by the interaction between the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the solid Earth, is a useful tool for acquiring information about climate change. Indeed, several authors dealt with the relationship microseism-sea state and microseism-cyclonic activity, considering in particular tropical cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, and recently Medicanes (small-scale tropical cyclones that occur in the Mediterranean Sea). In this study, we analyze, from a seismic point of view, several meteorological events that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea during the period November 2011 - February 2023. In particular, we consider 9 Medicanes and 4 more common storms. Despite the marked differences between them, each of these events caused heavy rainfall, strong wind gusts, violent storm surges with significant wave heights usually greater than 3 meters, and damage along the exposed coast. Occasionally, these events caused deaths and injuries. In this work, we analyzed the seismic signal recorded by 104 seismic stations, installed along the Italian, Maltese, Greek, and France coastal areas, and 15 seismic stations, installed in the Etnean area used only to perform array analysis. We deal with the relationships between the considered meteorological events and the features of microseism in terms of spectral content, space-time variation of the amplitude, and source locations tracked using two different methods (a grid search approach based on seismic amplitude decay and array techniques). By comparing the positions of the microseism sources, obtained from our analysis, with the areas of significant storm surges, retrieved from hindcast data, we observe that the microseism locations are in agreement with the actual locations of the storm surges for 10 out of 12 events analyzed (two Medicanes present very low intensity in terms of meteorological parameters and the microseism amplitude does not show significant variations during these two events). In addition, we also carried out two analyses that allowed us to obtain both the seismic signature of these events, by using a method that exploits the coherence of continuous seismic noise, and their strength from a seismic point of view, called Microseism Reduced Amplitude. By integrating the results obtained from these two methods, we can "seismically" distinguish Medicanes and common storms. Consequently, we demonstrate the possibility of creating a novel monitoring system for Mediterranean meteorological events by incorporating microseism information alongside with other techniques (e.g. wave buoy, wave gauge, and High-Frequency coastal radar) commonly used for studying and monitoring meteorological phenomena. In addition, since the seismometers were among the first geophysical instruments installed, it is possible to digitize old seismograms and examine historical data shedding new light on extreme weather events in a climate change scenario.PublishedVienn
Seismotectonics-Driven Estimation of <i>b</i>-Value: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment
No full textAbstract
Taking full advantage of good-quality historical earthquake and seismogenic source data available for Italy (Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani [CPTI15] and Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources [DISS] databases), we tested the regional variability of the b-value of the Gutenberg–Richter law, focusing on the dominantly extensional, nearly 1200-km-long seismogenic corridor straddling the Apennines chain; an 18,200 km2 area generating about 45% of the seismic moment released countrywide. We carefully chose and tested the most appropriate completeness interval and completeness magnitude (Mc), and used the Lilliefors method, the Utsu test, and a bootstrap technique to verify the quality of our results and inferences. The 0.65 b-value we obtained is substantially lower than b-values used in Italian seismic hazard models, often close to 1.0; yet it predicts more accurately the observed Apennines earthquake record, suggesting that most currently adopted magnitude-frequency distributions underpredict events in the Mw range 6.0–7.1 and overpredict those in the range 5.2–5.5. We also highlight that the time, space, and magnitude distribution of the largest Italian earthquakes hardly follows the Gutenberg–Richter law: it rather favors a characteristic behavior. We contend that the b-value is too critical of a parameter for being calculated using statistically weak data sets, such as those resulting from overly detailed area-source models: one may end up characterizing low-hazard areas more accurately than high-hazard areas. Conversely, we advocate the use of fewer, larger area sources that fully exploit the current understanding of regional seismotectonics, as a way of obtaining more realistic regional hazard models.Published3192–3206OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremotoJCR Journa